RabbitMQ快速上手(二)发布订阅、路由、通配模式
在上篇文章中我们提到了RabbitMQ的几种交换器模式,我们之前的HelloWord和Work模式都是采用的默认的Exchange即Directexchange ,接下来我们这章说一下剩下的几种模式源码
发布/订阅(fanout)
发布订阅模式就像消费者订阅(监听)生产者一样,只要生产者产生消息,消费者都可以消费
/**
* 订阅模式
*/
public class EmitLog {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
/*
* 声明exchange(交换机)
* 参数1：交换机名称
* 参数2：交换机类型
* 参数3：交换机持久性，如果为true则服务器重启时不会丢失
* 参数4：交换机在不被使用时是否删除
* 参数5：交换机的其他属性
*/
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
// 与前面不同, 生产者将消息发送给exchange, 而非队列. 若发消息时还没消费者绑定queue与该exchange, 消息将丢失
for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
String message = "Hello"+i;
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
public class ReceiveLogs1 {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
/*
* 绑定队列到交换机(这个交换机的名称一定要和上面的生产者交换机名称相同)
* 参数1：队列的名称
* 参数2：交换机的名称
* 参数3：Routing Key
*/
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
//注意：消息发送到没有队列绑定的交换机时，消息将丢失，因为，交换机没有存储消息的能力，消息只能存在在队列中。
System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}
另一个消费者代码一样 我就不贴了，接下来我们运行消费者程序
消费者处在监听状态，接下里运行生产者生产消息
现在可以看到两个消费者都收到了一样的消息
Routing(direct)
我们采用路由的方式对不同的消息进行过滤，可以通过此种方式指定消息被哪些消费者消费
在生产者把消息传递给exchange时，需要说明消息的routing key，然后exchange根据消息的routing key匹配队列。在说明队列时也要说明队列的routing key
/**
* 路由模式
*/
public class RoutingSendDirect {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";
// 路由关键字
private static final String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"info" ,"warning", "error"};
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"direct");//注意是direct
//发送信息
for (String routingKey:routingKeys){
String message = "RoutingSendDirect Send the message level:" + routingKey;
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,routingKey,null,message.getBytes());
System.out.println("RoutingSendDirect Send"+routingKey +"':'" + message);
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
public class ReceiveLogsDirect1 {
// 交换器名称
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";
// 路由关键字
private static final String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"info" ,"warning"};
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换器
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");
//获取匿名队列名称
String queueName=channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
//根据路由关键字进行绑定
for (String routingKey:routingKeys){
channel.queueBind(queueName,EXCHANGE_NAME,routingKey);
//如果想让消费者2同时接受routingKey为A 和为B的消息,只要在下面在此添加一个Bing就可以了
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect1 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+"," +
" queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + routingKey);
}
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect1 Waiting for messages");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect1 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}public class ReceiveLogsDirect2 {
// 交换器名称
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";
// 路由关键字
private static final String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"error"};
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换器
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");
//获取匿名队列名称
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
//根据路由关键字进行多重绑定
for (String severity : routingKeys) {
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, severity);
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect2 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+", queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + severity);
}
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect2 Waiting for messages");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect2 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}运行消费者程序
消费者分别监听了routingKey 为info,warning和error的消息
启动生产者生产消息
可以看到三种routingKey消息分别被路由到了不同消费者
Topics(topic)
Topics模式和Routing相类似，都是通过Routing Key来做消息如队列的匹配，RabbitMQ提供两种匹配符：
- *（星号）匹配一个
- ＃（井号）匹配0个或多个
/**
* 通配模式
*/
public class TopicSend {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Connection connection = null;
Channel channel = null;
try{
ConnectionFactory factory=new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
connection=factory.newConnection();
channel=connection.createChannel();
//声明一个匹配模式的交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"topic");
//待发送的消息
String[] routingKeys=new String[]{
"quick.orange.rabbit",
"lazy.orange.elephant",
"quick.orange.fox",
"lazy.brown.fox",
"quick.brown.fox",
"quick.orange.male.rabbit",
"lazy.orange.male.rabbit"
};
//发送消息
for(String severity :routingKeys){
String message = "From "+severity+" routingKey' s message!";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, severity, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("TopicSend Sent '" + severity + "':'" + message + "'");
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
if (connection!=null){
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}finally {
if (connection!=null){
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
}
}public class ReceiveLogsTopic1 {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明一个匹配模式的交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
//路由关键字
String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"*.orange.*"};
//绑定路由
for (String routingKey : routingKeys) {
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey);
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 exchange:" + EXCHANGE_NAME + ", queue:" + queueName + ", BindRoutingKey:" + routingKey);
}
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 Waiting for messages");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}public class ReceiveLogsTopic2 {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明一个匹配模式的交换器
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
// 路由关键字
String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"*.*.rabbit", "lazy.#"};
// 绑定路由关键字
for (String bindingKey : routingKeys) {
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, bindingKey);
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+", queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + bindingKey);
}
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 Waiting for messages");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}运行我们的消费者程序
消费者已经通过匹配的routingKey监听，运行生产着生产消息
可以看到消费者已经根据routingKey 消费到对应通配的消息
小结
我们上面的三种模式具有以下特点
- 生产者声明了
exchange的类型,生产者种并没有生命队列,而是在消费者中由服务器随机生成的 - 我们的队列都是在消费者中声明的,所以要先启动消费者进行监听
文章参考
https://javaduqing.github.io
http://www.cnblogs.com/LipeiNet/p/5978276.html