什么是虚拟主机?
虚拟主机是一种特殊的软硬件技术,它可以将网络上的每一台计算机分成多个虚拟主机,每个虚拟主机可以独立对外提供web服务,这样就可以实现一台主机对外提供多个web服务,每个虚拟主机之间是独立的,互不影响。
nginx可以实现虚拟主机的配置,nginx支持三种类型的虚拟主机配置。
1、基于域名的虚拟主机 (server_name来区分虚拟主机——应用:外部网站)
2、基于ip的虚拟主机, (一块主机绑定多个ip地址)
3、基于端口的虚拟主机 (端口来区分虚拟主机——应用:公司内部网站,外部网站的管理后台)
1、 基于域名的虚拟主机
1、配置通过域名区分的虚拟机
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_processes 4;
error_log logs/error.log;
worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server {
listen 80;
server_name web.testpm.com;
location / {
root /var/www/nginx/;
index index.html index.htm;
limit_rate 2k;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name web.bella.com;
location / {
root /bella/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
}
[root@localhost nginx]# cat /var/www/nginx/index.html
hello
[root@localhost nginx]# cat /bella/html/index.html
bella
2、重新加载配置文件
如果编译安装的执行
[root@nginx]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
如果 yum 安装的执行
[root@nginx]# nginx -s reload
3、客户端配置解析
在 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts 文件中添加两行(linux:/etc/hosts)
10.0.105.199 web.testpm.com
10.0.105.199 web.bella.com
然后我们就可以在浏览器访问了
浏览器输入:http://web.testpm.com/
浏览器输入:http://web.1000phone.com/
2、 基于ip的虚拟主机
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 10.0.105.201/24
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163
inet 10.0.105.199 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.105.255
inet6 fe80::9d26:f3f0:db9c:c9be prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:17:f1:af txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 9844 bytes 1052722 (1.0 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 5567 bytes 886269 (865.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33:1: flags=4163
inet 10.0.105.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.105.255
ether 00:0c:29:17:f1:af txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
2、配置通过ip区分的虚拟机
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user root;
worker_processes 4;
error_log logs/error.log;
worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
server {
listen 80;
server_name 10.0.105.199;
location / {
root /var/www/nginx/;
index index.html index.htm;
limit_rate 2k;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name 10.0.105.201;
location / {
root /bella/html/;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
}
3、重新加载配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
4、 测试访问
浏览器输入:http://10.0.105.199
浏览器输入:http://10.0.105.201
5、补充
-- 删除绑定的临时ip
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 10.0.105.201/24 down
重启一下nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx
3、 基于端口的虚拟主机
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user root;
worker_processes 4;
worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 80;
server_name web.testpm.com;
location / {
root /var/www/nginx/;
index index.html index.htm;
limit_rate 2k;
}
server {
listen 8080;
server_name web.testpm.com;
location / {
root /bella/html/;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
}
重新加载配置文件:
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
测试访问:
浏览器输入:http://web.testpm.com/
浏览器输入:http://web.bella.com:8080