sed练习题——超详细解析

一、素材

Steve Blenheim:238-923-7366:95 Latham Lane, Easton, PA 83755:11/12/56:20300
Betty Boop:245-836-8357:635 Cutesy Lane, Hollywood, CA 91464:6/23/23:14500
Igor Chevsky:385-375-8395:3567 Populus Place, Caldwell, NJ 23875:6/18/68:23400
Norma Corder:397-857-2735:74 Pine Street, Dearborn, MI 23874:3/28/45:245700
Jennifer Cowan:548-834-2348:583 Laurel Ave., Kingsville, TX 83745:10/1/35:58900
Jon DeLoach:408-253-3122:123 Park St., San Jose, CA 04086:7/25/53:85100
Karen Evich:284-758-2857:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln , NB 92743:7/25/53:85100
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
Fred Fardbarkle:674-843-1385:20 Parak Lane, Duluth, MN 23850:4/12/23:780900
Fred Fardbarkle:674-843-1385:20 Parak Lane, Duluth, MN 23850:4/12/23:780900
Lori Gortz:327-832-5728:3465 Mirlo Street, Peabody, MA 34756:10/2/65:35200
Paco Gutierrez:835-365-1284:454 Easy Street, Decatur, IL 75732:2/28/53:123500
Ephram Hardy:293-259-5395:235 CarltonLane, Joliet, IL 73858:8/12/20:56700
James Ikeda:834-938-8376:23445 Aster Ave., Allentown, NJ 83745:12/1/38:45000
Barbara Kertz:385-573-8326:832 Ponce Drive, Gzary, IN 83756:12/1/46:268500
Lesley Kirstin:408-456-1234:4 Harvard Square, Boston, MA 02133:4/22/62:52600
William Kopf:846-836-2837:6937 Ware Road, Milton, PA 93756:9/21/46:43500
Sir Lancelot:837-835-8257:474 Camelot Boulevard, Bath, WY 28356:5/13/69:24500
Jesse Neal:408-233-8971:45 Rose Terrace, San Francisco, CA 92303:2/3/36:25000
Zippy Pinhead:834-823-8319:2356 Bizarro Ave., Farmount, IL 84357:1/1/67:89500
Arthur Putie:923-835-8745:23 Wimp Lane, Kensington, DL 38758:8/31/69:126000
Popeye Sailor:156-454-3322:945 Bluto Street, Anywhere, USA 29358:3/19/35:22350
Jose Santiago:385-898-8357:38 Fife Way, Abilene, TX 39673:1/5/58:95600
Tommy Savage:408-724-0140:1222 Oxbow Court, Sunnyvale, CA 94087:5/19/66:34200
Yukio Takeshida:387-827-1095:13 Uno Lane, Ashville, NC 23556:7/1/29:57000
Vinh Tranh:438-910-7449:8235 Maple Street, Wilmington, VM 29085:9/23/63:68900

二、题目 

1. 把Jon的名字改为Jonathan。

2. 删除头3行。

3. 打印第5~10行。

4. 删除含有Lane的所有行。

5. 打印所有生日在十一月或十二月的行。

6. 在以Kare开头的行末尾加上3颗星。

7. 将所有包含Jose的行都替换为JOSE HAS RETIRED。

8. 把Popeye的生日改为11/14/46,假定您不知道Popeye的生日,设法用正则式查找出来。

9. 删除所有空行。

三、答案+解析 

3.1 把Jon的名字改为Jonathan

[root@openEuler1 ~]# vim sed.txt
[root@openEuler1 ~]# sed -n 's/^Jon/Jonathan/g p' sed.txt
Jonathan DeLoach:408-253-3122:123 Park St., San Jose, CA 04086:7/25/53:85100

解析:匹配到Jon时,做三个动作,1.打印该行;2.用Jonathan替换Jon,g表示行内全局替换,如果没有这个g则只替换第一个Jon;3.打印替换后的行。

3.2 删除头3行

[root@openEuler1 ~]# sed -n '1,3 d' sed.txt

解析:1,3表示前三行,d是删除。

3.3 打印第5~10行

[root@openEuler1 ~]# sed -n '5,10 p' sed.txt
Jennifer Cowan:548-834-2348:583 Laurel Ave., Kingsville, TX 83745:10/1/35:58900
Jon DeLoach:408-253-3122:123 Park St., San Jose, CA 04086:7/25/53:85100
Karen Evich:284-758-2857:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln , NB 92743:7/25/53:85100
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
Fred Fardbarkle:674-843-1385:20 Parak Lane, Duluth, MN 23850:4/12/23:780900

解析:sed默认打印所有行,-n选项取消了默认打印的动作。第5~10行执行p这个打印的动作。

3.4 删除含有Lane的所有行

[root@openEuler1 ~]# sed -n '/Lane/ d' sed.txt

 解析:/ /正则匹配表达式,d是删除。

3.5 打印所有生日在十一月或十二月的行

[root@openEuler1 ~]# sed -n '/:1[12]/ p' sed.txt
Steve Blenheim:238-923-7366:95 Latham Lane, Easton, PA 83755:11/12/56:20300
Jon DeLoach:408-253-3122:123 Park St., San Jose, CA 04086:7/25/53:85100
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
Paco Gutierrez:835-365-1284:454 Easy Street, Decatur, IL 75732:2/28/53:123500
James Ikeda:834-938-8376:23445 Aster Ave., Allentown, NJ 83745:12/1/38:45000
Barbara Kertz:385-573-8326:832 Ponce Drive, Gzary, IN 83756:12/1/46:268500
Arthur Putie:923-835-8745:23 Wimp Lane, Kensington, DL 38758:8/31/69:126000
Tommy Savage:408-724-0140:1222 Oxbow Court, Sunnyvale, CA 94087:5/19/66:34200

解析:通过观察文本发现,在冒号(:)和斜线(/)中间夹着的数字表示生日的月份。

3.6 在以Kare开头的行末尾加上3颗星

[root@openEuler1 ~]# sed -r -n '/^Kare/ s/$/***/p' sed.txt
Karen Evich:284-758-2857:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln , NB 92743:7/25/53:85100***
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200***
Karen Evich:284-758-2867:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200***

解析:^表示开头,$表示结尾。在替换内容中&表示匹配到的内容,在这里就是以Kare的一整行。这里的意思是用以Kare开头的行后面加上3颗星替换原来的行再打印。

3.7 将所有包含Jose的行都替换为JOSE HAS RETIRED

[root@openEuler1 ~]# sed -n '/Jose/ c JOSE HAS RETIRED' sed.txt
JOSE HAS RETIRED
JOSE HAS RETIRED

解析:命令c表示change修改。匹配到Jose时,把当前行修改为JOSE HAS RETIRED。

3.8 把Popeye的生日改为11/14/46,假定您不知道Popeye的生日,设法用正则式查找出来

[root@openEuler1 ~]# sed -n '/Popeye/ {sx./../..x11/14/46xg;p;}' sed.txt
Popeye Sailor:156-454-3322:945 Bluto Street, Anywhere, USA 29358:11/14/46:22350

解析:s命令在进行替换时,允许用户指定定界符(分隔符),这里指定了x为定界符。因为如果使用的/的话,后面日期里的/就不得不进行转义,不仅写起来麻烦,还容易出错。

3.9 删除所有空行

[root@openEuler1 ~]# sed '/^[[:space:]]*$/d' sed.txt

解析:^表示一行的开始,[[:space]]*匹配任何数量的空白字符,包括零个,$表示一行的结束,d表示删除匹配该模式的行。

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