vmware创建虚机搭建k8s集群
说明：
为了搭建k8s集群搞了好久，记录下以备不时之需，使用典型方式创建虚机，iso采用centos8(根据实际情况选择版本），虚机规格无强制要求，虚机采用NAT网络模式，网络适配器VMNet8,自定义虚机网段。采用k8s v1.22版本。docker-ce采用20.10.8版本（yum安装，默认取得最新版本）
虚机规格：
| 角色 | os | 资源配额 | k8s | docker-ce |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| master | centos8 | 2C3G | V1.22.0 | 20.10.8 |
| node | centos8 | 1C1.5G | V1.22.0 | 20.10.8 |
宿主机：win10 vmware workstation16 pro
操作流程
1-创建虚机，部分步骤截图省略
虚机创建过程中可以设置时区，
2-获取管理员权限，设置虚机网段
打开VMWARE workstation: 编辑–>虚机网络编辑器，获取管理员权限后，才能设置子网路由和网关，关闭DHCP服务，其它配置默认
示例子网网段：192.168.2.0 网关：192.168.2.2
3-创建完成，启动虚机，配置网络和nameserver
编辑网卡文件，设置静态网卡，或者使用命令配置临时ip，配置nameserver解析域名
临时ip配置命令示例：
ifconfig ens33 192.168.2.10 netmask 255.255.255.0
route add default gw 192.168.2.2 dev ens33
-----------------下面步骤2台虚机都要执行-----------------
4-搭建k8s集群：
| 角色 | IPADDR | 虚机规格 |
|---|---|---|
| master | 192.168.2.10 | 2C3G |
| node | 192.168.2.11 | 1C1.5G |
---------------------下面操作2台虚机都要执行：---------------------
关闭防火墙：
顺序执行命令：
- iptables -F
- setenforce 0
- systemctl stop firewalld
- systemctl disable firewalld
修改主机名：
vi /etc/hosts
配置主机名和ip地址映射
禁用swap:
swapoff -a
vi /etc/fstab 找到下面行在前面加一个 # 注释 swap功能
安装docker-ce:
先删除默认的yum源，选择aliyun镜像源，速度更快，此处就不提供repo文件了，网上很多
yum makecache
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce
systemctl start docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service
修改docker配置：
kubelet cgroup默认是systemd,docker cgroup 改为systemd
cat>>/etc/docker/daemon.json<<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors":["https://nyakyfun.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2",
"storage-opts": [
"overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
添加k8s国内镜像源：
cat>>/etc/yum.repos.d/kubrenetes.repo<<EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes Repo
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
EOF
安装K8s所需要的3个组件
yum install -y kubeadm kubelet kubectl
说明：
kubeadm：安装工具，使所有的组件都会以容器的方式运行
kubectl：客户端连接K8S API工具
kubelet：运行在node节点，用来启动容器的工具
设置k8s开机自启动
systemctl enable kubelet.service
设置内核模块：
cat>>/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.swappiness=0
EOF
vi /etc/sysctl.conf 填写： net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
执行命令： sysctl -p
设置ipvs模块：
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- br_netfilter
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF
继续执行：
chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
lsmod | grep -E "ip_vs|nf_conntrack_ipv4"
安装libseccomp-devel，否则docker无法启动容器
yum install libseccomp-devel -y
-----------------以上步骤需要在2台机器都执行-----------------
下面步骤在master机器上执行：
创建默认的kubeadm-config.yaml文件并初始化：
kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm-config.yaml
修改 kubeadm-config.yaml配置：
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
- signing
- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 192.168.2.10 #master节点的IP
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: master #修改为IP地址，如果使用域名，必须保证解析正常
taints: null
---
apiServer:
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd #把etcd容器的目录挂载到本地的/var/lib/etcd目录下，防止数据丢失
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers #镜像仓库地址，选择国内仓库
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.22.0 #Kubernetes软件版本
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16 #添加这个内容
scheduler: {}
执行命令拉取镜像：
kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm-config.yaml
注意k8s 的coredns镜像会拉取失败，需要单独拉取coredns镜像，然后设置tag
docker pull coredns/coredns:1.8.4
docker tag 8d147537fb7d registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.4
执行：
echo '1' > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
开始安装master节点：**
kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml
初始化成功，日志如下：
按照提示继续执行：
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
切换到node节点，执行join命令：
kubeadm join 192.168.2.10:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9aeca199d668e3a36c1dfc3096be62d42a52092a81366afcb1baa35886fdc3d2
切回master节点，执行kubectl get node ,查看节点，发现状态NotReady
原因是没有安装网络插件！
开始安装网络插件：
覆盖网络，采用flannel插件，版本v0.12.0:
由于从github下载非常慢，可以从阿里云仓库拉取：
注意：master节点和node节点都需要执行
docker pull registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/leozhanggg/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
docker pull registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/leozhanggg/flannel:v0.12.0-arm64
docker pull registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/leozhanggg/flannel:v0.12.0-arm
docker pull registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/leozhanggg/flannel:v0.12.0-ppc64le
docker pull registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/leozhanggg/flannel:v0.12.0-s390x
拉取的镜像仓库和版本号与kube-flannel.yml文件镜像描述不一致，需要设置tag:
注意：master节点和node节点都需要执行
删除docker rmi registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/leozhanggg/flannel仓库镜像：
准备kube-flannel.yml
与flannel镜像版本配套，网上很容易找：
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:
- configMap
- secret
- emptyDir
- hostPath
allowedHostPaths:
- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
# Users and groups
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
# Privilege Escalation
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
# Capabilities
allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []
# Host namespaces
hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:
- min: 0
max: 65535
# SELinux
seLinux:
# SELinux is unsed in CaaSP
rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"cniVersion": "0.2.0",
"name": "cbr0",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- amd64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- ppc64le
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-ppc64le
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-ppc64le
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- s390x
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-s390x
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-s390x
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
注意：由于使用的k8s版本是v1.22.0，网上下载的文件安装时可能存在部分带v1beta1版本，当前版本中已经被改为正式版本v1,所以需要去掉beta1,上面给的文件就是修改后的
master节点执行：
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
master节点执行命令，给node节点设置node角色：
kubectl label node node1 node-role.kubernetes.io/node=node
部署完成后，pod和节点信息如下：
注意：如果节点加入异常，执行删除节点，重新加入：
master节点执行删除节点操作
kubectl drain <node name> --delete-local-data --force --ignore-daemonsets
kubectl delete node <node name>
node节点执行：
kubeadm reset
然后重新加入节点参考：
https://www.cnblogs.com/ricklz/p/12259110.html
部署流程参考：
https://www.cnblogs.com/yudongdong/p/12384732.html