正则表达式详解

preg.jpg

正则表达式是一种描述字符串结果的语法规则,是一个特定的格式化模式,可以匹配、替换、截取匹配的字符串。常用的语言基本上都有正则表达式,如JavaScript、java等。其实,只有了解一种语言的正则使用,其他语言的正则使用起来,就相对简单些。文本主要讲解常用的正则表达式函数和正则表达式基本语法。

一、常用的正则表但是函数

preg_match($pattern,$subject,[array&$matches])

preg_match_all($pattern,$subject,array&$matches)

preg_match($pattern,$subject,[array &$matches]) --进行正则表达式匹配

preg_match_all($pattern,$subject,array &$matches) --进行正则表达式匹

实例代码:

$pattern = '/[0-9]/';
$subject = 'weuyr3ui76as83s0ck9';
$m1 = $m2 = array();

$t1 = preg_match($pattern, $subject,$m1);
$t2 = preg_match_all($pattern, $subject,$m2);

print_r($m1);
echo "
";

print_r($m2);
echo $t1.'||'.$t2;

结果:

Array ( [0] => 3 ) 
    Array
    (
        [0] => Array
            (
                [0] => 3
                [1] => 7
                [2] => 6
                [3] => 8
                [4] => 3
                [5] => 0
                [6] => 9
            )   
    )
    1||7;

preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $subject)

preg_filter($pattern, $replacement, $subject)

preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $subject) --执行正则表达式的搜索和替换

preg_filter($pattern, $replacement, $subject) --执行正则表达式的搜索和替换

实例代码:

// $pattern = '/[0-9]/';
    // $subject = 'weuyr3ui76as83s0ck9';
    // $replacement = "小学生";

    // $str1 = preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $subject);
    // $str2 = preg_filter($pattern, $replacement, $subject);
    
    // echo "
";
    // print_r($str1);
    // echo "
"; // print_r($str2); /* ********************输出的结果*********************** weuyr小学生ui小学生小学生as小学生小学生s小学生ck小学生 weuyr小学生ui小学生小学生as小学生小学生s小学生ck小学生 */ // $pattern = array('/[0123]/','/[456]/','/[789]/'); // $subject = 'weuyr3ui76as83s0ck9'; // $replacement = array("小","学","生"); // $str1 = preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $subject); // $str2 = preg_filter($pattern, $replacement, $subject); // echo "
";
    // print_r($str1);
    // echo "
"; // print_r($str2); /* ********输出的结果******** weuyr小ui生学as生小s小ck生 weuyr小ui生学as生小s小ck生 */ //*********************区别********************* $pattern = array('/[0123]/','/[456]/','/[789]/'); $subject = array('weuy','r3ui','76as83','s0ck9'); $replacement = array("小","学","生"); $str1 = preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $subject); $str2 = preg_filter($pattern, $replacement, $subject); echo "
";
    print_r($str1);
    echo "
"; print_r($str2); /*

结果:

Array
    (
        [0] => weuy
        [1] => r小ui
        [2] => 生学as生小
        [3] => s小ck生
    )Array
    (
        [1] => r小ui
        [2] => 生学as生小
        [3] => s小ck生
    )

注意:

preg_replave() --不管字符串有没有发生变化全都会保留。

preg_filter() --只会保留发生过替换的字符串。

preg_grep()

preg_grep() --返回匹配模式的数组条目(只做匹配,不做替换)

实例代码:

$pattern = '/[0-9]/';
$subject = array('weuy','r3ui','76as83','s0ck9');

$arr = preg_grep($pattern, $subject);
echo "
";

print_r($arr);

结果:

Array
    (
        [1] => r3ui
        [2] => 76as83
        [3] => s0ck9
    )

preg_split($psttern,$subject)

preg_split($psttern,$subject) --通过一个正则表达式分隔字符串

实例代码:

$pattern = '/[0-9]/';
$subject = '小2学3生,7约吗?';

$arr = preg_split($pattern, $subject);

echo "
";
print_r($arr);

结果:

Array
        (
            [0] => 小
            [1] => 学
            [2] => 生,
            [3] => 约吗?
        )

preg_quote($str)

preg_quote($str) --正则运算符转义

实例代码:

$str = 'qwer{asdf}[1234]';

$str= preg_quote($str);

echo $str;

结果:

qwer\{asdf\}\[1234\]

二、正则表达式基本语法

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