【tk实现学生管理系统】

tk实现学生管理系统

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前言

上次草率写了一个学生管理系统登陆页面，我个人感觉我不是很完善，就在网上四处取经，然后就看到了一篇挺不错的文章，大家来康康。

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效果展示

一、补充

基于登录界面的补充，给其补充了图片，补充了页面的跳转。实现学生信息的展示，根据学号，姓名，电话，身份证进行粗略或详细的搜查。

二、代码展示

1.登陆改造页面

代码如下（示例）：

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import showinfo
from tkinter.ttk import *
import os
import maingui
from datetime import datetime

class LoginWindow(Tk):
    """
    创建登录窗体的GUI界面已经登录的方法
    """
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()  # 先执行tk这个类的初始化
        self.title("登录界面")
        # self.geometry("620x420")
        self.resizable(0,0) # 窗体大小不允许变，两个参数分别代表x轴和y轴
        # self.iconbitmap('1.ico')
        self["bg"] = "royalblue"
        # 加载窗体
        self.setup_UI()
        self.file_path = "name.text"  # 文件路劲
        self.user_list = []  # 存储用户信息
        self.var_password_error_times = 0
        self.user = ""  # 当前的用户
        self.password = ""
        # 自动执行文件中账号的加载
        self.current_user_list = []
        self.load_file_info( )




    def setup_UI(self):
        # ttk中控件使用style对象设定
        self.Style01 = Style()
        self.Style01.configure("user.TLabel",font = ("华文黑体",20,"bold"),foreground = "royalblue")
        self.Style01.configure("TEntry",font = ("华文黑体",20,"bold"))
        self.Style01.configure("TButton",font = ("华文黑体",20,"bold"),foreground = "royalblue")
        # 创建一个Label标签展示图片
        self.Login_image = PhotoImage(file ="1.png")
        self.Label_image = Label(self,image = self.Login_image)
        self.Label_image.pack(padx = 5,pady = 5)
        # 创建一个Label标签 + Entry   --- 用户名
        self.Label_user = Label(self,text = "用户名:", style = "user.TLabel")
        self.Label_user.pack(side = LEFT,padx = 25,pady = 5)
        self.var_user = StringVar( )
        self.Entry_user = Entry(self, width=15, textvariable=self.var_user, style="TEntry")
        self.Entry_user.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=8)

        # 创建一个Label标签 + Entry   --- 密码
        self.Label_password = Label(self, text="密码:", style="user.TLabel")
        self.Label_password.pack(side=LEFT, padx=15, pady=5)
        self.var_password = StringVar( )
        self.Entry_password = Entry(self, width=15, textvariable=self.var_password, show="*",
                                    style="TEntry")  # 密码以什么符号显示，使用show方法
        self.Entry_password.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=8)
        # 创建一个按钮    --- 登录
        self.Button_login = Button(self, text="登录", width=7, command=self.login)
        self.Button_login.pack(side=LEFT, padx=20, pady=5)


    def load_file_info(self):
        """
        读取用户名、密码、状态
        :return:
        """
        if not os.path.exists(self.file_path):
            showinfo("系统消息", "提供的文件名不存在！")
        else:
            try:
                with open(file=self.file_path, mode="r") as fd:
                    # 一次读一行
                    current_line = fd.readline( )
                    while current_line:
                        temp_list = current_line.split(",")  # 长字符串分割层三个
                        self.user_list.append(temp_list)
                        # 读取下一行,读完了循环就结束了
                        current_line = fd.readline( )
            except:
                showinfo("系统消息", "文件读取出现异常！")

    def login(self):
        # 获取用户的用户名和密码
        self.user = self.var_user.get()
        self.password = self.var_password.get()
        # 实现身份验证，遍历用户信息列表
        for index in range(len(self.user_list)):
            # 用户名是否正确
            if self.user.strip().lower() == str(self.user_list[index][0]).strip().lower():
                # 判断账号是否被禁用
                if "0" in str(self.user_list[index][2]).strip().lower():
                    showinfo("系统消息", "账号已禁用,请联系管理员")
                    break
                # 密码是否正确
                if self.password != str(self.user_list[index][1]).strip().lower():
                    self.var_password_error_times += 1

                    # 判读错误是否到三次
                    if self.var_password_error_times >= 3:
                        showinfo("系统消息","密码错误已达三次，账号已锁定！")
                        # 改变状态
                        self.user_list[index][2] = "0\n"
                        # 信息写入到文件
                        self.write_file_info()

                    else:
                        showinfo("系统消息", "输入的密码错误")
                    # 判断成功后整个循环退出，不要执行后面的判断用户名不存在的语句了
                    break
                else:
                    # 如果在三次之内输入正确了，把错误次数归零
                    self.var_password_error_times = 0
                    # 把用户名和密码写入list
                    self.current_user_list = self.user_list[index]
                    # 加载主窗体
                    self.load_main()
                    # showinfo("系统消息", "登录成功！")
                    break
            # 如果校验到最后都没有相同的用户名,则用户名不存在
            if index == len(self.user_list) - 1:
                showinfo("系统消息","输入的用户名不存在")

    def load_main(self):
        # 关闭当前窗体
        self.destroy( )
        # 加载新窗体


        main_window = maingui.MainWindow(self.current_user_list,self.get_now_time())

    def get_now_time(self):
        today = datetime.today( )
        return ("%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d" % (today.year,
                                                   today.month, today.day, today.hour, today.minute, today.second))




    def write_file_info(self):
        # 1.清空文件；2.写入
        try:
            with open(file=self.file_path, mode="w") as fd:
                fd.write("")
            with open(file=self.file_path, mode="a") as fd:
                for item in self.user_list:
                    fd.write(",".join(item))
        except:
            showinfo("系统消息", "写入文件出现异常")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    this_login = LoginWindow()
    this_login.mainloop()

2.主题页面

代码如下（示例）：
maingui.py

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import showinfo, askyesno
from tkinter.ttk import *
import os
import detailgui
# import changepasswordgui

class MainWindow(Tk):

    def __init__(self, current_user_list, current_time):
        super().__init__()
        self.title("主窗体")
        self.geometry("900x640+180+80")
        self.resizable(0,0)
        self["bg"]="skyblue"

        self.login_time = current_time
        self.current_student_list = []
        self.query_result_list = []
        self.action_flag = 0
        self.current_login_list = current_user_list
        # 存储学生信息
        self.all_student_list = []
        self.file_path = "studerts.text"

        # 加载gui
        self.setup_UI( )

        # 自动执行的函数
        self.load_file_student_info( )  # 自动把学生信息写入到all_student_list中
        self.load_treeview(self.all_student_list)  # 把所有学生信息加载到TreeView中

        # 把窗体的行为捕获转为方法
        self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.close_window)
    def setup_UI(self):
        # 设定Style
        self.Style01 = Style()
        self.Style01.configure("left.TPanedwindow",background = "navy")
        self.Style01.configure("right.TPanedwindow", background="skyblue")
        self.Style01.configure("TButton",width = 10,font = ("华文黑体",15,"bold"))

        # Top_banner
        self.Login_image = PhotoImage(file = "zhuti2.png")
        self.Lable_image = Label(self,image = self.Login_image)
        self.Lable_image.pack()
        # 加载当前用户和时间
        self.Label_login_user = Label(self, text="当前用户:" + str(self.current_login_list[0]).title( )
                                                 + "\n登录时间:" + self.login_time)
        self.Label_login_user.place(x=700, y=40)

        # 左边：按钮区域,创建一个容器
        self.Pane_left = PanedWindow(width = 200,height = 540,style = "left.TPanedwindow")
        self.Pane_left.place(x = 4,y = 94)
        self.Pane_right = PanedWindow(width=685, height=540,style = "right.TPanedwindow")
        self.Pane_right.place(x = 210,y = 94)

        # 添加左边按钮
        self.Button_add = Button(self.Pane_left, text="添加学生", style="TButton", command=self.add_student)
        self.Button_add.place(x=20, y=20)
        self.Button_update = Button(self.Pane_left, text="修改学生", style="TButton", command=self.update_student)
        self.Button_update.place(x=20, y=60)
        self.Button_delete = Button(self.Pane_left, text="删除学生", style="TButton", command=self.delete_student)
        self.Button_delete.place(x=20, y=100)
        self.Button_modify = Button(self.Pane_left, text="更改密码", style="TButton", command=self.load_change_password)
        self.Button_modify.place(x=20, y=160)

        # 右边：查询、TreeView
        self.Pane_right = PanedWindow(width=725, height=540, style="right.TPanedwindow")
        self.Pane_right.place(x=170, y=94)
        # LabelFrame
        self.LabelFrame_query = LabelFrame(self.Pane_right, text="学生信息查询", width=680, height=70)
        self.LabelFrame_query.place(x=10, y=10)
        # 添加控件
        self.Label_sno = Label(self.LabelFrame_query, text="学号：")
        self.Label_sno.place(x=5, y=13)
        self.var_sno = StringVar()
        self.Entry_sno = Entry(self.LabelFrame_query, width=8)
        self.Entry_sno.place(x=40, y=10)

        self.Label_name = Label(self.LabelFrame_query, text="姓名：")
        self.Label_name.place(x=125, y=13)
        self.var_name = StringVar( )
        self.Entry_name = Entry(self.LabelFrame_query, width=8)
        self.Entry_name.place(x=160, y=10)

        self.Label_mobile = Label(self.LabelFrame_query, text="电话：")
        self.Label_mobile.place(x=245, y=13)
        self.var_mobile = StringVar()
        self.Entry_mobile = Entry(self.LabelFrame_query, width=8)
        self.Entry_mobile.place(x=280, y=10)

        self.Label_id = Label(self.LabelFrame_query, text="身份证：")
        self.Label_id.place(x=365, y=13)
        self.var_id = StringVar( )
        self.Entry_id = Entry(self.LabelFrame_query, width=10, textvariable=self.var_id)
        self.Entry_id.place(x=420, y=10)

        self.Button_query = Button(self.LabelFrame_query, text="查询", width=4, command=self.get_query_result)
        self.Button_query.place(x=510, y=10)
        self.Button_all = Button(self.LabelFrame_query, text="显示全部", width=8, command=self.load_all_student)
        self.Button_all.place(x=570, y=10)
        # 添加TreeView控件
        self.Tree = Treeview(self.Pane_right, columns=("sno", "names",
                                                       "gender", "birthday", "mobile", "email", "address"),
                             show="headings", height=20)

        # 设置每一个列的宽度和对齐的方式
        self.Tree.column("sno", width=100, anchor="center")
        self.Tree.column("names", width=80, anchor="center")
        self.Tree.column("gender", width=80, anchor="center")
        self.Tree.column("birthday", width=100, anchor="center")
        self.Tree.column("mobile", width=100, anchor="center")
        self.Tree.column("email", width=100, anchor="center")
        self.Tree.column("address", width=120, anchor="center")

        # 设置每个列的标题
        self.Tree.heading("sno", text="学号")
        self.Tree.heading("names", text="姓名")
        self.Tree.heading("gender", text="性别")
        self.Tree.heading("birthday", text="生日")
        self.Tree.heading("mobile", text="手机号码")
        self.Tree.heading("email", text="邮箱地址")
        self.Tree.heading("address", text="家庭住址")

        self.Tree.place(x=10, y=80)

        self.Tree.bind("", self.view_student)
    def load_file_student_info(self):
        if not os.path.exists(self.file_path):
            showinfo("系统消息", "提供的文件名不存在！")
        else:
            try:
                with open(file=self.file_path, mode="r",encoding="UTF-8") as fd:
                    # 一次读一行
                    current_line = fd.readline()
                    while current_line:
                        temp_list = current_line.split(",")  # 长字符串分割层三个
                        self.all_student_list.append(temp_list)
                        # 读取下一行,读完了循环就结束了
                        current_line = fd.readline()
            except:
                showinfo("系统消息", "文件读取出现异常！")

    def load_treeview(self, current_list: list):
        # 每次调用之前，需要先把treeview中的内容清空
        for i in self.Tree.get_children( ):
            self.Tree.delete(i)

        # 判断是否有数据：
        if len(current_list) == 0:
            showinfo("系统消息", "没有数据加载")
        else:
            for index in range(len(current_list)):
                self.Tree.insert("", index, values=(current_list[index][0], current_list[index][1],
                                                    current_list[index][2], current_list[index][3],
                                                    current_list[index][4],
                                                    current_list[index][5], current_list[index][6]))

    def get_query_result(self):
        """
        针对学生信息进行查询
        :return:
        """

        # 清空query_result_list
        self.query_result_list.clear()
        # 准备查询条件，去空格后往列表中添加数据
        query_condition = []
        query_condition.append(self.Entry_sno.get().strip())  # 采集学号信息
        query_condition.append(self.Entry_name.get().strip())  # 采集姓名信息
        query_condition.append(self.Entry_mobile.get().strip())  # 采集手机号码信息
        query_condition.append(self.Entry_id.get().strip())  # 采集身份证号码信息

        # 遍历List获取符合条件的学生信息
        for item in self.all_student_list:
            if query_condition[0] in item[0] and query_condition[1] in item[1] and \
                    query_condition[2] in item[4] and query_condition[3] in item[7]:
                # 满足条件的学生
                self.query_result_list.append(item)
        # 把结果加载的TreeView中
        self.load_treeview(self.query_result_list)

    def load_all_student(self):
        # 把所有条件文本框清空
        self.var_sno.set("")
        self.var_name.set("")
        self.var_mobile.set("")
        self.var_id.set("")
        # 加载所有的学生信息到treeview
        self.load_treeview(self.all_student_list)

    def load_detail_window(self):
        detail_window = detailgui.DetailWindow(self.action_flag, self.current_student_list, self.all_student_list)
        self.wait_window(detail_window)
        return detail_window.userinfo

    def add_student(self):
        self.action_flag = 2
        if self.load_detail_window() == 1:
            self.load_all_student()
        else:
            return

    def update_student(self):
        self.action_flag = 3
        try:
            item = self.Tree.selection()[0]
            Temp_student_list = self.Tree.item(item, "values")
            # 遍历获得完整学生明细信息
            for item in self.all_student_list:
                if item[0] == Temp_student_list[0]:
                    self.current_student_list = item
            # 载入窗体
            if self.load_detail_window() == 1:
                self.load_all_student()
            else:
                return
        except:
            showinfo("系统消息","请先选中学生再修改")


    def view_student(self, event):
        self.action_flag = 1
        # 获取Tree表格双击某一行的数据,selection()如果没有指定参数，则表明以列表形式返回所有的item
        item = self.Tree.selection()[0]  # 获取双击某一行的项目标识符
        # 这个Tree表格中的数据，只是显示了部分数据,为了显示明细窗体，我们需要加载文件中的读取出来的完整信息
        Temp_student_list = self.Tree.item(item, "values")  # 通过item方法，获取该列的所有元素，以元组的形式返回
        # 遍历获得完整学生明细信息
        for item in self.all_student_list:
            if item[0] == Temp_student_list[0]:
                self.current_student_list = item

        self.load_detail_window()

    def delete_student(self):
        try:
            # 获取选中的学生
            item = self.Tree.selection()[0]
            Temp_student_list = self.Tree.item(item, "values")

            # 询问是否删除
            choose = askyesno("删除确认", "确定要删除该学生【学号:" + Temp_student_list[0] + ",姓名:" +
                              Temp_student_list[1] + "】的信息吗？")
            if choose:
                # 执行删除动作
                for index in range(len(self.all_student_list)):
                    if self.all_student_list[index][0] == Temp_student_list[0]:
                        self.all_student_list.pop(index)
                        break
                # 更新表格
                self.load_all_student()
                showinfo("系统消息", "删除成功！")
            else:
                return
        except:
            showinfo("系统消息", "请先选中学生再删除")

    def close_window(self):
        # 给用户提示：是否要保存数据
        choose = askyesno("关闭前提醒", "关闭窗体前是否要将修改写入文件")
        if choose:
            try:
                with open(self.file_path, mode="w", encoding="UTF-8") as fd:
                    fd.write("")
                with open(self.file_path, mode="w", encoding="UTF-8") as fd:
                    for item in self.all_student_list:
                        temp = ",".join(item)
                        temp = temp.replace("\n", "") + "\n"
                        fd.write(temp)
            except:
                showinfo("系统消息", "写入文件出现异常")
            # 提醒
            showinfo("系统消息", "所有的修改已经写入到文件")
            # 关闭
            self.destroy()
        else:
            self.destroy()

该中使用的图片为自己根据尺寸制造

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总结

本文章仅供对tkinter模块的学习，想要详细了解，请访问链接: link。