我具体用一个小案例来带大家熟悉springboot框架
需求分析: 分析用户主要需求 提取出项目核心功能 根据核心功能构建页面原型
库表设计(概要设计): 1.分析整个系统有哪些表 2.分析出表之间关联关系 3.确定字段
详细设计(流程图,伪代码): 用来验证库表准确性
功能实现(编码): 环境搭建 具体功能实现
功能测试 功能测试
部署
上线 运维
维护
全栈式: 前端 + 后端 + 运维
系统中含有哪些模块?
每个模块功能有哪些?
a.用户模块
登录
注册
验证码生成
b.员工模块
查询
删除
更新
添加
系统需要2张表: 用户表 user 员工表: employee
表与表之间关系: user employee 独立两张表
确定字段:
user: id 、username、password、realname、gender
employee: id 、 name、birthday、salary、gender
我们这里设计好数据表以后,我们就开始创建数据表和数据库
如下:
创建employee
CREATE TABLE `employee` (
`id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'id',
`name` varchar(60) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓名',
`birthday` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '生日',
`salary` double(10,2) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '工资',
`gender` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
`realname` varchar(60) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '真实姓名',
`password` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '密码',
`gender` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
技术选型: springboot + mybatis + jsp + mysql
环境搭建: springboot + jsp + mybatis
引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>2.1.4version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibabagroupId>
<artifactId>druidartifactId>
<version>1.2.4version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
<version>5.1.38version>
dependency>
写mybatis的配置文件
#配置数据库连接
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ems-jsp?characterEncoding=UTF-8
username: root
password: 123456
#配置mybatis
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/**Mapper.xml
type-aliases-package: com.demo.entity
引入jsp依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embedgroupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasperartifactId>
dependency>
在application.yml加入以下配置
# 配置jsp模板
spring:
mvc:
view:
prefix: /
suffix: .jsp
在application下面加入logging配置
#配置日志使用
logging:
level:
root: info
com.demo: debug #指定包日志
我们开始实现具体的功能
具体的思路:
验证码生成功能实现:
1.生成随机字符
2.放入session中
3.将随机数写入图片
4.将图片响应回去
首先我先提供一个生成随机字符的工具类
package com.demo.utils;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
/**
*@创建人 c
*@创建时间 2023
*@描述 验证码生成
*/
public class VerifyCodeUtils{
//使用到Algerian字体,系统里没有的话需要安装字体,字体只显示大写,去掉了1,0,i,o几个容易混淆的字符
public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
private static Random random = new Random();
/**
* 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码
* @param verifySize 验证码长度
* @return
*/
public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize){
return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
}
/**
* 使用指定源生成验证码
* @param verifySize 验证码长度
* @param sources 验证码字符源
* @return
*/
public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources){
if(sources == null || sources.length() == 0){
sources = VERIFY_CODES;
}
int codesLen = sources.length();
Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);
for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen-1)));
}
return verifyCode.toString();
}
/**
* 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值
* @param w
* @param h
* @param outputFile
* @param verifySize
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException{
String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);
return verifyCode;
}
/**
* 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值
* @param w
* @param h
* @param os
* @param verifySize
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException{
String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
outputImage(w, h, os, verifyCode);
return verifyCode;
}
/**
* 生成指定验证码图像文件
* @param w
* @param h
* @param outputFile
* @param code
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException{
if(outputFile == null){
return;
}
File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();
if(!dir.exists()){
dir.mkdirs();
}
try{
outputFile.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
outputImage(w, h, fos, code);
fos.close();
} catch(IOException e){
throw e;
}
}
/**
* 输出指定验证码图片流
* @param w
* @param h
* @param os
* @param code
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException{
int verifySize = code.length();
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Random rand = new Random();
Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
Color[] colors = new Color[5];
Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[] { Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,
Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,
Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW };
float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
for(int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++){
colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
}
Arrays.sort(fractions);
g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 设置边框色
g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
g2.setColor(c);// 设置背景色
g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h-4);
//绘制干扰线
Random random = new Random();
g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 设置线条的颜色
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
}
// 添加噪点
float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪声率
int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
int x = random.nextInt(w);
int y = random.nextInt(h);
int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
}
shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使图片扭曲
g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
int fontSize = h-4;
Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
g2.setFont(font);
char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize/2, h/2);
g2.setTransform(affine);
g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w-10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h/2 + fontSize/2 - 10);
}
g2.dispose();
ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
}
private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
if (fc > 255)
fc = 255;
if (bc > 255)
bc = 255;
int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
return new Color(r, g, b);
}
private static int getRandomIntColor() {
int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
int color = 0;
for (int c : rgb) {
color = color << 8;
color = color | c;
}
return color;
}
private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
int[] rgb = new int[3];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
}
return rgb;
}
private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
}
private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
int period = random.nextInt(2);
boolean borderGap = true;
int frames = 1;
int phase = random.nextInt(2);
for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
double d = (double) (period >> 1)
* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
+ (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
/ (double) frames);
g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
if (borderGap) {
g.setColor(color);
g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
}
}
}
private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;
boolean borderGap = true;
int frames = 20;
int phase = 7;
for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
double d = (double) (period >> 1)
* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
+ (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
/ (double) frames);
g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
if (borderGap) {
g.setColor(color);
g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//获取验证码
String s = generateVerifyCode(4);
//将验证码放入图片中
outputImage(260,60,new File("/Users/chenyannan/Desktop/安工资料/aa.jpg"),s);
System.out.println(s);
}
}
然后建一个测试类,我们测试一下
package com.demo.utils;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
class VerifyCodeUtilsTest {
@Test
public void TestGet() throws IOException {
//生成验证码
String s=VerifyCodeUtils.generateVerifyCode(4);
System.out.println(s);
//写入图片
FileOutputStream os=new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\Study\\java\\practical-projects\\spring-boot\\ems-jsp\\aa.png"));
VerifyCodeUtils.outputImage(200,80,os,s);
}
}
接下来编写Controller层的代码
@Controller
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserController {
/**
* 用来生成验证码操作
*/
@RequestMapping("generateImageCode")
public void generateImageCode(HttpSession httpSession, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
//1.生成随机字符串
String code=VerifyCodeUtils.generateVerifyCode(4);
//2.保存随机字符串在session中
httpSession.setAttribute("code",code);
//3.将随机字符串生成图片
//4.通过response响应的图片
response.setContentType("image/png");
ServletOutputStream os=response.getOutputStream();
VerifyCodeUtils.outputImage(220,80,os,code);
}
}
前台代码修改
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="right">
验证码:
<img id="num" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/generateImageCode" />
<a href="javascript:;" onclick="document.getElementById('num').src = '${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/generateImageCode?'+(new Date()).getTime()">换一张a>
td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">
<input type="text" class="inputgri" name="code" />
td>
tr>
用户注册功能实现:
1.根据用户输入验证码比较session中验证码是否一致
2.如果一致完成注册,如果不一致直接返回错误
3.完成注册向数据库中保存当前的用户信息
a.保存信息之前判断当前用户名是否存在 如果存在直接返回错误
b.如果当前用户名不存在保存用户信息 保存用户信息给密码进行加密处理
构建实体类
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String realname;
private String password;
private Boolean gender;
}
//get和set方法略写
构建Controller
/**
* 用户注册功能
*/
@RequestMapping("register")
public String register(User user, String code,HttpSession session) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
log.debug("接收到验证码: {}",code);
log.debug("用户名:{}, 真实姓名:{}, 密码:{}, 性别:{}",user.getUsername(),user.getRealname(),user.getPassword(),user.getGender());
try {
//1.比较验证是否一致
String sessionCode = session.getAttribute("code").toString();
if (!sessionCode.equalsIgnoreCase(code)) throw new RuntimeException("验证码输入错误!");
//2.注册用户
userService.register(user);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "redirect:/regist.jsp?msg="+ URLEncoder.encode(e.getMessage(),"UTF-8");
}
return "redirect:/login.jsp";
}
构建Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
//根据用户名查询用户
User findByUserName(String username);
//注册用户
void save(User user);
}
mapper配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.demo.mapper.UserMapper">
<!--根据用户名查询用户-->
<select id="findByUserName" parameterType="String" resultType="User">
select id,username,realname,password,gender from `user`
where username = #{username}
</select>
<!--注册用户-->
<insert id="save" parameterType="User" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
insert into `user` values(#{id},#{username},#{realname},#{password},#{gender})
</insert>
</mapper>
构建Service业务层代码
@Service
@Transactional
public class UserService {
@Resource
private UserMapper userMapper;
public void register(User user) {
//1.根据用户查询数据库是否存在改用户名
User userDB = userMapper.findByUserName(user.getUsername());
if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(userDB)) throw new RuntimeException("用户名已存在!");
//2.进行注册之前给明文加密
String passwordSecret = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(user.getPassword().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
user.setPassword(passwordSecret);
userMapper.save(user);
}
}
前台代码
<%@page contentType="text/html; UTF-8" isELIgnored="false" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>registtitle>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/style.css" />
head>
<body>
<div id="wrap">
<div id="top_content">
<div id="header">
<div id="rightheader">
<p>
2009/11/20
<br />
p>
div>
<div id="topheader">
<h1 id="title">
<a href="#">maina>
h1>
div>
<div id="navigation">
div>
div>
<div id="content">
<p id="whereami">
p>
<h1>
注册 ---> ${param.msg}
h1>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/register" method="post">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
class="form_table">
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="right">
用户名:
td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">
<input type="text" class="inputgri" name="username" />
td>
tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="right">
真实姓名:
td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">
<input type="text" class="inputgri" name="realname" />
td>
tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="right">
密码:
td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">
<input type="password" class="inputgri" name="password" />
td>
tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="right">
性别:
td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">
男
<input type="radio" class="inputgri" name="gender" value="1" checked="checked"/>
女
<input type="radio" class="inputgri" name="gender" value="0"/>
td>
tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="right">
验证码:
<img id="num" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/generateImageCode" />
<a href="javascript:;" onclick="document.getElementById('num').src = '${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/generateImageCode?'+(new Date()).getTime()">换一张a>
td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">
<input type="text" class="inputgri" name="code" />
td>
tr>
table>
<p>
<input type="submit" class="button" value="Submit »" />
<input type="button" class="button" onclick="location.href='${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login.jsp'" value="Login »" />
p>
form>
div>
div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer_bg">
[email protected]
div>
div>
div>
body>
html>
具体的原理
用户登录功能实现:
1.根据用户输入用户名去数据库中查询是否存在改用户名
2.如果存在,判断密码是否一致 如果不存在,用户名输入错误
3.判断密码根据数据库加密密码与对接收密码进行md5加密之后比较
md5: 只要内容相同 多次计算md5 结果一定是一致
4.保存用户登录标记到Session中
Controller
/**
* 用户登录功能
*/
@RequestMapping("login")
public String login(String username,String password,HttpSession session) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
log.debug("接收到用户名:{}, 接收到密码:{}",username,password);
try {
//1.执行登录业务逻辑
User user = userService.login(username,password);
//2.登录成功,保存用户登录标记
session.setAttribute("user",user);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "redirect:/login.jsp?msg="+URLEncoder.encode(e.getMessage(),"UTF-8");
}
return "redirect:/employee/list";
}
Service业务逻辑层
public User login(String username, String password) {
//1.根据用户输入的用户名查询数据是否存在
User user=userMapper.findByUserName(username);
//2.判断对象是否存在
if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(user)) throw new RuntimeException("用户名输入错误!");
//3.判断密码的正确性
String digestPassword = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(user.getPassword().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
if (user.getPassword().equals(digestPassword)) throw new RuntimeException("密码输入错误!!!");
return user;
}
具体的逻辑
员工列表:
1.在数据库中查询所有员工信息
2.在页面中进行展示
实体类
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Date birthday;
private Double salary;
private Boolean gender;
}
controller
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/employee")
public class EmployeeController {
@Resource
private EmployeeService employeeService;
/**
* 员工列表
*
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("list")
public String listEmployee(HttpServletRequest request, Model model) {
//1.获取员工列表
List<Employee> employees = employeeService.list();
//request.setAttribute("employees",employees);
model.addAttribute("employees", employees);
return "emplist";
}
}
Mapper
public interface EmployeeMapper {
//查询员工信息列表
List<Employee> list();
}
<select id="list" resultType="Employee">
select id,name,birthday,salary,gender from `employee`
select>
Service
@Service
public class EmployeeService {
@Resource
EmployeeMapper employeeMapper;
public List<Employee> list(){
return employeeMapper.list();
}
}
1.在员工controller中开发一个添加方法
2.接收员工信息
3.将员工信息保存到数据库
4.跳转到员工列表展示数据
controller
/**
* 员工增加信息
*/
@RequestMapping("add")
public String addEmployee(Employee employee) {
log.debug("员工名称: {}", employee.getName());
log.debug("员工工资: {}", employee.getSalary());
log.debug("员工生日: {}", employee.getBirthday());
log.debug("员工性别: {}", employee.getGender());
//1.保存员工信息
employeeService.add(employee);
return "redirect:/employee/list";//跳转到列表
}
Mapper
public interface EmployeeMapper {
//查询员工信息列表
List<Employee> list();
//添加员工信息
void add(Employee employee);
}
<!--添加员工信息-->
<insert id="add" parameterType="Employee" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
insert into `employee` values(#{id},#{name},#{birthday},#{salary},#{gender})
</insert>
Service
public void add(Employee employee) {
employeeMapper.add(employee);
}
更新员工:
上半步 数据回显:
1.点击更新链接传递当前更新员工id到controller
2.在controller中根据id查询员工信息
3.将查询到的员工信息保存到作用域
4.跳转到更新页面展示修改员工信息
Controller
@RequestMapping("detail")
public String detailEmployee(Integer id,Model model){
log.debug("接收id: {}", id);
//1.根据id查询一个员工
Employee employee = employeeService.idByEmployee(id);
//2.存入作用域request session application
model.addAttribute("employee", employee);
return "updateEmp";//跳转页面
}
Service
//根据id查询员工信息
public Employee idByEmployee(Integer id) {
return employeeMapper.idByEmployee( id);
}
/**
* 根据id查询员工信息
*/
@RequestMapping("detail")
public String detailEmployee(Integer id,Model model){
log.debug("接收id: {}", id);
//1.根据id查询一个员工
Employee employee = employeeService.idByEmployee(id);
//2.存入作用域request session application
model.addAttribute("employee", employee);
return "updateEmp";//跳转页面
}
Mapper
EmployeeMapper文件
Employee idByEmployee(Integer id);
xml文件
<!--根据id查询一个员工信息-->
<select id="idByEmployee" parameterType="Integer" resultType="Employee">
select id,name,birthday,salary,gender from `employee`
where id = #{id}
</select>
下半步:
1.获取更新之后员工信息
2.更新数据库
Controller
/**
* 更新员工信息
*
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("update")
public String updateEmployee(Employee employee) {
log.debug("员工id: {}", employee.getId());
log.debug("员工名称: {}", employee.getName());
log.debug("员工工资: {}", employee.getSalary());
log.debug("员工生日: {}", employee.getBirthday());
log.debug("员工性别: {}", employee.getGender());
//1.更新员工信息
employeeService.update(employee);
//2.跳转到员工列表
return "redirect:/employee/list";
}
Service
public void update(Employee employee) {
employeeMapper.update(employee);
}
Mapper
EmployeeMapper类文件
void update(Employee employee);
xml文件
<!--更新员工信息-->
<update id="update" parameterType="Employee">
update `employee` set name=#{name},birthday=#{birthday},salary=#{salary},gender=#{gender}
where id = #{id}
</update>
具体思路:
1.点击删除根据id去数据库中删除指定员工信息
2.删除成功之后跳转到列表页面
Controller
/**
* 根据id删除员工信息
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/delete")
public String deleteEmployee(Integer id){
log.debug("删除的id: {}",id);
//1.根据id删除员工信息
employeeService.delete(id);
//2.跳转到列表页面
return "redirect:/employee/list";
}
Service
public void delete(Integer id) {
employeeMapper.delete(id);
}
Mapper
EmployeeMapper类
void delete(Integer id);
xml文件
<!--根据id删除员工信息-->
<delete id="delete" parameterType="Integer">
delete from `employee` where id=#{id}
</delete>