简单总结：
1、在VMware中给Linux虚拟机扩展磁盘
2、进入虚拟机查看磁盘：fdisk -l
3、操作分区表：fdisk /dev/sda，对新增的磁盘空间进行分区
4、格式化新分出来的磁盘分区：mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3 （可以用df -Th命令查看分区类型）
5、卷扩容。把格式化后的分区创建为物理卷(phisycal volumn)：pvcreate /dev/sda3 （显示物理卷的命令是：pvdisplay）
6、文件系统扩容：xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
7、完成磁盘扩展，查看结果：df -h
一、首先在虚拟机中调整硬盘容量
image.png
二、在linux系统中进行配置
1、查看硬盘：fdisk -l
[root@oracle_db user]# fdisk -l
磁盘 /dev/sda：268.4 GB, 268435456000 字节，524288000 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000a9550
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 62914559 30407680 8e Linux LVM
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：29.0 GB, 28982640640 字节，56606720 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：2147 MB, 2147483648 字节，4194304 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
2、操作分区表
[root@oracle_db user]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
键入p 查看分区数量
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ccdc8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
由此判断我们增加的分区号应该为3(dev/sda1,dev/sda2……接下来应该是dev/sda3了吧)
键入n，增加一个分区，得到：
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
键入 p，主分区，并键入3（编号），也可以回车默认，默认起始扇区和结束扇区即可(键入两次Enter)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (41943040-104857599, default 41943040):
Using default value 41943040
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41943040-104857599, default 104857599):
Using default value 104857599
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 30 GiB is set
键入t，修改分区类型为8e：
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
键入w，写分区表，然后重启：
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost .ssh]# reboot
Connection closing...Socket close.
3、格式化
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3
meta-data=/dev/sda3 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1966080 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=7864320, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=3840, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
如果不清楚类型的话，可以查询之前的分区是用的什么格式
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 12M 3.8G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 17G 15G 2.7G 85% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 151M 864M 15% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 781M 0 781M 0% /run/user/0
4、卷扩容：
pvcreate /dev/sda3 初始化刚才的分区
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sda3.
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
vgextend centos /dev/sda3 将初始化过的分区加入到虚拟卷组centos
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
lvextend -L +29G /dev/centos/root 扩展已有卷的容量
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +29G /dev/centos/root
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <17.00 GiB (4351 extents) to <46.00 GiB (11775 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
pvdisplay查看卷容量
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <19.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4863
PV UUID iE79X6-Jp4j-8vSk-HZPI-yF6z-5xf6-o4Xjsx
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name centos
PV Size 30.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 7679
Free PE 255
Allocated PE 7424
PV UUID A4cQsp-WHHt-65i0-O0CQ-wm1G-hLVT-x0Co1l
5、文件系统扩容
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1113856 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4455424, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4455424 to 12057600
如果不是xfs,则执行命令： resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root
6、查看结果
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 12M 3.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 46G 15G 32G 32% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 151M 864M 15% /boot
tmpfs 781M 0 781M 0% /run/user/0