史上最全从0开始教你玩转wsl2+docker，构建自己的开发环境

1、安装wsl

需要windows版本大于

搜索启用或关闭windows功能

把图片中红点标注的功能勾选，注意勾选hyper-v就不能使用虚拟机类软件，如vm，安卓模拟器一类，点击确定，重启电脑。

打开任务管理器

确保虚拟化已经启用，部分设备可能需要去bios设置，自行查阅下相关资料

下载64位wsl2内核升级包    https%3A//wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi

安装后，设置默认wsl版本

wsl --set-default-version 2

安装linux系统

方法一:可以从微软商店搜索安装，有概率会失败

方法二: 翻到页面最下方，下载你需要的版本    旧版 WSL 的手动安装步骤 | Microsoft Learn在旧版 Windows 上手动（而不是使用 wsl 安装命令）安装 WSL 的分步说明。https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/install-manual给下载到的文件添加一个.zip后缀，用解压缩软件解压到你想安装的地方

点击里面的ubnutu.exe文件，等待一会就会安装成功

去cmd中输入 wsl -l -v 查看安装的子系统版本

2、安装完成后的设置：

安装完成后会设置自己的用户名，密码（注意不是root账户）

设置root密码

sudo passwd

切换root用户测试

su root

每次切换root用户很麻烦，可以用powershell执行下面这条命令，默认root用户登录，其中参数自己替换下

C:\Users\用户名\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\ubuntu版本.exe config --default-user root

开启ssh服务

首先确保是root用户

vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

进入之后，修改如下配置，可以直接复制我的，（我修改的项加了注释）

#	$OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.101 2017/03/14 07:19:07 djm Exp $

# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file.  See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.

# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented.  Uncommented options override the
# default value.

Port 22   #22端口，ssh服务默认端口
#AddressFamily any
ListenAddress 0.0.0.0  #所有ip都可以联通
#ListenAddress ::

#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key

# Ciphers and keying
#RekeyLimit default none

# Logging
#SyslogFacility AUTH
#LogLevel INFO

# Authentication:

#LoginGraceTime 2m
#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10
PermitRootLogin yes  #把上面那行相同的注释掉，新加一行，允许root账户登录

#PubkeyAuthentication yes

# Expect .ssh/authorized_keys2 to be disregarded by default in future.
#AuthorizedKeysFile	.ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys2

#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none

#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody

# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes

# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
PasswordAuthentication yes #允许使用密码登录
#PermitEmptyPasswords no

# Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with
# some PAM modules and threads)
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no

# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no

# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication.  Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
UsePAM yes

#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
X11Forwarding yes
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes
#PermitTTY yes
PrintMotd no
#PrintLastLog yes
#TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#UseDNS no
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10:30:100
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none
#VersionAddendum none

# no default banner path
#Banner none

# Allow client to pass locale environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*

# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem	sftp	/usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server

# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
#	X11Forwarding no
#	AllowTcpForwarding no
#	PermitTTY no
#	ForceCommand cvs server

重启ssh项目

sudo service ssh restart

使用ssh工具测试链接

成功

3、windows下docker-desktop的安装

官网下载docker-desktop的安装包，一定要确保第一步开启的windows功能都开启了

Download Docker Desktop | Docker   

正常软件安装流程

进入软件，点击小齿轮进入设置

勾选你安装的ubnutu

 

 更改镜像仓库地址，我使用的阿里云，网上也有好多，比如中科大等

{
  "debug": true,
  "experimental": false,
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://lcuu39wt.mirror.aliyuncs.com"
  ]
}

resource中可以更改docker镜像位置，推荐更改，不然c盘会占用很高

设置完之后，打开终端，输入docker ps

 就会发现docker和你的linux子系统已经连接起来了

4、配置wsl2新特性，一定要开，否则会出现内存泄漏，爆内存的情况

C:\Users\电脑用户名文件夹下新建一个.wslconfig文件

# Settings apply across all Linux distros running on WSL 2
[wsl2]

# Limits VM memory to use no more than 4 GB, this can be set as whole numbers using GB or MB
memory=8GB

# Sets the VM to use two virtual processors
processors=8

[experimental]
autoMemoryReclaim=gradual # 开启自动回收内存，可在 gradual, dropcache, disabled 之间选择
networkingMode=mirrored # 开启镜像网络
dnsTunneling=true # 开启 DNS Tunneling
firewall=true # 开启 Windows 防火墙
autoProxy=true # 开启自动同步代理
sparseVhd=true # 开启自动释放 WSL2 虚拟硬盘空间

重启wsl2或重启电脑生效

5、存在的问题及解决思路

ssh服务不会自动开启

解决思路：

重启ssh服务的命令，根据需要修改参数哦，可以写个cmd脚本放在windows自启动文件夹中，开机自己运行就不用每次输入了

C:\Users\用户名\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\ubuntu2004.exe run "sudo service ssh restart"