由于需要将Python3.7 和一些软件包交叉编译到 armv7 平台硬件,如果是arm64位的系统,很多包都有预编译好的版本,可直接下载。本文主要在基于 crossenv(https://github.com/benfogle/crossenv)
环境下交叉编译。
/home/ym/python-build
,创建 /home/ym/python-build/install
路径用于安装主机编译后的python, 创建路径/home/ym/python-build/install-arm
用于安装交叉编译的python。home/ym/python-build
, 并解压,下载路径https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tar.xz
Debian -> apt, Redhat -> yum
,我安装的版本是FROM ubuntu:18.04
ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai
ENV LANG=en_US.UTF-8
RUN sed -i -e 's|archive.ubuntu.com|mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn|g' \
-e 's|security.ubuntu.com|mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn|g' \
/etc/apt/sources.list
RUN apt update && apt install -y vim curl proxchains gcc \
build-essential crossbuild-essential-armhf \
libsdl1.2-dev xterm mesa-common-dev zstd liblz4-tool libffi-dev \
cmake libssl-dev bc device-tree-compiler flex bison libncurses-dev \
lzma liblzma-dev libbz2-dev gfortran libopenblas-dev liblapack-dev \
gfortran-arm-linux-gnueabihf
RUN rm -rf /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean
RUN mkdir -p /root/project
WORKDIR /root
CMD ["/bin/bash"]
docker build -f Dockerfile -t ubuntu:python .
python-build
映射至容器路径/root/project
路径下:docker run -v /home/ym/python-build/:/root/project -it ubuntu:python
./configure --prefix=/root/project/install && make && make install
# Adapted from https://github.com/japaric/cross
set -ex
INSTALL_DIR=/root/project/openssl
mkdir -p $INSTALL_DIR
main() {
local version=1.1.1l
local os=linux-armv4
local triple=arm-linux-gnueabihf-
local sysroot=$INSTALL_DIR
local dependencies=(
ca-certificates
curl
m4
make
perl
)
# NOTE cross toolchain must be already installed
apt-get update
for dep in ${dependencies[@]}; do
if ! dpkg -L $dep; then
apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y $dep
fi
done
td=$(mktemp -d)
pushd $td
[ -e ./openssl-$version.tar.gz ] || {
curl -L https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-$version.tar.gz -o ./openssl-$version.tar.gz
}
tar --strip-components 1 -xz -f ./openssl-$version.tar.gz
AR=${triple}ar CC=${triple}gcc ./Configure \
--prefix=${sysroot}/usr \
--openssldir=${sysroot}/usr \
shared \
no-asm \
$os \
-fPIC \
${@:4}
make -j$(nproc)
make install_sw
# clean up
popd
rm -rf $td
#rm $0
#cp /usr/local/arm/usr/lib/pkgconfig/* /usr/share/pkgconfig/
}
main "${@}"
https://xz.tukaani.org/xz-utils/#releases
cp -rfp libffi/* /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/
),并在 Python 配置选项中指定--with-system-ffi
参数,交叉编译时 Python 自动构建 ctypes 模块,测试发现通过 LIBS 变量指定不会生效。ac_cv_file__dev_ptc=no
ac_cv_buggy_getaddrinfo=no
ac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=no
make distclean
),运行下面脚本交叉编译目标版本 python-target(armv7),安装到路径/root/project/install-arm
#!/bin/sh
CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf
export CC=$CROSS_COMPILE-gcc
export CXX=$CROSS_COMPILE-g++
export AR=$CROSS_COMPILE-ar
export STRIP=$CROSS_COMPILE-strip
export LD=$CROSS_COMPILE-ld
export RANLIB=$CROSS_COMPILE-ranlib
export READELF=$CROSS_COMPILE-readelf
export PATH=$PATH:/root/project/install/bin
export CONFIG_SITE=/root/project/config.site
cd Python-3.7.2 && ./configure --enable-optimizations --with-openssl=/root/project/openssl/usr --with-system-ffi \
LDFLAGS="-L/root/project/bzip2-1.0.8 -L/root/project/zlib/lib -L/root/project/lzma/lib" \
LIBS="-lbz2 -lz -llzma" \
--host=arm-linux-gnueabihf \
--build=x86_64-linux-gnu \
--target=arm-linux-gnueabihf \
--disable-ipv6 \
--without-pydebug \
--without-dtrace \
--prefix=/root/project/install-arm
make -j4 && make install
到此如果编译过程中没有出错的话,交叉编译后的 python 应该可以直接在 目标板上工作了,在目标板上创建一个 python 目录,将 install-arm 中的文件全部拷贝至该路径中,构建一个软连接 ln -sf /python/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python
,然后在控制运行 python 查看是否正常:
1. 在主机环境下安装 crossenv
cd /root/project/install/bin
./pip3 install crossenv
2. 使用crossenv创建 python-target 编译的虚拟环境
./python3 -m crossenv /root/project/install-arm/bin/python3.7 cross_venv
3. 激活虚拟环境
. cross_venv/bin/activate
注意没有代理可使用国内镜像如 pip install xx -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com
4. 编译安装 numpy
build-pip -v install numpy
pip -v install numpy
5. 编译安装 pandas
build-pip -v install pandas
pip -v install pandas
注意pandas 依赖 dateutil,dateutil会使用目标板的时区信息,请检查目标板是否有 /usr/share/zoneinfo 和 /etc/localtime 文件,没有可能在导入 pandas 包时会报错,可将交叉编译后的 dateutil/zoneinfo/dateutil-zoneinfo.tar.gz 解压至 /usr/share/zoneinfo中,并创建软连接 ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
编译成功后可在 cross_venv/cross/lib/pythonVERSION/site-packages 路径下查看编译完后的包
其中包主要分两类:
1). package -> 对应包的实际文件
2). package-VERSION-dist-info -> 包的信息
6. 将对应的 package 拷贝到目标板 path/to/python/lib/pythonVERSION/site-package 路径下
/lib
的路径下。build-pip/pip
安装 Cython < 3 版本:1. 确认以下几个包已安装
apt-get install gfortran libopenblas-dev liblapack-dev -y
2. 安装 fortran 交叉编译工具
apt-get install gfortran-arm-linux-gnueabihf
3. 交叉编译 OpenBLAS-0.3.22
cd OpenBLAS-0.3.22 && make TARGET=ARMV7 HOSTCC=gcc BINARY=32 CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc FC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gfortran
make TARGET=ARMV7 PREFIX=/root/project/openblas install
#!/bin/bash
####################
# Script to build numpy and scipy wheels for ARM.
set -ex
OUTPUT=$PWD/output
WORKING=$OUTPUT/build
if [ ! -d "$WORKING" ];then
mkdir -p $WORKING
fi
GFORTRAN=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gfortran
OPENBLAS_INSTALL_DIR=$PWD/openblas
BUILD_PYTHON=$PWD/install/bin/python3
HOST_PYTHON=$PWD/install-arm/bin/python3
NUMPY_URL=https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/45/b7/de7b8e67f2232c26af57c205aaad29fe17754f793404f59c8a730c7a191a/numpy-1.21.6.zip
SCIPY_URL=https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a7/5c/495190b8c7cc71977c3d3fafe788d99d43eeb4740ac56856095df6a23fbd/scipy-1.3.3.tar.gz
NUMPY_VERSION=${NUMPY_URL##*/}
if [[ $NUMPY_VERSION =~ .zip* ]];then
NUMPY_DIR=${NUMPY_VERSION%%.zip*}
elif [[ $NUMPY_VERSION =~ .tar.gz* ]];then
NUMPY_DIR=${NUMPY_VERSION%%.tar.gz*}
fi
SCIPY_VERSION=${SCIPY_URL##*/}
SCIPY_DIR=${SCIPY_VERSION%%.tar.gz*}
PYPI_MIRROR="-i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com"
################################################################
# Set up crossenv
$BUILD_PYTHON -m pip install crossenv
CROSS_VENV=$PWD/install/bin/cross_venv
if [ ! -d "$CROSS_VENV" ];then
$BUILD_PYTHON -m crossenv $HOST_PYTHON $CROSS_VENV
fi
. $CROSS_VENV/bin/activate
pip install wheel $PYPI_MIRROR
BUILD_SITE=$PWD/install/bin/cross_venv/build/lib/python3.7/site-packages
CROSS_SITE=$PWD/install/bin/cross_venv/cross/lib/python3.7/site-packages
################################################################
# Host-numpy
# Install so we get the libnpymath.a in the right place.
if [ ! -f "$NUMPY_VERSION" ];then
curl -OL $NUMPY_URL
fi
if [ ! -d "$NUMPY_DIR" ];then
if [[ $NUMPY_VERSION =~ .zip* ]];then
unzip $NUMPY_VERSION
elif [[ $NUMPY_VERSION =~ .tar.gz* ]];then
tar xf $NUMPY_VERSION
fi
fi
cd $NUMPY_DIR
cat > site.cfg < $INI < site.cfg <
build-pip install -v scipy=1.3.3 -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com
build-pip install joblib==0.11 -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com
pip install joblib==0.11 -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com
build-pip install threadpoolctl==2.0.0 -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com
pip install threadpoolctl==2.0.0 -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com
build-pip install -v scikit-learn==1.0.2 --no-build-isolation -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com
pip install -v scikit-learn==1.0.2 --no-build-isolation -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com