翻译 Hazel 来源：九果树
大家好，我是彼得奥多诺休，
Hello, I am Peter O'Hanrahan ,
我想用几分钟和你们聊一聊这个工作坊
I'd like to talk to you for a few minutes about a workshop
本能和副型工作坊
Instincts and subtypes.
是我们九型人格职业培训计划的一部分。
That's part of our Enneagram Professional Training Program .
这个培训项目是由海伦帕尔默和戴夫丹尼尔斯博士于7年前创立的
This training program was started twenty seven years ago by Helen Palmer and Dr. Dave Daniels
并且
and
现在已经传播到了世界各地
It's now happening in many countries around the world .
这是一个两天的工作坊
This is a two-day workshop
是我们机构课程的一部分
That's part of our corporate curriculum
主要讲本能和副型的研究成果
the study of instincts and subtypes .
你们可能听说过
And as you may have heard
九种人格类型
there are nine Enneagram types
每一种人格都存在三种非常重要的“变体”，叫做副型。
and each of the nine types has these three very important variations called subtypes .
所以实际上九型包括二十七副型
so it was actually twenty seven subtypes
这给我们提供了大量的素材
So it's a lot of material .
这个工作坊是比较高阶的
It's not really a beginning workshop although people are welcome,
不过如果你了解一些九型人格
if they know something about Enneagram ,
了解一些人格类型，你是可以来参加的。
if they know something about the Enneagram type
这里我们主要观察的是副型
Here we really are looking at the variations
副型是由我们的“主导本能”发展来的
based on what we call the predominant instinct .
现在我们来讲讲生物的三种主要生存驱力
Now there are three major biological drives
也就是三大本能
Three major instincts
是我们人类固有的
which are part of all of us as human beings .
这些本能其实已经发展了几百万年了
These instincts have been developing for really millions of years
在人类物种的形成历史上就已经出现了
They go way way back in our history as a species .
当然，在现代社会中，这些本能拥有了不同的含义
and of course they are different now in a modern society .
它们最早都表现为生存本能
They began all as survival instincts
无论对于一个个体还是一个物种，这些本能对我们的生存都至关重要
really important for our survival as individuals and also as a species .
现在我们希望本能的功能不仅限于生存
Now we hope that they are about more than survival
我们就可以在方方面面
and we can actually work with them to develop them
发展它们
in a much more expanded way
自我保护本能是关于
Self preservation instinct is about
有足够的物质供应来维持生命。
having enough of the material supplies to support life .
是关于充足的食物，保暖的衣物和居住的屋子
It's about food, warmth and shelter
它是关于家的
It is about home
而在现代社会里，它是关于有足够的钱来过活。
In the modern day it's about having enough money to get by .
也是关于家庭的
It's also about family
我们与家人分享衣食住行的所有需要
and family starts relationships that we share the basic needs with
然而在现代社会中，自保本能还不限于此
In the modern world it's more than this
现代社会里，自保本能让我们
In the modern world it's also about
在高速公路旁建造起高楼大厦
constructing the buildings on the highways
让农民们种植食物。让交通运行
it's the farmers growing the food and it's transportation and
让银行和保险业发展起来
It's banking and insurance
自保本能关于人类文明的基础物质建设
It's about the material infrastructure of our civilizations
所以
So uh
自我保护本能实际上给予了我们生存的权利
And self preservation instinct is really about our right to be alive
让我们获取更多物质来维持生命
to have enough to sustain our life
维持物质生活
our physical life
保持身体营养充足
also physical nurture
这也很重要。
that's important too .
除此之外，它还关于
And then beyond this it's about
我们可以参与到资源的分配中
our participation in a world of resources and
如果你想的话，参与到社会的形成中
building a society if you will .
当然还有，参与到这个社会物质部分的构建中
and certainly the physical components in that society .
一对一的本能，
The one-to-one instinct ,
最初被称为性本能。
which was originally called the sexual instinct .
多一个术语更贴切
More terms are actually true but
只是，一对一本能的确是关于性的
It is certainly about sexuality .
但它不限于性，更是关于我们的一对一关系。
But it's more than this it's also about our one-to-one style in relationship.
我们与别人的一对一连接
So our one-to-one connection
一对一关于我们被爱
It's really about our right to be
被当做一个个体来爱的权利
loved to be seen in love as an individual .
确实，一对一本能关乎物种的生存，它和生育有关
Certainly it's about our survival as a species, you know, it's about procreation and
和生小孩有关
people having babies .
以及许许多多的后代
you know many many generations of children .
我们可以发现，一对一本能是性在多方多面的体现
It's about the celebration of our sexuality in many ways that can show up for us
不仅仅体现在亲密伴侣身上，还体现在我们的创造力上
both with an intimate partner but also in our creativity .
体现在我们追求个人卓越的努力中
in our drive for personal excellence
我们所做的事情中
in what we do and
有时，还在我们的修行中
sometimes often in our spiritual practice
就像生命力所迸发的某种张力。
Here goes like this certain kind of intensity of the life force .
那
So uh
第三种本能是社会本能。
The third instinct is the social instinct .
是关于我们参与到不同的团体
And this is about our participation in groups .
社会本能也是关于生存的，因为
This was also about survival because you know
在人类形成历史的早期
when we were early in the history of our species
似乎人类作为一个种族
It seems that one of the
能够存活下来，渡过存亡危机的原因就在于
reasons we were able to survive and make it through as a species
我们能够聚集在一起，形成团体，而且有许多强大的团体存在
was our ability to gather together in groups and that there were powering groups .
到了今天
Today
我们生活在一个非常复杂的现代世界里
we have a very complicated mordern world
而且
and
我们的社会本能引导我们参与其中
our social instinct guides our participation
成为群体的一部分
in this world where we are part of groups
社会本能是关于高度组织的团体，是有关社会结构的
It's really about organized groups. It's about social structures
而不是说我们有多少朋友
It is not so much about how many friends we have
而是说我们是社会一分子，我们属于社会群体。有关社会规范。
It's really about our membership, our belonging in social groups, our rule in the community .
有关别人怎么看待我们
How we are seen by others .
社会本能是关于归属权利的
It's about our right to belong .
从这方面讲，和另外两种本能一样，社会本能也是关于生存的
So on one hand it's like the other two instincts. It's about our survival
几乎没有人住在山洞或山里
There are very few people who live in the cave, in the mountains.
大多数人都是高组织社会的一部分
Most of us are part of organised society
或社区的一部分。
and part of our communities .
当然同样，社会本能也构建了一个纷繁复杂的现代世界
But it's also, of course, building a very complicated and complex modern world
我们每天都在使用这三种本能
We use all three of these instincts every day
我们从家里起床。
We get up in our homes .
照料自己，
We take care of ourselves ,
自保本能让我们保持着日常生活的节奏
Our self-preservation instinct is a line about our daily rhythms of
吃饭和睡觉
eating and sleeping
工作和锻炼
working and exercising
它让我们照顾自己
Its about our self-care and our self-nurture for ourselves
还有家庭成员。
and oftentimes our family members .
我们所有人
All of us
可能拥有亲密关系，拥有性关系。
We may have an intimate relationship, a sexual relationship .
但即使没有
But even if we don't ,
我们通常也会在一对一的基础上建立与某个人的关系
we usually have someone we connect with on a one-to-one basis
他可能是一个特殊朋友或者同事
a special friend or colleague
我们与这个人相视而望
where we looked directly at this person and
在这段关系中体验到了被看见、被了解的感觉
had the experience of being seen and recognized in that relationship .
我们每一天都会参与到团队中来
every day we participate in groups or
至少一天的大半时间，我们离开家
at least most days we leave our homes
到办公室或工作场所，和其他人在一起。
and we go to offices or workplaces where we're there with other people .
那我们拥有这三种本能
So we have these three instincts
每天都在用它们。
We use them every day .
但是九型人格指出，我们生活的范围非常广阔
But the Enneagram suggests that one of these instincts becomes more important
而其中一个本能会变得越来越重要
in the big scope of our lives
有时这种变化显而易见的
Sometimes this is obvious
有时却不那么明显
sometimes not so obvious
但九型人格认为，如果我们观察的范围更广一些
But Enneagram suggests that one of these instincts,
我们会看到其中某种本能的重要性
if we can see the big picture
已经超过另外两种本能了
that one of these instincts has become more important
这种本能会吸引我们更多的注意力
It gets more of our attention
我们把更多的时间和精力放在生活的这些方面。
We put more of our time and energy in one of these areas of life .
这个过程就会形成“副型”， 也就是本能副型
And so this gives us what's called subtype, the instinctual subtype .
所以
And so
尽管我们可能和旁边的人具有一样的人格类型。
even though we may be the same Enneagram type as the person next to us .
副型的差异仍然会很鲜明。
the subtype differences can really show up .
它们会经由我们去的地方，
They show up in terms of where we go,
对我们而言特别重要的活动和大型项目
you know what's really important
表现出来
to us in terms of our activity in our major projects .
副型也会体现在我们的关系模式中
It also shows up in our relationship style
因为不同副型呈现出很多不同的关系模式。
because subtypes have so many different relationship styles .
在这个工作坊里
In this workshop
我们把人们分成不同副型的小组
we get people together in subtype groups
如果你还不知道你是什么副型，你将有机会在工作坊中发现自己。
If you don't know your subtype, you have an opportunity to discover it in the workshop .
如果你不是很肯定（你的副型），那没关系
and if you are not sure, that's ok
因为真的，这就是一个探索的过程。
because really it's a process of exploration .
你不需要百分百确定
Nobody needs to be under percent sure
我们把大家分成副型的小组进行探索，那当自我保护的人还没来的时候
But we get people together in subtype groups and explore, so when self-preservation people haven't come
不考虑你的主型
aside from your Enneagram type
你会发现你的副型和其他人相同
what you have in common is subtype group
比如说社会副型和一对一副型
and the social subtypes and the one-to-one subtypes
那这就很有趣了
and this is really fun and interesting
人们会发现，大家彼此之间非常了解
when people realize, you know, we‘re understanding one another
都拥有某种特定的语言风格，特定的关系模式
We have certain kind of language, certain kind style of relationship
这些和其他两组人完全不同
It is different from those other two groups .
所以我们讲的是一个三种类型的知识体系
So here is a system of three
事实上，即使抛开九型人格
actually even without the Enneagram
基于三种“主导本能”，我们也会有一个三种本能的体系
we would have a system of three based on the predominant instinct
而当我们把本能和九种人格类型放在一起时，
When we put the instincts together with the nine Enneagram types,
我们就会形成一套对人类社会奇妙且复杂的观点
we have a wonderful and complex view of the human community
这9种人格类型
So the nine personality types
其实是九种性格结构
which are really nine in characters structures ,
那我们就有二十七种本能副型
But we have twenty seven instinctual subtypes
这让我们能真正看到并开始重视
This allows us to really see and value
可以被称之为生命的“二十七种道路”
what we could say as the twenty seven paths in life
人们根据对自己而言重要的事
the paths that people take
而选择的道路
based on what's most important to us
当然，更重要的是
What's important of course is to understand
要根据我们的主型和副型
how we may get caught in patterns
了解我们是如何陷入模式中的
according to our type and subtype
这些模式或习惯是如何出现在我们的生活中的
how those patterns or habits can show up in our lives and
我们要么学着检查哪些事是重要的，要么在模式里“睡着”
we can tend to check out or fall asleep on our priorities
所以
And so
人们很容易就会被模式掌控
it's easy to just be taken over someone by the patterns .
所以我们需要知道我们的模式是什么
and so we want to make sure that we know what are our patterns
这些模式又是如何反映真实的自我的呢？
and how do these patterns reflect our true selves?
这些行为是来自真实的自我吗？
Is this really authentic?
这个行为是出于我对事情重要程度的考虑，
Is this really reflect my priority or
还是我养成的习惯性反应？
is it something that i've just kind of fallen into a habit with
当然，我们认为重要的事是会变的
And of course our priorities can change
在我们生命的某一时期，我们所拥有的最重要的东西
what we had being really most important in one period of our life
在另一个时期可能就不那么重要了
may be somewhat different in another period .
所以根据这个二十七副型的观点，而不是九型人格的观点
And so with this view of not the Enneagram types but the twenty seven subtypes
我们可以确认我们的人生道路是什么
we can really identify what is our path
以及我们的人生道路是如何帮助我们的
and how does our path serve us
这条人生道路会如何反映真实的自我
How does it really reflect our authentic selves and
我们的道路什么时候
when does our path perhaps take a gun
让我们陷入习惯反应，或者说，让我们在模式里“睡着”。
you know, caught in habit or we've kind of fallen asleep in some way .
我非常喜欢这个方向的九型人格
I love this aspect in Enneagram
因为我觉得，它能帮我们看到每个人的生命
because I think it really helps us to see people's lives
每个人根据对自己重要的事情
The kind of the heroic journeys that we all make
所选择踏上的英雄之旅
based on what's really important to us ,
这些重要的事可能是家庭或工作
our family our work
可能是修行
our spiritual practice
九型人格能帮我们真正看到这些，讨论这些
to really see those and talk about those
并重视这些
and value those ,
同时还能引导我们不断回到对我们真正的重要的事情上来
and also be able to keep bringing ourselves back to what is our true priority here
回到对恢复真实自我真正有助益的事情上来
What's really serving my essential self
而不是仅仅被我人格类型的习惯性反应控制
as opposed to just getting caught in the habits of my personality type
还有另一部分内容，非常重要
There is another part of this. It's really important
工作坊中我们会讲得更详细一些
We go into this more lengthy during the workshop of course but
但我还是简单概括一下
just a quick overview .
大家知道，九型人格讨论了三个智慧中心，三个觉察中心，
As you know the Enneagram talks about three centers of intelligence, three centers of perception ,
也可以说脑区，心区和腹区
or head, heart and our body
而学习副型理论会帮我们
And what the understanding of subtype theory does for us
理解我们人格类型的“激情”
is it shows us how the passion of our type
也可以称作，人格类型的情绪习惯
we can say the emotional habit of our type
这种习惯是心中心的一种“收缩”反应引起的
It's the contraction of our heart center
我们的人格结构，每种人格结构都有特定的心中心的“收缩”方式或情感习惯
the way that our type structure, each of the nine type structures has particular contraction or emotional habit
这对于我们的个人成长和人际关系来说都很重要。
which is really important for our personal development and our relationships .
那九型人格体系指出，这种激情所导致的情感习惯
Now what the system sends to us is that this emotional habit of passion
是通过副型本能的活动来表达的
is expressed through the activity of our subtype .
所以就好像我们试图挣开，摆脱
And so it's as though we're trying to discharge, get rid of or
也可以说是和解
in some way reconcile
这些难以处理又令人难受的情感习惯
the really difficult and uncomfortable emotional habit
我们想为此做些什么
We try to do something with it and
而这些能量会进入副型本能的活动中
so it goes into our subtype activity .
而且，由此带来的问题是
And the problem with it is that it can actually distort
我们副型本能中为生命带来积极能量的方面会遭到扭曲
the really life-affirming aspect of our instincts in our subtype .
所以当恐惧，愤怒，悲伤或抗悲伤的种种情绪
So when the versions of fear, anger or grief or avoiding grief
经由副型本能的活动体现时
show up in our subtype activity ,
我们就会被带偏
it can start to take us off our course .
那举个例子，我是第8型
So for example as a type Eight
我的情绪习惯与愤怒有关，是愤怒这种激情的一个表现
my emotional habit is related to anger, which's one of the aspects of anger
当它出现在我的副型活动中
And when that shows up in my subtype activity
比如我的社会副型
for example socially
与社会本能有关的因素，伙伴关系和社会事业
the term for socially is social causes, friendship and social causes
对我来说都非常重要
and those are really important to me
而且给我的生活带来了很多价值。
in fact, bring a lot of value to my life .
但当愤怒的能量开始在这些重要领域出现时
But when my angry energy starts coming out in those areas .
就会带来大问题
it creates big problems
而我却不总能意识到问题所在
And i'm not always aware of that ,
我说，我没有生气。
I say, I am not being angry.
我只是在做对我很重要的事。
I'm just doing what's important to me.
我是太热情了！
I'm passionate about this stuff .
我没有意识到
I don't necessarily realize that
我其实在这项活动中借机表达了愤怒
I'm also somehow expressing my anger in this activity
我在用愤怒推开别人
and it's pushing other people away
没错，我能从人们那里得到了反馈
Of cause I do get feedback about that from people
但我会说：你这话什么意思？我没生气啊
But I am like what do you mean? i'm not being angry
我只是在这件事上比较严肃，我关心我的项目啊
I'm just being intense about my project in this case
这是我的事业
It's my social cause .
这很重要，因为在我们进行副型的活动时
So this is important because the emotional habit can
情感习惯会制造困难
make problems for us in our subtype activity
它与副型的活动密不可分的，即使我们看到也未必知道
which is mixed in, its closely mixed in and we don't know we see it
另一个问题是
The other issue here is that
为了改善副型模式
in order to work on our type structure .
我们必须直接面对我们的情感习惯
we really have to come directly to our emotional habit
我们必须时时把握性格的情感习惯
We've gotta get with emotional habit of our type
这是很难做到的
and that's hard to do
当我们通过副型活动释放或摆脱我们的情绪习惯时
And when we're discharging or getting rid of our emotional habit through our subtype activity
我们对所处的情绪状态是没有察觉的
we're not aware of our feeling state
我们必须要去理解，我心中心的特定的“收缩”方式是什么
we've gotta really come to terms with, you know, what is the contraction in my heart's center
它是如何影响我副型本能的正常表达
And how does that affect my expression of my subtype and
以及我的日常活动和我的关系风格的？
what I do in my daily life and my style in relationship .
但我们必须要能够与它们“在一起”
But we have to be able to get present to them
通过意识和呼吸的训练来进入我们的内在，去探索。
to come inside ourselves using the practice of awareness and breath to really,you know, explore.
与情感习惯在一起，我们才能对治它
and be present to our emotional habit so that we can work directly with it
情感习惯对于任何类型的自我成长都是至关重要的
The emotional habit is so crucial for any kind of self development
因为它给了我们动机
because it provides the motivation
是我们整个人格结构运行的燃料
It is the fuel for our whole type structure .
就像统领着全局
It's kind of like running the show .
所以即使我们一开始就通过头脑学习到了关于九型人格的知识
So even though we learn about the Enneagram at first through our minds .
我们也要把这种学习带到我们的心中心和身体中心
We've gotta bring our learning down to our heart center and our body centre
通过这种方式，九型人格才构成一个整体
And in this way the Enneagram is a holistic system ,
也就是说，我们可以同时修炼三个中心
meaning that we , we can work with all three centers at the same time
发展我们脑中心、心中心和腹中心的力量
work on developing in our minds, our hearts to our bodies
在这个两天的工作坊中
In this two-day workshop
我们会探索所有这些方面，花很多时间研究人版
we will explore all of this and we will spent a lot of time working with the panels
每个人都坐在各自类型的人版小组里，进行人版访谈。
doing panel interviewers, everybody sits on the panel of their type .
通过观察副型，来开始我们对这些类型的学习
and we get to open up our understanding of the types by seeing the subtype variations
并集中对二十七种副型的内在工作逐一指导
and also by focusing on what the innerwork is for each of the twenty seven subtypes.