简单句的五种基本句型典型例句由典例看简单句五种基本句型的高考备考
五种基本句型结构
一、句型1： Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) （谓语为不及物动词）
The redsun rises in the east.红彤彤的太阳从东方升起来。
Lucy andMaryget upearly every morning.露西和玛丽每天早上很早就起床。
Hisparents haveworkedin the company for ten years.
他的父母在这家公司工作十年了。
What hesaid does notmatter.他说的话不重要。
They hadtotravel byboat.他们不得不乘船旅行。
二、句型2：Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)
Our
English teacher is thirty years old.我们的英语老师30岁了。
The cake
tastes delicious.这个蛋糕吃起来很可口。
The
potatoes went bad in the field.土豆在地里就坏了。
They
seemed very happy together.他们在一起好像很幸福。
It gets
colder and colder.天气越来越冷了。
The
leaves have turned yellow. 树叶已经变黄了。
三、句型3：Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)（谓语为及物动词） ＋ Object (宾语)
He putthe dictionary in the backpack.
他把词典放进了背包里。
I saw her
just now and she was doing her homework in the classroom.我刚才看到她了,她正在教室做作业。
Theyhaven’t decided when and where to hold the party.
他们还没有决定什么时候、在哪儿举办这次聚会。
Shestopped teaching English two years ago.
她两年前就不教英语了。
Do you knowwhen he left for Beijing?
你知道他什么时候去的北京吗?
Motherpromised to give me a present.
母亲答应要给我一件礼物。
Would you
mind opening the window?打开窗户你介意吗?
注意：跟不定式to do 作宾语的动词有：
打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like)表祝愿(wish)
决定(decide)同意(agree)设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)
好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)
注意：常要求接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词有ask,
consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, know, learn,
remember, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
注意：只接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有
admit承认 appreciate感激 avoid避免 consider考虑
delay耽搁 dislike嫌恶 enjoy喜欢 escape避免 excuse原谅
fancy想不到 feellike意欲 finish完成 forgive原谅 give up放弃
cannot help情不自禁 imagine设想 include包括 keep保持
mention提及 mind介意 miss逃过 put off推迟 practice练习
resist抵制 risk冒险
四、句型4： Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)
Mr.Smithtaught us English last year.
史密斯先生去年教我们英语。
Grandmatold me an interesting story last night.
奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。
Would youplease pass me that dictionary?
=Wouldyou please pass that dictionary to me?
请你把那本词典递给我好吗?
He boughthis mother a new sweater with his first month’s salary.
=Hebought a new sweater for his mother with his first month’s salary.
他用第一个月的工资给母亲买了一件新毛衣。
注意：主语+谓语+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如果把表示物的直接宾
语放在表示人的间接宾语前,需要借助于介词to或for。to表示:朝着,向着,
对着;for表示:为(某人),替(某人)。
需要借助介词to的动词有:bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,promise,return,
send,show,teach,tell,write
等。
需要借助介词for的动词有:bring,buy,cook,find,get,make,order,save,spare
等。
五、句型5： Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)
If you let me go. I’ll make you king. (名词作宾补)
Leave the door
open. (形容词作宾补)
We found Li Ming
out when we arrived. (副词作宾补)
Make yourself at
home. (介词短语作宾补)
I saw a stranger
enter the building. (不定式作宾补)
The boss kept
them working all day. (现在分词作宾补)
Yesterday he had
his leg broken. (过去分词作宾补)