编写一个程序,测试输入年份是否为闰年,考虑输入不合法的情况。
实现判断闰年的功能很简单,只需要将输入字符串转换为数字,然后模运算判断。
1 public partial class Form1 : Form 2 { 3 public Form1() 4 { 5 InitializeComponent(); 6 } 7 8 private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 9 { 10 string messageStr = ""; 11 switch (CheckIfLeapYear()) 12 { 13 case 0: 14 messageStr = textBox1.Text + " is not leap year."; 15 break; 16 case 1: 17 messageStr = textBox1.Text + " is leap year."; 18 break; 19 } 20 MessageBox.Show(messageStr); 21 } 22 23 int CheckIfLeapYear() 24 { 25 int year; 26 year = int.Parse(textBox1.Text); 27 28 if (year == 0) 29 return 2; 30 if (year % 400 == 0) 31 return 1; 32 if (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) 33 return 1; 34 return 0; 35 } 36 }
如果输入含有非数字字符的话,以上的代码就会抛出异常。
解决方法很简单,在C#中可以使用try...catch...,或者TryParse。
1 public partial class Form1 : Form 2 { 3 public Form1() 4 { 5 InitializeComponent(); 6 } 7 8 private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 9 { 10 string messageStr = ""; 11 switch (CheckIfLeapYear()) 12 { 13 case 0: 14 messageStr = textBox1.Text + " is not leap year."; 15 break; 16 case 1: 17 messageStr = textBox1.Text + " is leap year."; 18 break; 19 case 2: 20 messageStr = textBox1.Text + " is not a number."; 21 break; 22 } 23 MessageBox.Show(messageStr); 24 } 25 26 int CheckIfLeapYear() 27 { 28 int year; 29 try 30 { 31 year = int.Parse(textBox1.Text); 32 } 33 catch (Exception e) 34 { 35 return 2; 36 } 37 if (year == 0) 38 return 2; 39 if (year % 400 == 0) 40 return 1; 41 if (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) 42 return 1; 43 return 0; 44 } 45 }
Parse、Convert这些函数能够简单高效地实现类型转换的功能,但是还是有问题存在。
就题目来说,输入的是一个年份,但是输入不一定是int能够装下的(我一直相信人类能够生存到超过32位有符号整数的年份)。如果输入一个超过int,甚至int64的年份,将字符串转换为某个数据类型就不合理了。
所以,应该手动判断字符串是否合法、输入年份是否为闰年。
1 public partial class Form1 : Form 2 { 3 public Form1() 4 { 5 InitializeComponent(); 6 } 7 8 private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 9 { 10 string messageStr = ""; 11 switch (CheckIfLeapYear()) 12 { 13 case 0: 14 messageStr = textBox1.Text + " is not leap year."; 15 break; 16 case 1: 17 messageStr = textBox1.Text + " is leap year."; 18 break; 19 case 2: 20 messageStr = textBox1.Text + " is not a number."; 21 break; 22 } 23 MessageBox.Show(messageStr); 24 } 25 26 int CheckIfLeapYear() 27 { 28 int last3Number = 0;//如果输入合法的话只有后三位是有用的 29 string str = textBox1.Text; 30 int s = 0; 31 bool allZero = true;//没有0这个年份,如果全是0的话不是闰年 32 if (str[0] == '-') 33 s = 1; 34 for (int i = s; i < str.Length; i++) 35 { 36 if (str[i] < '0' || str[i] > '9') 37 return 2; 38 if (str[i] != '0') 39 allZero = false; 40 if (str.Length - i <= 3) 41 last3Number = last3Number * 10 + (int)(str[i] - '0'); 42 } 43 if (allZero) 44 return 2; 45 if (last3Number % 400 == 0) 46 return 1; 47 if (last3Number % 4 == 0 && last3Number % 100 != 0) 48 return 1; 49 50 return 0; 51 } 52 }