二、mysql 优化-安装

安装mysql

1. 下载地址：mysql稳定版（GA版本）5.5.48   
2. 或者在我的网盘下载链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/139b4oWCS0YpSiL7pyd1JYA    提取码：lhy3                                                                                                                                                                             
   1. 把mysql安装包放在opt下，执行rpm安装命令，依次安装server和client
   2. 如果报MySQL-server-5.5.46-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm:Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY参考此篇博客 rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps解决
   3. mysqladmin --version 查看当前版本号 mysqladmin  Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.5.48, for Linux on x86_64
   4. 启动mysql服务 service mysql start
   5. 设置mysql密码：/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 123456
   6. 设置mysql开机自启动：chkconfig mysql on
   7. ntsysv查看时候设置成功  [*]代表开机启动
   8. linux种mysql常见目录及用途

      路径	解释	备注
      /var/lib/mysql/	mysql数据库文件的存放路径
      /usr/share/mysql	配置文件目录
      /usr/bin	相关命令目录
      /etc/my.cnf	mysql配置文件

   9. 设备mysql的编码格式utf8    文件my.cnf

      # Example MySQL config file for very large systems.
      #
      # This is for a large system with memory of 1G-2G where the system runs mainly
      # MySQL.
      #
      # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
      # locations which depend on the deployment platform.
      # You can copy this option file to one of those
      # locations. For information about these locations, see:
      # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
      #
      # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
      # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
      # with the "--help" option.
      
      # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
      [client]
      #password	= your_password
      port		= 3306
      socket		= /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
      #设置编码格式utf8 begin
      default-character-set=utf8 
      #设置编码格式utf8  end
      # Here follows entries for some specific programs
      
      # The MySQL server
      [mysqld]
      port		= 3306
      #设置编码格式utf8 begin
      character_set_server=utf8
      character_set_client=utf8
      collation-server=utf8_general_ci
      #设置编码格式utf8  end
      socket		= /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
      skip-external-locking
      key_buffer_size = 384M
      max_allowed_packet = 1M
      table_open_cache = 512
      sort_buffer_size = 2M
      read_buffer_size = 2M
      read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
      myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
      thread_cache_size = 8
      query_cache_size = 32M
      # Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
      thread_concurrency = 8
      
      # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
      # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
      # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
      # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
      # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
      # 
      #skip-networking
      
      # Replication Master Server (default)
      # binary logging is required for replication
      log-bin=mysql-bin
      
      # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
      # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
      # but will not function as a master if omitted
      server-id	= 1
      
      # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
      #
      # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
      # two methods :
      #
      # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
      #    the syntax is:
      #
      #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=, MASTER_PORT=,
      #    MASTER_USER=, MASTER_PASSWORD= ;
      #
      #    where you replace , ,  by quoted strings and
      #     by the master's port number (3306 by default).
      #
      #    Example:
      #
      #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
      #    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
      #
      # OR
      #
      # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
      #    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
      #    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
      #    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
      #    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
      #    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
      #    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
      #    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
      #    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
      #
      # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
      # (and different from the master)
      # defaults to 2 if master-host is set
      # but will not function as a slave if omitted
      #server-id       = 2
      #
      # The replication master for this slave - required
      #master-host     =   
      #
      # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
      # to the master - required
      #master-user     =   
      #
      # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
      # the master - required
      #master-password =   
      #
      # The port the master is listening on.
      # optional - defaults to 3306
      #master-port     =  
      #
      # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
      #log-bin=mysql-bin
      #
      # binary logging format - mixed recommended 
      #binlog_format=mixed
      
      # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
      #innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql
      #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:2000M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend
      #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql
      # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
      # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
      #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 384M
      #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M
      # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
      #innodb_log_file_size = 100M
      #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
      #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
      #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
      
      [mysqldump]
      quick
      max_allowed_packet = 16M
      
      [mysql]
      no-auto-rehash
      #设置编码格式utf8 begin
      default-character-set=utf8
      #设置编码格式utf8 end
      # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
      #safe-updates
      
      [myisamchk]
      key_buffer_size = 256M
      sort_buffer_size = 256M
      read_buffer = 2M
      write_buffer = 2M
      
      [mysqlhotcopy]
      interactive-timeout