WCF学习第一课

刚接触WCF，看了artech的WCF学习之旅（1），照着操作了一次，在进行IIS寄宿时，开始始终不成功。在完成之时写下这篇笔记。

首先编写契约(Contract)，代码如下：

using System.ServiceModel;

namespace xiaohai.WCFService.Contracts
{
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface ICalculator
    {
        [OperationContract]
        public double Add(double x, double y);

        [OperationContract]
        public double Substract(double x, double y);

        [OperationContract]
        public double Multiply(double x, double y);

        [OperationContract]
        public double Divide(double x, double y);
    }
}

接着实现服务（CalculatorService），代码如是：

using System.ServiceModel;
using xiaohai.WCFService.Contracts;

namespace xiaohai.WCFService.Services
{
    public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
    {
        public double Add(double x, double y)
        {
            return x + y;
        }
        public double Substract(double x, double y)
        {
            return x - y;
        }
        public double Multiply(double x, double y)
        {
            return x * y;
        }
        public double Divide(double x, double y)
        {
            return x / y;
        }
    }
}

之后就是寄宿。先使用自我寄宿，编写宿主程序，代码如下：

using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;
using xiaohai.WCFService.Contracts;
using xiaohai.WCFService.Services;

class Progaram
{
    static void Main()
    {
        using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService)))
        {
            host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ICalculator), new WSHttpBinding(), "http://localhost:8001/CalculatorService");
            if (host.Description.Behaviors.Find<ServiceMetadataBehavior>() == null)
            {
                ServiceMetadataBehavior behavior = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();
                behavior.HttpGetEnabled = true;
                behavior.HttpGetUrl = new Uri("http://localhost:8001/CalculatorService/Metadata");
                host.Description.Behaviors.Add(behavior);
            }
            host.Opened += delegate { Console.WriteLine("The Calculator Service is Opened ......"); };
            host.Open();
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

这是使用编程方式添加终结点，也可以使用应用程序的配置来添加终结点。配置的内容如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel >
    <services >
      <service name ="xiaohai.WCFService.Services.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration ="metadata">
        <endpoint address ="http://localhost:8001/CalculatorService" binding ="wsHttpBinding" 
                  contract ="xiaohai.WCFService.Contracts.ICalculator"/>
      </service>
    </services>
    <behaviors >
      <serviceBehaviors >
        <behavior name ="metadata">
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled ="true " httpGetUrl ="http://localhost:8001/CalculatorService/Metadata"/>
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

相应的代码调整为：

class Progaram
{
    static void Main()
    {
        using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService)))
        {
           
            host.Opened += delegate { Console.WriteLine("The Calculator Service is Opened ......"); };
            host.Open();
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

最后做的就是编写客户端：右键单击Client项目。选择“添加服务引用” ，运行宿主程序Hosting,输入元数据地址，并修改命名空间（如CalculatorClient）点确定即可。之后客户端的代码为：

using System;
using Client.CalculatorClient;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        using (CalculatorClient proxy = new CalculatorClient())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("x+y={2},When x={0} y={1}",1,2,proxy .Add (1,2));
            Console.WriteLine("x-y={2},When x={0} y={1}", 10, 2.1, proxy.Substract (10, 2.1));
            Console.WriteLine("x*y={2},When x={0} y={1}", 9.9, 5.5, proxy.Multiply (9.9, 5.5));
            Console.WriteLine("x/y={2},When x={0} y={1}", 10, 2.8, proxy.Divide (10, 2.8));
            Console.ReadLine();

        }
    }
}

当然。客户端也可以使用配置的方法，配置可以为：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel >
    <client >
      <endpoint address ="http://localhost:8001/CalculatorService" binding ="wsHttpBinding"
                contract ="xiaohai.WCFService.Contracts.ICalculator"  name ="calculator"/>

    </client>
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

相应的客户端的代码可以为：

using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using xiaohai.WCFService.Contracts;
class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        using (ChannelFactory<ICalculator >  channel =new ChannelFactory<ICalculator>("calculator"))
        {
            ICalculator proxy = channel.CreateChannel();
            Console.WriteLine("x+y={2},When x={0} y={1}",1,2,proxy .Add (1,2));
            Console.WriteLine("x-y={2},When x={0} y={1}", 10, 2.1, proxy.Substract (10, 2.1));
            Console.WriteLine("x*y={2},When x={0} y={1}", 9.9, 5.5, proxy.Multiply (9.9, 5.5));
            Console.WriteLine("x/y={2},When x={0} y={1}", 10, 2.8, proxy.Divide (10, 2.8));
            Console.ReadLine();

        }
    }
}

以上是通过自我寄宿的方法进行。还可以通过IIS寄宿。

首先在IIS中新建虚拟目录。假设虚拟目录就设置为Service项目所在文件夹中。在Services文件中新建一个配置文件命名为web.config

其内容为：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel >
    
    <services >
      <service name ="xiaohai.WCFService.Services.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration ="metadata" >
        <endpoint binding ="wsHttpBinding" contract ="xiaohai.WCFService.Contracts.ICalculator" />
      </service>
    </services>
    <behaviors >
      <serviceBehaviors >
        <behavior name ="metadata">
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled ="true" />
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
  </system.serviceModel>
  <system.webServer>
    <directoryBrowse enabled ="true"/>
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>

在同一目录下新建一个名为MyServices.svc的文件。其内容为 <%@ServiceHost Service="xiaohai.WCFService.Services.CalculatorService" %>

现在修改客户端的配置为：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel >
    <client >
      <endpoint address ="http://localhost:9999/MyServices.svc" binding ="wsHttpBinding"
                contract ="xiaohai.WCFService.Contracts.ICalculator"  name ="calculator"/>

    </client>
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

到此为止IIS寄宿完成。

另外在WCF 4.0中可以省略svc文件的建立。只用把web.config修改为：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel >
    <serviceHostingEnvironment >
      <serviceActivations >
        <add relativeAddress ="MyService.svc" service ="xiaohai.WCFService.Services.CalculatorService"/>
      </serviceActivations>
    </serviceHostingEnvironment>
    <services >
      <service name ="xiaohai.WCFService.Services.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration ="metadata" >
        <endpoint binding ="wsHttpBinding" contract ="xiaohai.WCFService.Contracts.ICalculator" />
      </service>
    </services>
    <behaviors >
      <serviceBehaviors >
        <behavior name ="metadata">
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled ="true" />
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
  </system.serviceModel>
  <system.webServer>
    <directoryBrowse enabled ="true"/>
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>

需要注意的是：在没有.svc文件的情形下，应该在IIS中选择添加应用程序而不是选择虚拟目录。在有.svc文件的条件下。选择添加虚拟目录。还有在网站的基本设置中修改应用程序池为 Asp .net 4.0 而不是DefaultAppPool。