linux系统下vscode portable版本的c++/Cmake环境搭建001

• 目的：希望在获得一个新的系统之后，以最简便的方式搭配一个能够运行与调试c++的编程环境

vscode portable 安装

• https://code.visualstudio.com/Download

• download code-stable-x64.tar.gz from https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/?dv=linux64

// 检测VSCode-linux-x64文件夹是否存在，否则解压code-stable-x64.tar.gz
// vi install_vscode.sh

#!/bin/bash
# 检查VSCode-linux-x64文件夹是否存在
vscode_folder="VSCode-linux-x64"

if [ -d "$vscode_folder" ]; then
    echo "VSCode-linux-x64 folder already exists."
else
    # 如果文件夹不存在，则解压code-stable-x64.tar.gz
    tar -xzvf code-stable-x64*.tar.gz
    
    # 或者使用以下命令解压（根据实际情况选择）
    # tar -xzvf code-stable-x64.tar.gz -C /your/installation/path
    
    echo "VSCode-linux-x64 folder extracted successfully."
fi

• bash ./install_vscode.sh
  

安装基本工具

安装 build-essential

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential # build-essential 是一个包，它包含了构建软件所需的基本工具，包括 gcc-9,libstdc++-9-dev,g++-9,make (4.2.1-1.2)。

• 我的系统中默认安装了gdb

kubuntu@kubuntu:/media/kubuntu/系统$ gdb -v
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 9.2-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) 9.2
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later 
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
kubuntu@kubuntu:/media/kubuntu/系统$ cmake -version
Command 'cmake' not found, but can be installed with:
sudo apt install cmake
kubuntu@kubuntu:/media/kubuntu/系统$ g++ -v
Command 'g++' not found, but can be installed with:
sudo apt install g++
kubuntu@kubuntu:/media/kubuntu/系统$ gcc -v
Command 'gcc' not found, but can be installed with:
sudo apt install gcc

安装 CMake

• 去https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/下载需要版本的命令文件，比如wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.26.3/cmake-3.26.3-linux-x86_64.sh

// vi install_cmake.sh

#!/bin/bash

# 检测是否存在CMake命令，使用 command -v 命令来检查是否存在 cmake 命令。如果存在，command -v 会返回 0，否则返回非零值。
if command -v cmake &> /dev/null; then
    echo "CMake is already installed. Version: $(cmake --version | head -n1)"
else
    echo "CMake is not installed on this system."
    ./cmake-3.26.3-linux-x86_64.sh --skip-licence --prefix=/usr
	# 将CMake添加到PATH环境变量
	# 暂时添加：export PATH="/usr/cmake-3.26.3-linux-x86_64/bin:$PATH"
	echo 'export PATH="/usr/cmake-3.26.3-linux-x86_64/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
	source ~/.bashrc
fi

final script code

// vi final_install_vscode.sh

#!/bin/bash
# 检查VSCode-linux-x64文件夹是否存在
vscode_folder="VSCode-linux-x64"

if [ -d "$vscode_folder" ]; then
    echo "VSCode-linux-x64 folder already exists."
else
    # 如果文件夹不存在，则解压code-stable-x64.tar.gz
    tar -xzvf code-stable-x64*.tar.gz
    
    # 或者使用以下命令解压（根据实际情况选择）
    # tar -xzvf code-stable-x64.tar.gz -C /your/installation/path
    
    echo "VSCode-linux-x64 folder extracted successfully."
fi

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential

# 检测是否存在CMake命令，使用 command -v 命令来检查是否存在 cmake 命令。如果存在，command -v 会返回 0，否则返回非零值。
if command -v cmake &> /dev/null; then
    echo "CMake is already installed. Version: $(cmake --version | head -n1)"
else
    echo "CMake is not installed on this system."
    # 暂时添加：export PATH="/usr/cmake-3.26.3-linux-x86_64/bin:$PATH"
    ./cmake-3.26.3-linux-x86_64.sh --skip-licence --prefix=/usr
     echo " go ro run final_add_path.sh "
fi

// vi final_add_path.sh

#!/bin/bash
echo $PATH
echo 'export PATH="/usr/cmake-3.26.3-linux-x86_64/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
echo $PATH

安装插件

CMake Tools & cmake

C/C++ Extension Pack

Test

settings,json

• 只需要简单配置settings,json即可

// settings,json
{
    "files.associations": {
        "iostream": "cpp"
    },

    "cmake.cmakePath": "/usr/cmake-3.26.3-linux-x86_64/bin/cmake"
}

CMakeLists.txt

• 可以直接使用工具创建： F1->CMAKE QUICK START
  

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.0)
project(TEST VERSION 0.1.0 LANGUAGES C CXX)

include(CTest)
enable_testing()

add_executable(TEST main.cpp)

set(CPACK_PROJECT_NAME ${PROJECT_NAME})
set(CPACK_PROJECT_VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION})
include(CPack)

• 或者手动创建

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
project(my_project)

# 添加可执行文件
add_executable(my_project main.cpp)

调试和运行工具

• 只需要左下角的几个按键即可
  
• 调试效果：

CG

• 如果按照以往的F5调试方案，会报错：The “cmake” debug type with “cmakeDebugType” set to “script” requires you to define a “scriptPath” that points to a CMake script. 需要将 launch.json 进行如下配置：

{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "使用 CMake 调试",
      "type": "cmake",
      "request": "launch",
      "program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/your_executable",  // 替换为你的可执行文件的路径
      "args": [],
      "stopAtEntry": false,
      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
      "environment": [],
      "externalConsole": false,
      "preLaunchTask": "cmake",
      "setupCommands": [
        {
          "description": "启用 GDB 的漂亮打印",
          "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
          "ignoreFailures": true
        }
      ],
      "cmake": {
        "cacheVariables": {
          "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Debug"
        },
        "buildDirectory": "${workspaceFolder}/build"
      },
      "cmakeDebugType": "script",
      "scriptPath": "${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/cmake-debugger.py"  // 替换为你的 CMake 调试脚本的路径
    }
  ]
}