1 引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句(that, whether, if)
2 引导状语从句(时间-since, when ;理由-because ;条件-if,让步-though, although;结果-so that;比较as...as...)
3 引导主语、宾语、表语从句等的从属连词
3-1 引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句等的连词,主要有that,whether, if等
Whether he will come or not is still unknown.
(whether 引导主语从句)
他是否会来还不得而知
He said that he had a very good journey home.
(that 引导宾语从句)
他说他回家的旅行很顺利
Her hope is that she will become a doctor.
(that引导表语从句)
她的希望就是将来成为一位医生、
4 引导状语从句的从属连词
根据其意义和作用,引导状语从句的连词大致可分为:
4-1 说明时间的连词。常用的有after, before, as, since, until, while,when, as soon as等
I went to bed after I finished my homework.
我做完作业就睡觉了
Don't say that before you look at the picture.
在你看到图像前先别那样说
When she reached home, she had a short rest.
当她到家时,她稍微休息了一下
Go on until you see a bookshop on the right.
一直向前走,直到你看见在右边的一家书店
4-2 说明原因或理由的连词,常用的有because等
Young people like this time of year, because it is good for sports.
年轻人喜欢一年中这个时节,因为对运动有好处。
The children went to the farm, because the farmers needed help.
孩子们去了农场,因为农夫们需要帮助。
4-3 表示条件,引导条件状态从句的从属连词。常用的有if 等
If you eat unclean food, you may be ill.如果你吃了不干净的食物,你会生病的。
If you cut in line, other people will not be pleased.如果你插队,别人会不高兴的。
4-4 表示让步的意义,引导让步状态从句的从属连词。常用的有though,although等。
Though I like writing to my pen pal, it takes a lot of time.
虽然我喜欢写信给我的笔友,但这要花很多时间。
Although Australia is very large, the population is very small.
虽然澳大利亚面积很大,人口却很少。
4-5 表示结果,引导结果状态从句的从属连词。常用的有so ⋯ that, so that 等
He became so angry that he couldn’t speak. 他气得说不出话来
He ran so quickly that he won the race. 他跑得那么快,以至于他比赛获胜。
4-6表示比较,引导状态从句的从属连词。常用的有as...as, so...as, than等。
Ann jumped farther than Lily.安跳得比莉莉远
English is not so dififcult as math. 英语没有数学那么难学
5 几个连词的用法区别
5-1 because,though,but
在中文里,我们常用“因为……所以……”“虽然……但是……”,但是在英语句子里,because和so,though和but都只能用其中一个,这点,我们一定要牢记。这是因为because和though是从属连词,so和but是并列连词,他们不能并用。
Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school. 因为他病了,所以他没有去上学。
Though we only stayed there for a few days, we had a great time.
虽然我们待在那里只有几天,( 但是)我们过得很愉快
He doesn't like writing letters, but he likes receiving them. (虽然)他不喜欢写信,但是他喜欢收到信。
5-2 when,while
它们既是并列连词(连接并列分句),也是从属连词引导从句。区别是:它们作并列连词时,引导的句子不能放在句首,只能放在句末,在它们的前面一般要用逗号隔开,它们作从属连词时,引导的句子可放在句首,也可放在句末。when, while 作并列连词时,意思分别为“在这那时”,而作从属连词时分别是“何时、当……时”和……同时”之意。
We were about to go when it began to rain. 我们正要走时,天空就下起雨了
(when 是并列连词,作“就在这时”讲)
When she knocked at the door, I was watching TV. 当她敲门时,我正在看电视。
(when 是从属连词,作“当……时”讲)
She always sings in a low voice while she is working. 她总是一边工作,一边低声唱歌。
(while是从属连词,作“当……时”讲)
Tom can't have chicks, while hens can.汤姆不能孵出小鸡,而母鸡却能。
(while是并列连词,作“而、然而”讲)
6 容易犯错的句子
6-1 There is no air and water on the moon. (and换成or才正确)
在月球上没有空气和水
连词and用在肯定句中,连接对等的词或短语;在否定句中应用连词or连接对等的词或短语。
6-2 Mother bought me a present, and I didn’t like it. (and换成but才正确)
妈妈买给我一件礼物,但我不喜欢。
根据句意,应用表示转折语气的连词
6-3 让我们移开那块石头,否则可能会有意外发生。
Let's move that stone, and there may be an accident. 错误
Let's move that stone, or there may be an accident.正确
在句型“祈使句+ and/then +简单句and或then表示肯定的条件如果表示否定的条件,则用or不用and,
6-4 你和我都不对
Both you and I are not right.错误
Neither you nor I am right.正确
both...and... 用在肯定句中,意思是“两者都……”,表示“两者都不……”,应用neither...nor...
6-5 他直到做完作业才睡觉
He went to bed until he finished his homework.错误
He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.正确
表示“直到……才……”应用“not...until该句中主句的动词为非延续性动词,表示这一动作到何时才发生。