Linux分区管理 永久挂载(推荐)&临时挂载
本文采用Linux版本为CentOS 7.4,下文涉及的命令均采用root用户执行,数据无价,请谨慎操作!
介绍
前段时间受限电影响,公司的测试服务器在周末停电,部分测试服务器重启后找不到项目文件,排查发现是因为采用的临时挂载的方式挂载的新硬盘,重新挂载后恢复正常。
分区情况
使用fdisk查看当前分区情况
读取到/dev/sda和/dev/sdb两块硬盘,/dev/mapper/vgdisk-root及/dev/mapper/vgdisk-swap为逻辑卷,对应/dev/sda下的/dev/sda2及/dev/sda3
[root@kfb1 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000515f8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 125829119 62401536 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 125829120 209715199 41943040 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/vgdisk-root: 102.6 GB, 102550732800 bytes, 200294400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/vgdisk-swap: 4290 MB, 4290772992 bytes, 8380416 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
使用df命令获取当前磁盘使用情况
/dev/sdb未进行挂载
[root@kfb1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vgdisk-root 96G 7.7G 88G 9% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 198M 1.7G 11% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 171M 327M 35% /boot
tmpfs 378M 12K 378M 1% /run/user/42
永久挂载(推荐)
新建挂载目录,必须为空目录
[root@kfb1 ~]# cd /
[root@kfb1 /]# mkdir apps
编辑/etc/fstab文件
[root@kfb1 /]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Dec 19 13:49:44 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vgdisk-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=b00f5375-e726-45e0-8d4e-a439bd2c4805 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/vgdisk-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
新增一条记录
其中:/dev/sdb为未进行挂载的硬盘,/apps为新建的挂载目录,其他参数可根据已有的root记录填写
/dev/sdb /apps xfs defaults 0 0
使用mount命令刷新/etc/fstab文件
[root@kfb1 ~]# mount -a
重新执行df命令,可发现挂载成功
[root@kfb1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vgdisk-root 96G 7.7G 88G 9% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 198M 1.7G 11% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 171M 327M 35% /boot
tmpfs 378M 12K 378M 1% /run/user/42
/dev/sdb 400G 346G 55G 87% /apps
临时挂载(不推荐)
临时挂载方式重启后即取消挂载(数据不会丢失,重新挂载即可),不推荐,仅供参考
新建挂载目录,必须为空目录(同上)
[root@kfb1 ~]# cd /
[root@kfb1 /]# mkdir apps
直接使用mount命令进行挂载
其中:/dev/sdb为未进行挂载的硬盘,/apps为新建的挂载目录
[root@kfb1 /]# mount /dev/sdb /apps
重新执行df命令,可发现挂载成功
[root@kfb1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vgdisk-root 96G 7.7G 88G 9% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 198M 1.7G 11% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 171M 327M 35% /boot
tmpfs 378M 12K 378M 1% /run/user/42
/dev/sdb 400G 346G 55G 87% /apps
使用umount命令手动卸载
[root@kfb1 /]# umount /apps
重新执行df命令,已成功卸载
[root@kfb1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vgdisk-root 96G 7.7G 88G 9% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 198M 1.7G 11% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 171M 327M 35% /boot
tmpfs 378M 12K 378M 1% /run/user/42