长难句精讲6、7：状语从句

• eg: I got up late.
  I was late for school.
• ==Because== I got up late, I was late for school. （原因 状语从句）
• I got up late, ==so== I was late for school.（结果状语从句）
• 状语从句=简单句 + 逻辑连接词（九种） + 简单句

状语从句常用逻辑关系词

When / while（用在句首表示虽然，句中表示但是） / as / as soon as / until/ if / although / as if / because / so / unless /

• as
• as...as..比较级概念：...和...一样
  • 特殊的三个结构
    • He is as intelligent as（而） his brother is ++diligent++（勤奋）
    • 他很聪明而他的弟弟很勤奋
    • The method is as practical as meaningful.（既...又...）
    • 这个方法既实用又有意义
    • The question is as difficult as difficult can be.（相当难）
    • 这个问题相当难
• as+单词：作为
  • as the part of exchange of duties and entitlements
• as+句子
  • 当，随着
    • As winter comes，is not spring far away？冬天已经来了春天还会远吗？
    • As time goes by随着时间的流逝
    • As the night falls随着夜幕的降临
    • as+时间相关：随着，当
  • 就像
    • just as/as we know/as is known to us all/as we expect/as is expected
    • 一般用于比较固定的搭配
  • 虽然
    • Although I am young=Young as I am
    • Although I am a child=Child as I am
    • Although I may fail=Fail as I may
    • 当as处于句子的第2个位置翻译为虽然
  • 因为
    • 除了之前的三种情况外
• if
• 当情况有可能发生→主将从现
  • if it rains tomorrow ，I will stay at home.
• 当不可能发生，与事实相反→虚拟语气
  与现在相反

时间	主句	从句
与现在相反	be→were过去式	would+动词原形
与过去相反	had+过去分词	would+have done

• if I were you，I would help him.
• if I had wings，I would fly over the sea to see you.
• if you had come to my birthday party，you would had seen Yaoming.

状语从句的省略

• 分词作状语

  • （the school）==Seen== from the hill, the school looks beautiful.
  • When the school is seen from the hill，the school looks beautiful.
  • （we are） Given more time，we can do it well
  • 状语从句中，前后主从句主语 一致，可省略从句主语，后面 的动词发生形式变化， 主动语 态变成ing形式，被动语态保 留过去分词。
  • When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.
  • Seeing the cat，the mouse ran off.
  • (I were)Given more time, I would be able to complete it.
  • Reading the letter, she burst out crying.
  • she read the letter, she burst out crying.

• 另：分词短语做状语时，可以保留相应的连词→为了让句子更加清晰合理

  • After having annoyed everybody, he went home.
  • Although exhausted by the walk, he continued his journey.

• 练习

  • When （we）==comparing== different cultures, we often pay attention only
    to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
  • （we are）Faced ==with== so much trouble, we ++failed to++（未能） complete the task on time
  • （we）Facing so much trouble, we ++failed to++（未能） complete the task on time
    • be faced with sth=face sth 面对...
  • （companies）Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to ++anticipate++（预期） every possible accident.
  • （Whorf）Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.

• 独立主格结构

  • if time permits，we can do it well.
  • Time permitting,we can do it well.