Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/transportation-research-part-d-transport-and-environment

Aims and scope 目标和范围

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment publishes original research on the environmental impacts of transportation, policy responses to those impacts, and their implications for the design, planning, and management of transportation systems. It covers all aspects of the interaction between transportation and the environment. For example, it includes papers ranging in their coverage from the local and immediate effects of transportation networks on the environments of specific geographical areas, to the widest global implications of natural resource depletion and atmospheric pollution.
《交通研究D部分：交通与环境》发表了关于交通对环境的影响、对这些影响的政策应对措施及其对交通系统设计、规划和管理的影响的原创研究。它涵盖了交通与环境之间相互作用的所有方面。例如，它包括涵盖范围广泛的论文，从运输网络对特定地理区域环境的局部和直接影响，到自然资源枯竭和大气污染的最广泛的全球影响。

The journal invites submissions of research papers on all modes of transportation, including maritime and air transportation as well as land transportation, and considers their impacts on the environment in the broad sense. Papers dealing with both mobile aspects and transportation infrastructure are considered. The emphasis of the journal is on empirical findings and policy responses of a regulatory, planning, technical or fiscal nature. Articles are primarily policy-driven and should be relevant and applied as well as being accessible to readers from a wide range of disciplines. There are no disciplinary boundaries to work considered and submissions of an interdisciplinary nature are welcomed. Equally, the journal is fully international in its orientation and invites contributions from economically developing, as well as more economically advanced, countries.
该杂志邀请提交关于所有运输方式的研究论文，包括海运和空运以及陆运，并从广义上考虑它们对环境的影响。考虑了涉及移动方面和交通基础设施的论文。该杂志的重点是监管、规划、技术或财政性质的实证发现和政策反应。文章主要是政策驱动的，应该具有相关性和应用性，并且能够为来自不同学科的读者所接受。考虑的工作没有学科界限，欢迎跨学科性质的提交。同样，该杂志的定位完全是国际性的，并邀请经济发展中国家以及经济较发达的国家投稿。

TRD includes a section focusing on Disasters and Resilience with its own dedicated Section Editors. Transportation plays a critical role in the resilience of communities. Disasters are unexpected, low probability events which can overwhelm the capacity of systems to function and provide vital services supporting human health, environmental quality, and economic and social livelihoods. Transportation systems are essential to effective disaster response, relief, recovery, and mitigation. This section of TRD encourages transportation researchers from multiple disciplines to address the critical ways in which transportation science and the supporting theories, methods, and tools can be applied to increase societal resilience against all hazards, both natural and man-made.
TRD 包括一个专注于灾害和复原力的部分，并有自己专门的章节编辑器。交通在社区的复原力中起着至关重要的作用。灾害是意想不到的、低概率的事件，它们可能使系统无法运作和提供支持人类健康、环境质量以及经济和社会生计的重要服务。交通系统对于有效的救灾、救灾、恢复和减灾至关重要。TRD 的这一部分鼓励来自多个学科的交通研究人员解决交通科学和支持理论、方法和工具可用于提高社会对所有自然和人为危害的复原力的关键方式。

Guide for authors 作者指南

Introduction 介绍
Transportation Research Part D
交通研究D部分: Transport and Environment publishes original research on the environmental impacts of transportation, policy responses to those impacts, and their implications for the design, planning, and management of transportation systems. It covers all aspects of the interaction between transportation and the environment. For example, it includes papers ranging in their coverage from the local and immediate effects of transportation networks on the environments of specific geographical areas, to the widest global implications of natural resource depletion and atmospheric pollution.
：《交通与环境》发表关于交通对环境影响的原创研究，对这些影响的政策应对，以及它们对交通系统设计、规划和管理的影响。它涵盖了交通与环境之间相互作用的所有方面。例如，它包括涵盖范围广泛的论文，从运输网络对特定地理区域环境的局部和直接影响，到自然资源枯竭和大气污染的最广泛的全球影响。
The journal invites submissions of research papers on all modes of transportation, including maritime and air transportation as well as land transportation, and considers their impacts on the environment in the broad sense. Papers dealing with both mobile aspects and transportation infrastructure are considered. The emphasis of the journal is on empirical findings and policy responses of a regulatory, planning, technical or fiscal nature. Articles are primarily policy-driven and should be relevant and applied as well as being accessible to readers from a wide range of disciplines. There are no disciplinary boundaries to work considered and submissions of an interdisciplinary nature are welcomed. Equally, the journal is fully international in its orientation and invites contributions from economically developing, as well as more economically advanced, countries.
该杂志邀请提交关于所有运输方式的研究论文，包括海运和空运以及陆运，并从广义上考虑它们对环境的影响。考虑了涉及移动方面和交通基础设施的论文。该杂志的重点是监管、规划、技术或财政性质的实证发现和政策反应。文章主要是政策驱动的，应该具有相关性和应用性，并且能够为来自不同学科的读者所接受。考虑的工作没有学科界限，欢迎跨学科性质的提交。同样，该杂志的定位完全是国际性的，并邀请经济发展中国家以及经济较发达的国家投稿。

Submission checklist 提交清单
You can use this list to carry out a final check of your submission before you send it to the journal for review. Please check the relevant section in this Guide for Authors for more details.
您可以使用此列表对您的投稿进行最终检查，然后再将其发送给期刊进行审核。请查看本作者指南中的相关部分，了解更多详情。
Ensure that the following items are present:
确保存在以下项目：

One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:
一位作者被指定为通讯作者，联系方式如下：
• E-mail address • 电子邮件地址
• Full postal address
• 完整的邮寄地址

All necessary files have been uploaded:
所有必要的文件都已上传：
Manuscript: 手稿：
• Include keywords • 包括关键字
•The Manuscript File size may not exceed 15MB, submissions be double-spaced and with 12pt font.
•稿件文件大小不得超过15MB，投稿为双倍行距，字体为12pt。
•All figures (include relevant captions)
•所有图表（包括相关标题）
• All tables (including titles, description, footnotes)
• 所有表格（包括标题、描述、脚注）
• Ensure all figure and table citations in the text match the files provided
• 确保文本中的所有图形和表格引用都与提供的文件匹配
• Indicate clearly if color should be used for any figures in print
• 清楚地指出是否应将颜色用于打印中的任何图形
Graphical Abstracts / Highlights files (where applicable)
图形摘要/突出显示文件（如适用）
Supplemental files (where applicable)
补充文件（如适用）

Further considerations 其他注意事项
• Manuscript has been ‘spell checked’ and ‘grammar checked’
• 稿件已“拼写检查”和“语法检查”
• All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text, and vice versa
• 参考文献列表中提到的所有参考文献均在正文中引用，反之亦然
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet)
• 已获得使用来自其他来源（包括互联网）的受版权保护材料的许可
• A competing interests statement is provided, even if the authors have no competing interests to declare
• 即使作者没有要声明的竞争利益，也要提供竞争利益声明
• Journal policies detailed in this guide have been reviewed
• 本指南中详述的期刊政策已经过审查
• Referee suggestions and contact details provided, based on journal requirements
• 根据期刊要求提供推荐建议和联系方式

For further information, visit our Support Center.
有关更多信息，请访问我们的支持中心。

Usage of abbreviations and acronyms
缩写词和首字母缩略词的用法
Guidance on the use of abbreviations and acronyms
缩略语和缩略语使用指南
A recent trend in submissions is the increasing use of abbreviations and acronyms. Overuse can impose a burden on reviewers and ultimately readers of the journal. Our rules on their usage are as follows:
提交材料的最新趋势是越来越多地使用缩写和首字母缩略词。过度使用会给审稿人带来负担，并最终给期刊的读者带来负担。我们的使用规则如下：
All acronyms and abbreviations must be defined in parentheses after first usage in the text. If used in the abstract, these must also be defined and must be defined again in text.
所有首字母缩略词和缩写词必须在文本中首次使用后在括号中定义。如果在摘要中使用，这些也必须定义，并且必须在文本中再次定义。
Acronyms and abbreviations are acceptable for:
首字母缩略词和缩写词可用于：
a.Abbreviations of government agencies, e.g. DOT, EPA, EU, DfT, etc. but must always be defined on first usage.
a.政府机构的缩写，例如DOT、EPA、EU、DfT等，但必须始终在首次使用时定义。
b.Commonly used abbreviations in the subject matter, e.g. GHG, EV, LCA, etc. If unsure about whether your acronym is in common usage, please check with the Editor, but it’s best to avoid.
b.标的物中常用的缩写，如GHG、EV、LCA等。如果不确定您的首字母缩略词是否常用，请与编辑联系，但最好避免使用。
If your manuscript includes equations it is standard practice to define variables with letters (including greek letters). If an abbreviation is more suitable for your equations, then this should be defined and only used in the equation. Tables should include descriptive labels for each variable, and not abbreviations from equations.
如果您的手稿包含方程式，则标准做法是用字母（包括希腊字母）定义变量。如果缩写更适合您的方程式，则应定义该缩写并仅在方程式中使用。表格应包括每个变量的描述性标签，而不是方程式的缩写。
Acronyms and abbreviations should never be used in the following: a. Paper title b. Keywords c. Highlights d. If abbreviated phrase is only used twice in the manuscript
首字母缩略词和缩写词绝不应用于以下用途：a.论文题目 b. 关键词 c. 亮点 d.如果缩写短语在稿件中只使用了两次
Authors should never invent their own acronyms. The one exception might be if there is a new and publicly available model that can be used by others. Examples include MOVES, COPERT. These should be properly referenced so readers can download the model.
作者永远不应该发明自己的首字母缩略词。一个例外可能是，如果有一个新的和公开可用的模型可供其他人使用。示例包括 MOVES、COPERT。这些应该被正确引用，以便读者可以下载模型。
Before you begin 准备工作
Ethics in publishing 出版伦理

Please see our information on Ethics in publishing.
请参阅我们关于出版道德的信息。
Declaration of interest 利益申报

All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential competing interests include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Authors must disclose any interests in two places: 1. A summary declaration of interest statement in the title page file (if double anonymized) or the manuscript file (if single anonymized). If there are no interests to declare then please state this: ‘Declarations of interest: none’. 2. Detailed disclosures as part of a separate Declaration of Interest form, which forms part of the journal’s official records. It is important for potential interests to be declared in both places and that the information matches. More information.
所有作者必须披露与他人或组织的任何财务和个人关系，这些关系可能会不恰当地影响（偏见）他们的工作。潜在竞争利益的例子包括就业、咨询、股票所有权、酬金、有偿专家证词、专利申请/注册以及赠款或其他资金。作者必须在两个地方披露任何利益：1.扉页文件（如果双重匿名）或手稿文件（如果单匿名）中的利益声明摘要。如果没有要申报的利益，请说明：“利益申报：无”。2. 作为单独的利益申报表的一部分进行详细披露，该声明表构成期刊官方记录的一部分。重要的是在两个地方申报潜在利益，并且信息匹配。更多信息。
Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing
生成式人工智能在科学写作中的宣言

The below guidance only refers to the writing process, and not to the use of AI tools to analyse and draw insights from data as part of the research process.
以下指南仅涉及写作过程，而不是作为研究过程的一部分，使用人工智能工具从数据中分析和得出见解。
Where authors use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, authors should only use these technologies to improve readability and language. Applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control, and authors should carefully review and edit the result, as AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete or biased. AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as an author or co-author, or be cited as an author. Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans, as outlined in Elsevier’s AI policy for authors.
如果作者在写作过程中使用生成式人工智能 （AI） 和 AI 辅助技术，作者应仅使用这些技术来提高可读性和语言性。应用该技术应该在人类的监督和控制下完成，作者应该仔细审查和编辑结果，因为人工智能可以生成听起来权威的输出，这些输出可能是不正确的、不完整的或有偏见的。人工智能和人工智能辅助技术不应被列为作者或合著者，也不应被引用为作者。作者身份意味着只能归因于人类并由人类执行的责任和任务，如爱思唯尔的 AI 作者政策中所述。

Authors should disclose in their manuscript the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by following the instructions below. A statement will appear in the published work. Please note that authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work.
作者应按照以下说明在写作过程中披露人工智能和人工智能辅助技术的使用。声明将出现在已发表的作品中。请注意，作者对作品内容负有最终责任。

Disclosure instructions 披露说明
Authors must disclose the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by adding a statement at the end of their manuscript in the core manuscript file, before the References list. The statement should be placed in a new section entitled ‘Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process’.
作者必须在核心稿件文件的稿件末尾，在参考文献列表之前添加声明，披露在写作过程中使用生成式人工智能和人工智能辅助技术的情况。该声明应放在题为“写作过程中的生成式人工智能和人工智能辅助技术的声明”的新章节中。

Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.
声明：在准备本作品期间，作者使用[名称工具/服务]来[REASON]。使用此工具/服务后，作者根据需要审查和编辑内容，并对出版物的内容承担全部责任。

This declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, references etc. If there is nothing to disclose, there is no need to add a statement.
本声明不适用于使用基本工具检查语法、拼写、参考文献等。如果没有什么要披露的，就没有必要添加声明。

Submission declaration and verification
提交声明和验证

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis, see ‘Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication’ for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify compliance, your article may be checked by Crossref Similarity Check and other originality or duplicate checking software.
提交一篇文章意味着所描述的工作以前没有发表过（除了以摘要、已发表的讲座或学术论文的形式，有关更多信息，请参阅“多次、冗余或同时发表”），它没有考虑在其他地方发表，其发表得到了所有作者的批准，并得到了进行工作的主管当局的默示或明确， 并且，如果被接受，未经版权所有者书面同意，不得以相同的形式、英语或任何其他语言（包括电子方式）在其他地方发布。为了验证合规性，您的文章可能会通过Crossref相似性检查和其他原创性或重复性检查软件进行检查。
Preprints 预印本
Please note that preprints can be shared anywhere at any time, in line with Elsevier’s sharing policy. Sharing your preprints e.g. on a preprint server will not count as prior publication (see ‘Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication’ for more information).
请注意，预印本可以随时随地共享，符合爱思唯尔的共享政策。共享您的预印本，例如在预印本服务器上共享，将不算作先前发表（有关更多信息，请参阅“多次、冗余或并发发表”）。
Preprint posting on SSRN
在 SSRN 上发布预印本

In support of Open Science, this journal offers its authors a free preprint posting service. Preprints provide early registration and dissemination of your research, which facilitates early citations and collaboration.
为了支持开放科学，该期刊为其作者提供免费的预印本发布服务。预印本可以尽早注册和传播您的研究，从而促进早期引用和协作。
During submission to Editorial Manager, you can choose to release your manuscript publicly as a preprint on the preprint server SSRN. Your choice will have no effect on the editorial process or outcome with the journal. Please note that the corresponding author is expected to seek approval from all co-authors before agreeing to release the manuscript publicly on SSRN.
在提交给编辑经理期间，您可以选择在预印本服务器 SSRN 上以预印本的形式公开发布您的稿件。您的选择不会影响期刊的编辑过程或结果。请注意，通讯作者在同意在SSRN上公开发布稿件之前，应征得所有合著者的批准。

You will be notified via email when your preprint is posted online and a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is assigned. Your preprint will remain globally available free to read whether the journal accepts or rejects your manuscript.
当您的预印本在线发布并分配数字对象标识符 （DOI） 时，您将收到电子邮件通知。无论期刊接受还是拒绝您的稿件，您的预印本都将在全球范围内免费提供，供您阅读。

For more information about posting to SSRN, please consult the SSRN Terms of Use and FAQs.
有关发布到 SSRN 的更多信息，请参阅 SSRN 使用条款和常见问题解答。

Use of inclusive language
使用包容性语言

Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition; and use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. We advise to seek gender neutrality by using plural nouns (“clinicians, patients/clients”) as default/wherever possible to avoid using “he, she,” or “he/she.” We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that refer to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition unless they are relevant and valid. When coding terminology is used, we recommend to avoid offensive or exclusionary terms such as “master”, “slave”, “blacklist” and “whitelist”. We suggest using alternatives that are more appropriate and (self-) explanatory such as “primary”, “secondary”, “blocklist” and “allowlist”. These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.
包容性语言承认多样性，传达对所有人的尊重，对差异敏感，并促进机会均等。内容不应对任何读者的信念或承诺做出任何假设;不包含任何可能暗示一个人因年龄、性别、种族、民族、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况而优于另一个人的内容;并自始至终使用包容性语言。作者应确保写作没有偏见、刻板印象、俚语、对主流文化和/或文化假设的引用。我们建议尽可能使用复数名词（“临床医生、患者/客户”）作为默认/避免使用“他、她”或“他/她”来寻求性别中立。我们建议避免使用涉及个人属性的描述符，例如年龄、性别、种族、民族、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况，除非它们相关且有效。使用编码术语时，建议避免使用冒犯性或排他性术语，例如“主”、“从”、“黑名单”和“白名单”。我们建议使用更合适且（自我）解释的替代方案，例如“主要”、“次要”、“阻止列表”和“允许列表”。这些指南旨在作为参考点，以帮助识别适当的语言，但绝不是详尽或确定的。
Reporting sex- and gender-based analyses
报告基于性别和性别的分析

Reporting guidance 报告指南
For research involving or pertaining to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells, investigators should integrate sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) into their research design according to funder/sponsor requirements and best practices within a field. Authors should address the sex and/or gender dimensions of their research in their article. In cases where they cannot, they should discuss this as a limitation to their research’s generalizability. Importantly, authors should explicitly state what definitions of sex and/or gender they are applying to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of their research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer (see Definitions section below). Authors can refer to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines and the SAGER guidelines checklist. These offer systematic approaches to the use and editorial review of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation - however, please note there is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender.
对于涉及或与人类、动物或真核细胞有关的研究，研究人员应根据资助者/申办者的要求和领域内的最佳实践，将性别和基于性别的分析 （SGBA） 整合到他们的研究设计中。作者应在文章中讨论其研究的性别和/或性别维度。在他们不能的情况下，他们应该讨论这作为他们研究的普遍性的限制。重要的是，作者应明确说明他们正在应用的性别和/或性别定义，以提高其研究的精确性、严谨性和可重复性，并避免术语及其所指结构的歧义或混淆（见下面的定义部分）。作者可以参考 and Gender Equity in Research （SAGER） 指南和 SAGER 指南清单。这些为在研究设计、数据分析、结果报告和研究解释中使用和编辑审查性别和性别信息提供了系统的方法——但是，请注意，没有一套单一的、普遍同意的指导方针来定义性别和性别。
Definitions 定义
Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features (e.g., chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy). A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth (““sex assigned at birth””), most often based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn. Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society. Sex and gender are often incorrectly portrayed as binary (female/male or woman/man) and unchanging whereas these constructs actually exist along a spectrum and include additional sex categorizations and gender identities such as people who are intersex/have differences of sex development (DSD) or identify as non-binary. Moreover, the terms ““sex”” and ““gender”” can be ambiguous—thus it is important for authors to define the manner in which they are used. In addition to this definition guidance and the SAGER guidelines, the resources on this page offer further insight around sex and gender in research studies.
性别通常是指与身体和生理特征（例如染色体基因型、荷尔蒙水平、内部和外部解剖结构）相关的一组生物学属性。二元性别分类（男性/女性）通常在出生时指定（“出生时分配的性别”），通常仅基于新生儿的可见外部解剖结构。性别通常是指女性、男性和性别多样化人群的社会建构角色、行为和身份，这些角色、行为和身份发生在历史和文化背景下，可能因社会和时间而异。性别影响着人们如何看待自己和彼此，他们的行为和互动方式以及权力在社会中的分配方式。性别和性别经常被错误地描绘成二元（女性/男性或女性/男性）并且保持不变，而这些结构实际上存在于一个光谱中，包括额外的性别分类和性别认同，例如双性人/有性发育差异 （DSD） 或被认定为非二元的人。此外，术语“性别”和“性别”可能模棱两可，因此作者必须定义它们的使用方式。除了本定义指南和 SAGER 指南外，本页面上的资源还提供了有关研究中性别和性别的进一步见解。

Author contributions 作者贡献

For transparency, we require corresponding authors to provide co-author contributions to the manuscript using the relevant CRediT roles. The CRediT taxonomy includes 14 different roles describing each contributor’s specific contribution to the scholarly output. The roles are: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Resources; Software; Supervision; Validation; Visualization; Roles/Writing - original draft; and Writing - review & editing. Note that not all roles may apply to every manuscript, and authors may have contributed through multiple roles. More details and an example.
为了透明起见，我们要求通讯作者使用相关的CRediT角色为稿件提供合著者的贡献。CRediT 分类法包括 14 个不同的角色，描述了每个贡献者对学术产出的具体贡献。角色是：概念化;数据管理;形式分析;资金获取;调查;方法论;项目管理;资源;软件;监督;验证;可视化;角色/写作 - 原稿;和写作 - 审查和编辑。请注意，并非所有角色都适用于每篇稿件，作者可能通过多个角色做出贡献。更多细节和示例。
Changes to authorship 对作者身份的更改

Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
作者在提交稿件之前应仔细考虑作者名单和顺序，并在原始提交时提供最终的作者名单。在作者名单中对作者姓名的任何添加、删除或重新排列都应仅在稿件被接受之前进行，并且只有在期刊编辑批准的情况下才能进行。要请求此类更改，编辑必须从通讯作者处收到以下信息：（a） 更改作者列表的原因和 （b） 所有作者的书面确认（电子邮件、信件）他们同意添加、删除或重新排列。在添加或删除作者的情况下，这包括添加或删除作者的确认。
Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.
只有在特殊情况下，编辑才会考虑在稿件被接受后添加、删除或重新排列作者。在编辑考虑该请求期间，稿件的出版将被暂停。如果稿件已经在网上出版，编辑批准的任何请求都将导致更正。
Article transfer service 物品转运服务
This journal uses the Elsevier Article Transfer Service to find the best home for your manuscript. This means that if an editor feels your manuscript is more suitable for an alternative journal, you might be asked to consider transferring the manuscript to such a journal. The recommendation might be provided by a Journal Editor, a dedicated Scientific Managing Editor, a tool assisted recommendation, or a combination. If you agree, your manuscript will be transferred, though you will have the opportunity to make changes to the manuscript before the submission is complete. Please note that your manuscript will be independently reviewed by the new journal. More information.
本期刊使用爱思唯尔文章传输服务为您的稿件找到最佳归宿。这意味着，如果编辑认为您的稿件更适合其他期刊，您可能会被要求考虑将稿件转移到此类期刊。该建议可能由期刊编辑、专门的科学执行编辑、工具辅助推荐或两者兼而有之提供。如果您同意，您的稿件将被转移，但您将有机会在提交完成之前对稿件进行更改。请注意，您的稿件将由新期刊独立审稿。更多信息。
Copyright 版权

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a ‘Journal Publishing Agreement’ (see more information on this). An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a ‘Journal Publishing Agreement’ form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
文章被接受后，作者将被要求填写一份“期刊出版协议”（参见更多信息）。我们将向通讯作者发送一封电子邮件，确认收到稿件，并附上“期刊出版协议”表格或本协议在线版本的链接。
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases.
订阅者可以复制目录或准备文章清单，包括摘要，以便在其机构内内部传阅。在机构外转售或分发以及所有其他衍生作品（包括汇编和翻译）都需要获得出版商的许可。如果包含其他受版权保护的作品的摘录，作者必须获得版权所有者的书面许可，并在文章中注明来源。在这些情况下，爱思唯尔有预印的表格供作者使用。

For gold open access articles: Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a ‘License Agreement’ (more information). Permitted third party reuse of gold open access articles is determined by the author’s choice of user license.
对于金牌开放获取文章：文章被接受后，作者将被要求填写一份“许可协议”（更多信息）。允许第三方重复使用黄金开放获取文章取决于作者选择的用户许可。

Author rights 作者权利
As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. More information.
作为作者，您（或您的雇主或机构）拥有重复使用您的作品的某些权利。更多信息。

Elsevier supports responsible sharing
爱思唯尔支持负责任的分享
Find out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.
了解如何分享您在爱思唯尔期刊上发表的研究成果。
Role of the funding source
资金来源的作用

You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement, it is recommended to state this.
请您确定谁为研究和/或文章的准备提供了财务支持，并简要描述申办者（如果有）在研究设计中的作用;数据的收集、分析和解释;在撰写报告时;以及提交文章发表的决定。如果资金来源没有这种参与，建议说明这一点。
Open access 开放获取

Please visit our Open Access page for more information about open access publishing in this journal.
请访问我们的开放获取页面，了解有关本期刊开放获取发表的更多信息。
Elsevier Researcher Academy
爱思唯尔研究者学院
Researcher Academy is a free e-learning platform designed to support early and mid-career researchers throughout their research journey. The “Learn” environment at Researcher Academy offers several interactive modules, webinars, downloadable guides and resources to guide you through the process of writing for research and going through peer review. Feel free to use these free resources to improve your submission and navigate the publication process with ease.
Researcher Academy 是一个免费的电子学习平台，旨在在整个研究过程中为早期和中期职业研究人员提供支持。Researcher Academy 的“学习”环境提供了多个互动模块、网络研讨会、可下载的指南和资源，以指导您完成研究写作和同行评审的过程。随意使用这些免费资源来改进您的提交并轻松浏览发布过程。
Language (usage and editing services)
语言（使用和编辑服务）
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who feel their English language manuscript may require editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific English may wish to use the Language Editing service available from Elsevier’s Language Services.
请用流利的英语写你的文字（接受美国或英国的使用，但不能混合使用）。如果作者认为自己的英语稿件可能需要编辑，以消除可能的语法或拼写错误，并符合正确的科学英语，则不妨使用爱思唯尔语言服务提供的语言编辑服务。
Submission 提交

Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article details and uploading your files. The system converts your article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. Editable files (e.g., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your article for final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor’s decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail.
我们的在线提交系统将指导您逐步完成输入文章详细信息和上传文件的过程。系统会将您的文章文件转换为同行评审过程中使用的单个 PDF 文件。需要可编辑的文件（例如，Word、LaTeX）来排版您的文章以供最终发表。所有信件，包括编辑决定的通知和修改请求，均通过电子邮件发送。

If you are submitting this manuscript for a special issue, please make sure you select the appropriate Special Issue Article Type. Choosing an incorrect article type could lead to mispublication of your article.
如果您要为特刊投稿，请确保选择合适的特刊文章类型。选择不正确的文章类型可能会导致您的文章发表错误。
Submission Site for Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
交通研究D部分：交通与环境的投稿地点

To submit your paper please click here https://www.editorialmanager.com/TRD/default.aspx
要提交您的论文，请单击此处 https://www.editorialmanager.com/TRD/default.aspx

Referees 裁判
Please submit, with the manuscript, the names, addresses and e-mail addresses of four potential referees. Note that the editor retains the sole right to decide whether or not the suggested reviewers are used.
请在稿件中提交四位潜在推荐人的姓名、地址和电子邮件地址。请注意，编辑保留决定是否使用建议的审稿人的唯一权利。
Preparation 制备
Queries 查询

For questions about the editorial process (including the status of manuscripts under review) or for technical support on submissions, please visit our Support Center.
有关编辑过程（包括正在审稿的状态）或提交的技术支持的问题，请访问我们的支持中心。
Peer review 同行审查

This journal operates a single anonymized review process. All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor’s decision is final. Editors are not involved in decisions about papers which they have written themselves or have been written by family members or colleagues or which relate to products or services in which the editor has an interest. Any such submission is subject to all of the journal’s usual procedures, with peer review handled independently of the relevant editor and their research groups. More information on types of peer review.
该期刊采用单一的匿名审稿流程。所有投稿将由编辑初步评估是否适合该期刊。然后，被认为合适的论文通常会被发送给至少两名独立的专家评审员，以评估论文的科学质量。编辑对文章的接受或拒绝负责最终决定。编辑的决定是最终决定。编辑不参与他们自己撰写的或由家庭成员或同事撰写的论文或与编辑感兴趣的产品或服务有关的论文的决定。任何此类投稿均须遵守期刊的所有常规程序，同行评审独立于相关编辑及其研究小组进行。有关同行评议类型的更多信息。
Use of word processing software
使用文字处理软件
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the word processor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the word processor’s options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier). Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also the section on Electronic artwork.
重要的是，文件必须以所用文字处理器的本机格式保存。文本应采用单列格式。使文本的布局尽可能简单。在处理文章时，大多数格式代码将被删除和替换。特别是，不要使用文字处理器的选项来对齐文本或连字符字词。但是，请使用粗体、斜体、下标、上标等。准备表时，如果使用表网格，请对每个表仅使用一个网格，而不是对每行使用网格。如果未使用网格，请使用制表符（而不是空格）对齐列。电子文本的准备方式应与传统稿件非常相似（另见《爱思唯尔出版指南》）。请注意，无论您是否在文本中嵌入图形，都需要图形、表格和文本图形的源文件。另请参阅“电子图稿”部分。
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the ‘spell-check’ and ‘grammar-check’ functions of your word processor.
为避免不必要的错误，强烈建议您使用文字处理器的“拼写检查”和“语法检查”功能。
Article structure 文章结构
Subdivision - numbered sections
细分 - 编号部分
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, …), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to ‘the text’. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
将您的文章划分为明确定义和编号的部分。小节应编号为 1.1（然后是 1.1.1、1.1.2 等）、1.2 等（摘要不包括在节编号中）。此编号也用于内部交叉引用：不要仅引用“文本”。任何小节都可以给出一个简短的标题。每个标题都应出现在其单独的行上。
Introduction 介绍
In a few paragraphs, provide a brief overview of why your work is important including any background context, state the objectives of your research, and elaborate on its unique contributions to the literature, avoiding a detailed literature review.
在几段话中，简要概述为什么你的工作很重要，包括任何背景背景，陈述你的研究目标，并详细说明其对文献的独特贡献，避免详细的文献综述。
Literature review 文献综述
Review relevant theories, provide a critical assessment of the existing literature with a focus on identifying research gaps, elaborate the importance of filling the gaps, and propose research questions or hypotheses that your research examines.
回顾相关理论，对现有文献进行批判性评估，重点是确定研究差距，详细说明填补空白的重要性，并提出你的研究所研究的研究问题或假设。

Methods and data 方法和数据
Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated with a suitable reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described. Do not present mathematical details of common statistical models (such as Poisson model and multinomial logit models); detailed mathematics are only needed if your paper focuses on a methodological innovation.
提供足够的细节，以便独立研究人员复制作品。应对已经发表的方法进行总结，并用适当的参考文献指出。如果直接从以前发布的方法引用，请使用引号并引用来源。还应描述对现有方法的任何修改。不要展示常见统计模型（如泊松模型和多项式logit模型）的数学细节;只有当你的论文专注于方法论创新时，才需要详细的数学。
If you use data from a self-administered survey, provide adequate information (such as sampling plan, survey administration, and sample characteristics) to enable reviewers to assess data quality. Ideally, your data should be representative of the population you are surveying. While non-representative samples may be adequate for some research you will need substantial justification as to why you chose such an approach.
如果您使用来自自填调查的数据，请提供足够的信息（例如抽样计划、调查管理和样本特征），以便审阅者能够评估数据质量。理想情况下，您的数据应代表您正在调查的人群。虽然非代表性样本可能足以进行某些研究，但您需要充分的理由来解释您为什么选择这种方法。

Results 结果
Results should be clear and concise. Present the most important findings first.
结果应该清晰简洁。首先介绍最重要的发现。
Discussion 讨论
This should explore the significance of the results of your research, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate.
这应该探索你的研究结果的重要性，而不是重复它们。将结果和讨论组合起来通常是合适的。
Conclusions 结论
The main conclusions of the study should be presented in a short Conclusions section. They should include key results, associated policy implications, limitations, and/or recommendations for future research.
研究的主要结论应在简短的结论部分中提出。它们应包括关键结果、相关政策影响、局限性和/或对未来研究的建议。
Glossary 词汇表
Please supply, as a separate list, the definitions of field-specific terms used in your article.
请单独列出贵篇文章中使用的特定领域术语的定义。
Appendices 附录
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
如果有多个附录，应将其标识为 A、B 等。附录中的公式和方程式应单独编号：方程（A.1）、方程（A.2）等;在随后的附录中，方程（B.1）等。表格和数字也是如此：表A.1;图 A.1 等
Essential title page information
基本扉页信息

• Title. Your title should be succinct and informative and no more than about 12 words in length. Do not use acronyms or abbreviations in your title and do not mention the method you used, unless your paper reports on the development of a new method. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems.
•标题。你的标题应该简洁明了，内容丰富，长度不超过12个字。不要在标题中使用首字母缩略词或缩写词，也不要提及您使用的方法，除非您的论文报告了新方法的开发。标题通常用于信息检索系统。
• Author names and affiliations. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. You can add your name between parentheses in your own script behind the English transliteration. Present the authors’ affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• 作者姓名和单位。请清楚地指出每位作者的姓名和姓氏，并检查所有姓名的拼写是否准确。您可以在自己的脚本中将您的名字添加到英文音译后面的括号之间。在姓名下方显示作者的单位地址（实际工作完成的地方）。在作者姓名之后和相应地址前面用小写上标字母表示所有隶属关系。提供每个隶属机构的完整邮政地址，包括国家名称和每个作者的电子邮件地址（如果有）。
• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about Methodology and Materials. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author.
• 通讯作者。明确指出谁将在审稿和出版的所有阶段（包括出版后）处理通信。该职责包括回答未来有关方法和材料的任何疑问。确保提供电子邮件地址，并由通讯作者及时更新联系方式。
• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a ‘Present address’ (or ‘Permanent address’) may be indicated as a footnote to that author’s name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
• 现在/永久地址。如果作者在文章中描述的工作完成后已经搬家，或者当时正在访问，则可以将“现在的地址”（或“永久地址”）作为该作者姓名的脚注。必须保留作者实际完成作品的地址作为主要隶属关系地址。此类脚注使用上标阿拉伯数字。
Highlights 突出

Highlights are mandatory for this journal as they help increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that capture the novel results of your research as well as new methods that were used during the study (if any). Please have a look at the example Highlights.
该期刊的亮点是强制性的，因为它们有助于提高文章在搜索引擎中的可发现性。它们由一小撮要点组成，这些要点捕捉了您的研究的新结果以及研究期间使用的新方法（如果有的话）。请看一下示例亮点。
Highlights should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use ‘Highlights’ in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point).
亮点应在在线提交系统中以单独的可编辑文件形式提交。请在文件名中使用“亮点”，并包含 3 到 5 个项目符号（每个项目符号最多 85 个字符，包括空格）。

Abstract 抽象
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. An abstract should range from 1-150 words. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
需要简明扼要的摘要。摘要应简要说明研究目的、主要结果和主要结论。摘要通常与文章分开呈现，因此它必须能够独立存在。摘要应在 1-150 字之间。因此，应避免参考文献，但如果有必要，请引用作者和年份。此外，应避免使用非标准或不常见的缩写，但如果有必要，则必须在摘要中首次提及时定义它们。
Graphical abstract 图形摘要
Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site.
虽然图形摘要是可选的，但鼓励使用它，因为它会引起人们对在线文章的更多关注。图形摘要应以简洁的图形形式总结文章的内容，旨在吸引广大读者的注意力。图形摘要应作为单独文件提交在线提交系统。图片尺寸：请提供至少 531 × 1328 像素（高×宽）或更大的图片。使用 5 dpi 的常规屏幕分辨率，图像应以 5 × 13 厘米的尺寸可读。首选文件类型：TIFF、EPS、PDF 或 MS Office 文件。您可以在我们的信息网站上查看示例图形摘要。
Keywords 关键字

Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, ‘and’, ‘of’). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
在摘要之后，立即提供最多 6 个关键字，使用美式拼写，避免使用一般和复数术语以及多个概念（避免，例如，“and”、“of”）。避免使用缩写：只有在该领域牢固确立的缩写才有资格。这些关键字将用于索引目的。
Acknowledgements 确认
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
在文章末尾的参考文献之前的单独部分中整理致谢，因此，不要将它们包含在标题页上，作为标题的脚注或其他方式。在这里列出那些在研究期间提供帮助的人（例如，提供语言帮助、写作帮助或校对文章等）。
Formatting of funding sources
资金来源的格式
List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder’s requirements:
以以下标准方式列出资金来源，以促进符合资助者的要求：
Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa].
资金：这项工作得到了美国国立卫生研究院的支持 [资助号 xxxx， yyyy];比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会，华盛顿州西雅图[授权号zzzz];以及美国和平研究所（United States Institutes of Peace）[授权号AAAA]。

It is not necessary to include detailed descriptions on the program or type of grants and awards. When funding is from a block grant or other resources available to a university, college, or other research institution, submit the name of the institute or organization that provided the funding.
没有必要包括对计划或赠款和奖励类型的详细说明。当资金来自大学、学院或其他研究机构可用的整笔赠款或其他资源时，请提交提供资金的研究所或组织的名称。

If no funding has been provided for the research, it is recommended to include the following sentence:
如果没有为研究提供资金，建议包括以下句子：

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
这项研究没有从公共、商业或非营利部门的资助机构获得任何具体的资助。

Math formulae 数学公式
Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
请以可编辑文本的形式提交数学方程式，而不是以图像形式提交。在可能的情况下，根据普通文本呈现简单的公式，并使用实线 （/） 代替水平线表示小分数项，例如 X/Y。原则上，变量应以斜体表示。e 的幂通常更方便地用 exp 表示。连续编号必须与文本分开显示的任何方程式（如果在文本中明确提及）。
Footnotes 脚注
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article. Many word processors can build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Otherwise, please indicate the position of footnotes in the text and list the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
脚注应谨慎使用。在整篇文章中连续编号。许多文字处理器可以在文本中构建脚注，并且可以使用此功能。否则，请在正文中注明脚注的位置，并在文章末尾分别列出脚注本身。不要在“参考”列表中包含脚注。
Artwork 艺术品
Electronic artwork 电子艺术作品
General points 一般要点
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• 确保使用原始图稿的统一字体和尺寸。
• Embed the used fonts if the application provides that option.
• 如果应用程序提供该选项，则嵌入使用的字体。
• Aim to use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, Symbol, or use fonts that look similar.
• 在插图中使用以下字体：Arial、Courier、Times New Roman、Symbol，或使用看起来相似的字体。
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• 根据插图在文本中的顺序对插图进行编号。
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• 对图稿文件使用逻辑命名约定。
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• 单独为插图提供说明。
• Size the illustrations close to the desired dimensions of the published version.
• 将插图的大小调整为接近已发布版本所需尺寸的大小。
• Submit each illustration as a separate file.
• 将每幅插图作为单独的文件提交。
• Ensure that color images are accessible to all, including those with impaired color vision.
• 确保所有人都能获得彩色图像，包括色觉受损的人。
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available.
电子艺术品的详细指南可用。
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
我们敦促您访问本网站;这里给出了一些详细信息的摘录。
Formats 格式
If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply ‘as is’ in the native document format.
如果您的电子图稿是在 Microsoft Office 应用程序（Word、PowerPoint、Excel）中创建的，请以本机文档格式“按原样”提供。
Regardless of the application used other than Microsoft Office, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please ‘Save as’ or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
无论使用 Microsoft Office 以外的应用程序，当您的电子图稿定稿时，请“另存为”或将图像转换为以下格式之一（请注意下面给出的线条图、半色调和线/半色调组合的分辨率要求）：
EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings, embed all used fonts.
EPS（或 PDF）：矢量绘图，嵌入所有使用的字体。
TIFF (or JPEG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones), keep to a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF（或 JPEG）：彩色或灰度照片（半色调），至少保持 300 dpi。
TIFF (or JPEG): Bitmapped (pure black & white pixels) line drawings, keep to a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF（或JPEG）：位图（纯黑白像素）线条图，保持至少1000 dpi。
TIFF (or JPEG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale), keep to a minimum of 500 dpi.
TIFF（或 JPEG）：位图线/半色调（彩色或灰度）的组合，至少保持 500 dpi。
Please do not: 请不要：
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); these typically have a low number of pixels and limited set of colors;
• 提供针对屏幕使用进行优化的文件（例如，GIF、BMP、PICT、WPG）;它们通常具有较少的像素数和有限的颜色集;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• 提供分辨率过低的文件;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
• 提交的图片与内容不成比例地大。

Color artwork 彩色艺术品
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF), or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color online (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version. For color reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for color: in print or online only. Further information on the preparation of electronic artwork.
请确保图稿文件采用可接受的格式（TIFF（或 JPEG）、EPS（或 PDF）或 MS Office 文件）并具有正确的分辨率。如果您提交了可用的彩色图表，则爱思唯尔将免费确保这些图表将以彩色形式在线显示（例如，ScienceDirect和其他网站），无论这些插图是否在印刷版本中以彩色形式复制。对于印刷品的彩色复制，您将在收到您接受的文章后收到爱思唯尔有关费用的信息。请注明您对颜色的偏好：仅限印刷版或在线版。有关电子艺术作品准备的更多信息。
Figure captions 图形说明
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
确保每个插图都有标题。单独提供标题，不附在图中。标题应包括简短的标题（而不是插图本身）和插图说明。将插图本身中的文字保持在最低限度，但解释所有使用的符号和缩写。
Tables 表

Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells.
请以可编辑文本的形式提交表格，而不是以图像形式提交表格。表格可以放在文章中的相关文本旁边，也可以放在末尾的单独页面上。根据表格在文本中的外观连续编号表格，并将所有表格注释放在表格正文下方。在使用表格时要谨慎，并确保表格中提供的数据不会与本文其他地方描述的结果重复。请避免在表格单元格中使用竖排规则和底纹。
References 引用
Citation in text 文本中的引用
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either ‘Unpublished results’ or ‘Personal communication’. Citation of a reference as ‘in press’ implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
请确保文中引用的每个参考文献也出现在参考文献列表中（反之亦然）。摘要中引用的任何参考文献必须完整给出。未发表的结果和个人通信不建议在参考文献列表中，但可能会在正文中提及。如果这些参考文献包含在参考文献列表中，它们应遵循期刊的标准参考文献格式，并应包括用“未发表的结果”或“个人通信”代替出版日期。引用参考文献为“出版中”意味着该项目已被接受出版。
Reference links 参考链接
Increased discoverability of research and high quality peer review are ensured by online links to the sources cited. In order to allow us to create links to abstracting and indexing services, such as Scopus, Crossref and PubMed, please ensure that data provided in the references are correct. Please note that incorrect surnames, journal/book titles, publication year and pagination may prevent link creation. When copying references, please be careful as they may already contain errors. Use of the DOI is highly encouraged.
通过指向引用来源的在线链接，确保了研究的可发现性和高质量的同行评审。为了允许我们创建指向摘要和索引服务的链接，例如 Scopus、Crossref 和 PubMed，请确保参考文献中提供的数据正确无误。请注意，不正确的姓氏、期刊/书名、出版年份和分页可能会阻止链接创建。复制参考文献时，请小心，因为它们可能已经包含错误。强烈建议使用 DOI。
A DOI is guaranteed never to change, so you can use it as a permanent link to any electronic article. An example of a citation using DOI for an article not yet in an issue is: VanDecar J.C., Russo R.M., James D.E., Ambeh W.B., Franke M. (2003). Aseismic continuation of the Lesser Antilles slab beneath northeastern Venezuela. Journal of Geophysical Research, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000884. Please note the format of such citations should be in the same style as all other references in the paper.
DOI 保证永远不会更改，因此您可以将其用作任何电子文章的永久链接。对尚未出版期刊的文章使用 DOI 进行引用的一个例子是：VanDecar J.C.， Russo R.M.， James D.E.， Ambeh W.B.， Franke M. （2003）。委内瑞拉东北部下方小安的列斯群岛板块的地震延续。地球物理研究学报， https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000884.请注意，此类引文的格式应与论文中的所有其他参考文献采用相同的风格。

Web references Web 引用
As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
至少应提供完整的 URL 和上次访问引用的日期。如果知道任何进一步的信息（DOI、作者姓名、日期、对源出版物的引用等），也应提供。如果需要，Web 参考文献可以单独列出（例如，在参考文献列表之后）在不同的标题下，也可以包含在参考文献列表中。
Data references 数据参考
This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them in your text and including a data reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the following elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately before the reference so we can properly identify it as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article.
该期刊鼓励您在稿件中引用基础或相关数据集，方法是在文本中引用它们，并在参考文献列表中包含数据参考。数据引用应包括以下元素：作者姓名、数据集标题、数据存储库、版本（如果可用）、年份和全局持久标识符。在引用之前添加 [dataset]，以便我们可以正确地将其标识为数据引用。[dataset] 标识符不会出现在您发布的文章中。
Preprint references 预印本参考文献
Where a preprint has subsequently become available as a peer-reviewed publication, the formal publication should be used as the reference. If there are preprints that are central to your work or that cover crucial developments in the topic, but are not yet formally published, these may be referenced. Preprints should be clearly marked as such, for example by including the word preprint, or the name of the preprint server, as part of the reference. The preprint DOI should also be provided.
如果预印本随后作为同行评议的出版物提供，则应以正式出版物为参考。如果有一些预印本对你的工作至关重要，或者涵盖了该主题的关键发展，但尚未正式出版，则可以参考这些预印本。预印本应明确标明，例如在参考文献中包含预印本一词或预印本服务器的名称。还应提供预印本 DOI。
Reference management software
参考文献管理软件
Most Elsevier journals have their reference template available in many of the most popular reference management software products. These include all products that support Citation Style Language styles, such as Mendeley. Using citation plug-ins from these products, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article, after which citations and bibliographies will be automatically formatted in the journal’s style. If no template is yet available for this journal, please follow the format of the sample references and citations as shown in this Guide. If you use reference management software, please ensure that you remove all field codes before submitting the electronic manuscript. More information on how to remove field codes from different reference management software.
大多数爱思唯尔期刊在许多最流行的参考文献管理软件产品中都提供了参考文献模板。其中包括支持引文样式语言样式的所有产品，例如 Mendeley。使用这些产品的引文插件，作者只需在准备文章时选择合适的期刊模板，之后引文和参考书目将自动格式化为期刊的样式。如果本期刊尚无可用的模板，请遵循本指南中所示的参考文献和引文样本的格式。如果您使用参考文献管理软件，请确保在提交电子稿件之前删除所有字段代码。有关如何从不同的参考文献管理软件中删除字段代码的更多信息。

The Harvard system of references is used. References should conform to the following style.
使用哈佛参考系统。引用应符合以下样式。
Ben-Akiva, M., de Palma, A., Kanaroglou, P., 1986. Dynamic model of peak period traffic congestion with elastic arrival rates. Transportation Science 20(2), 164-181.
Ben-Akiva， M.， de Palma， A.， Kanaroglou， P.， 1986.具有弹性到达率的高峰期交通拥堵动态模型交通科学 20（2）， 164-181.

Fischer, G.W., Nagin, D., 1981. Random versus coefficient quantal choice models. In: Manski, C.F., McFadden, D. (Eds.), Structural Analysis of Discrete Data with Econometric Applications, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 273-304.
Fischer， GW， Nagin， D.， 1981.随机与系数定量选择模型。在：Manski， C.F.， McFadden， D. （Eds.）， Structural Analysis of Discrete Data with Econometric Applications， 麻省理工学院出版社，马萨诸塞州剑桥市，第 273-304 页。

Brilon, W. (Ed.), 1988. Intersections Without Traffic Signals, Proceedings of an International Workshop. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Brilon， W.（编辑），1988 年。没有交通信号灯的十字路口，国际研讨会论文集。施普林格出版社，柏林。

Daganzo, C., 1996. Two paradoxes of traffic flow on networks with physical queues. II Symposium Ingenieria de los Transportes, Madrid, 22-24 May 1996, pp. 55-62.
达甘佐，C.，1996 年。具有物理队列的网络上流量的两个悖论。1996年5月22日至24日在马德里举行的第二届运输工程师专题讨论会，第55-62页。

[dataset] Oguro, M., Imahiro, S., Saito, S., Nakashizuka, T., 2015. Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions. Mendeley Data, v1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1.
[数据集]小黑，M.，今弘，S.，斋藤，S.，中冢，T.，2015 年。日本橡树枯萎病和周围森林成分的死亡率数据。Mendeley 数据，v1。http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1。

Journal abbreviations source
期刊缩写来源
Journal names should be abbreviated according to the List of Title Word Abbreviations.
期刊名称应根据标题词缩写列表进行缩写。
Video 视频

Elsevier accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. Authors who have video or animation files that they wish to submit with their article are strongly encouraged to include links to these within the body of the article. This can be done in the same way as a figure or table by referring to the video or animation content and noting in the body text where it should be placed. All submitted files should be properly labeled so that they directly relate to the video file’s content. In order to ensure that your video or animation material is directly usable, please provide the file in one of our recommended file formats with a preferred maximum size of 150 MB per file, 1 GB in total. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect. Please supply ‘stills’ with your files: you can choose any frame from the video or animation or make a separate image. These will be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the link to your video data. For more detailed instructions please visit our video instruction pages. Note: since video and animation cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal, please provide text for both the electronic and the print version for the portions of the article that refer to this content.
爱思唯尔接受视频资料和动画序列来支持和加强您的科学研究。强烈建议有视频或动画文件的作者在文章正文中包含指向这些文件的链接。这可以通过与图形或表格相同的方式完成，方法是参考视频或动画内容并在正文中注明应放置的位置。所有提交的文件都应正确标记，以便它们与视频文件的内容直接相关。为了确保您的视频或动画材料可直接使用，请以我们推荐的文件格式之一提供文件，每个文件的首选最大大小为 150 MB，总共 1 GB。所提供的视频和动画文件将以电子版的形式在爱思唯尔网络产品（包括ScienceDirect）中在线发布。请在您的文件中提供“静止图像”：您可以从视频或动画中选择任何一帧，也可以制作单独的图像。这些将代替标准图标，并将个性化指向您的视频数据的链接。有关更详细的说明，请访问我们的视频说明页面。注意：由于视频和动画不能嵌入到期刊的印刷版中，请为文章中引用此内容的部分提供电子版和印刷版的文本。
Data visualization 数据可视化

Include interactive data visualizations in your publication and let your readers interact and engage more closely with your research. Follow the instructions here to find out about available data visualization options and how to include them with your article.
在您的出版物中加入交互式数据可视化，让您的读者与您的研究进行更密切的互动和互动。按照此处的说明，了解可用的数据可视化选项以及如何将它们包含在您的文章中。
Supplementary material 补充材料

Supplementary material such as applications, images and sound clips, can be published with your article to enhance it. Submitted supplementary items are published exactly as they are received (Excel or PowerPoint files will appear as such online). Please submit your material together with the article and supply a concise, descriptive caption for each supplementary file. If you wish to make changes to supplementary material during any stage of the process, please make sure to provide an updated file. Do not annotate any corrections on a previous version. Please switch off the ‘Track Changes’ option in Microsoft Office files as these will appear in the published version.
补充材料，如应用程序、图像和声音剪辑，可以与您的文章一起发布，以增强它。提交的补充项目将与收到的完全相同（Excel 或 PowerPoint 文件将在线显示）。请将您的材料与文章一起提交，并为每个补充文件提供简明扼要的描述性标题。如果您希望在流程的任何阶段对补充材料进行更改，请务必提供更新的文件。不要对以前版本的任何更正进行批注。请关闭 Microsoft Office 文件中的“跟踪更改”选项，因为这些选项将显示在已发布的版本中。
Research data 研究数据

This journal encourages and enables you to share data that supports your research publication where appropriate, and enables you to interlink the data with your published articles. Research data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings, which may also include software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.
该期刊鼓励并使您能够在适当的情况下共享支持您的研究出版物的数据，并使您能够将数据与您发表的文章相互链接。研究数据是指验证研究结果的观察或实验结果，其中还可能包括与项目相关的软件、代码、模型、算法、协议、方法和其他有用材料。
Below are a number of ways in which you can associate data with your article or make a statement about the availability of your data when submitting your manuscript. If you are sharing data in one of these ways, you are encouraged to cite the data in your manuscript and reference list. Please refer to the “References” section for more information about data citation. For more information on depositing, sharing and using research data and other relevant research materials, visit the research data page.
您可以通过以下几种方式将数据与文章相关联，或在提交稿件时声明数据的可用性。如果您以这些方式之一共享数据，我们鼓励您在稿件和参考文献列表中引用数据。有关数据引用的更多信息，请参阅“参考文献”部分。有关存储、共享和使用研究数据和其他相关研究材料的更多信息，请访问研究数据页面。

Data linking 数据链接
If you have made your research data available in a data repository, you can link your article directly to the dataset. Elsevier collaborates with a number of repositories to link articles on ScienceDirect with relevant repositories, giving readers access to underlying data that gives them a better understanding of the research described.
如果您已在数据存储库中提供您的研究数据，则可以将您的文章直接链接到数据集。爱思唯尔与多个存储库合作，将ScienceDirect上的文章与相关存储库链接起来，使读者能够访问基础数据，从而更好地了解所描述的研究。
There are different ways to link your datasets to your article. When available, you can directly link your dataset to your article by providing the relevant information in the submission system. For more information, visit the database linking page.
有多种方法可以将数据集链接到文章。如果可用，您可以通过在提交系统中提供相关信息来直接将数据集链接到您的文章。有关更多信息，请访问数据库链接页面。

For supported data repositories a repository banner will automatically appear next to your published article on ScienceDirect.
对于受支持的数据存储库，存储库横幅将自动显示在您在 ScienceDirect 上发表的文章旁边。

In addition, you can link to relevant data or entities through identifiers within the text of your manuscript, using the following format: Database: xxxx (e.g., TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN).
此外，您可以使用以下格式通过稿件文本中的标识符链接到相关数据或实体：数据库：xxxx（例如，TAIR：AT1G01020;中央商业中心：734053;PDB：1XFN）。

Research Elements 研究要素

This journal enables you to publish research objects related to your original research – such as data, methods, protocols, software and hardware – as an additional paper in a Research Elements journal.
该期刊使您能够将与您的原始研究相关的研究对象（例如数据、方法、协议、软件和硬件）作为附加论文发表在 Research Elements 期刊上。
Research Elements is a suite of peer-reviewed, open access journals which make your research objects findable, accessible and reusable. Articles place research objects into context by providing detailed descriptions of objects and their application, and linking to the associated original research articles. Research Elements articles can be prepared by you, or by one of your collaborators.
Research Elements 是一套经过同行评审的开放获取期刊，可让您的研究对象可查找、访问和重复使用。文章通过提供对象及其应用的详细描述，并链接到相关的原始研究文章，将研究对象置于上下文中。Research Elements 文章可以由您或您的一位合作者准备。

During submission, you will be alerted to the opportunity to prepare and submit a manuscript to one of the Research Elements journals.
在投稿过程中，您将被告知有机会准备稿件并将其提交给Research Elements期刊之一。

More information can be found on the Research Elements page.
更多信息可以在“研究要素”页面上找到。

Data statement 数据语句
To foster transparency, we encourage you to state the availability of your data in your submission. This may be a requirement of your funding body or institution. If your data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post, you will have the opportunity to indicate why during the submission process, for example by stating that the research data is confidential. The statement will appear with your published article on ScienceDirect. For more information, visit the Data Statement page.
为了提高透明度，我们鼓励您在提交的内容中说明数据的可用性。这可能是您的资助机构或机构的要求。如果您的数据无法访问或不适合发布，您将有机会在提交过程中说明原因，例如声明研究数据是机密的。该声明将与您在ScienceDirect上发表的文章一起出现。有关更多信息，请访问数据声明页面。
CONTENT INNOVATION 内容创新
After acceptance 验收后
Online proof correction 在线校样校对

To ensure a fast publication process of the article, we kindly ask authors to provide us with their proof corrections within two days. Corresponding authors will receive an e-mail with a link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to MS Word: in addition to editing text, you can also comment on figures/tables and answer questions from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofing provides a faster and less error-prone process by allowing you to directly type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors.
为确保文章的快速发表过程，我们恳请作者在两天内向我们提供校对更正。通讯作者将收到一封电子邮件，其中包含指向我们在线校对系统的链接，允许在线注释和更正校样。环境类似于 MS Word：除了编辑文本外，您还可以在文案编辑器中对图形/表格进行评论并回答问题。基于 Web 的校对允许您直接输入更正，从而消除了潜在的错误引入，从而提供了更快、更不容易出错的过程。
If preferred, you can still choose to annotate and upload your edits on the PDF version. All instructions for proofing will be given in the e-mail we send to authors, including alternative methods to the online version and PDF.
如果愿意，您仍然可以选择在 PDF 版本上注释和上传您的编辑内容。所有校对说明都将在我们发送给作者的电子邮件中提供，包括在线版本和 PDF 的替代方法。
We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.
我们将尽一切可能使您的文章快速准确地发表。请仅用于检查正文、表格和图表的排版、编辑、完整性和正确性。对接受发表的文章进行重大更改，只有在获得编辑许可的情况下才会在此阶段进行考虑。重要的是要确保在一次通信中将所有更正发回给我们。请在回复前仔细检查，因为无法保证包含任何后续更正。校对完全由您负责。
Offprints 分印本

The corresponding author will, at no cost, receive a customized Share Link providing 50 days free access to the final published version of the article on ScienceDirect. The Share Link can be used for sharing the article via any communication channel, including email and social media. For an extra charge, paper offprints can be ordered via the offprint order form which is sent once the article is accepted for publication. Corresponding authors who have published their article gold open access do not receive a Share Link as their final published version of the article is available open access on ScienceDirect and can be shared through the article DOI link.
通讯作者将免费收到一个定制的分享链接，提供 50 天免费访问 ScienceDirect 上文章的最终发表版本。分享链接可用于通过任何沟通渠道（包括电子邮件和社交媒体）分享文章。需要额外付费，可以通过文章被接受出版后发送的印刷订单订购纸质印刷品。发表文章的通讯作者不会收到分享链接，因为他们的文章的最终发表版本在ScienceDirect上是开放获取的，可以通过文章DOI链接分享。
Author inquiries 作者咨询

Visit the Elsevier Support Center to find the answers you need. Here you will find everything from Frequently Asked Questions to ways to get in touch.
请访问爱思唯尔支持中心，找到您需要的答案。在这里，您将找到从常见问题到联系方式的所有内容。
You can also check the status of your submitted article or find out when your accepted article will be published.
您还可以查看已提交文章的状态，或了解您接受的文章何时发表。
Reference formatting 引用格式
The journal uses the Harvard system of references for publication. Although there are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission, we prefer the (author(s), year) format and discourage the numbered format. The style or format of references should be consistent. Where applicable, author(s) name(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the article number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by the journal will be applied to the accepted article by Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct. If you do wish to format the references yourself they should be arranged according to the following examples:
该杂志使用哈佛大学的参考文献系统进行出版。虽然在投稿时对参考文献格式没有严格的要求，但我们更喜欢（作者，年份）格式，不鼓励使用编号格式。参考文献的样式或格式应保持一致。在适用的情况下，必须提供作者姓名、期刊名称/书名、章节标题/文章标题、出版年份、卷号/书籍章节以及文章编号或分页。强烈建议使用 DOI。期刊使用的参考文献格式将在校样阶段应用于爱思唯尔接受的文章。请注意，缺失的数据将在校对阶段突出显示，以便作者更正。如果您确实希望自己设置引用的格式，则应根据以下示例进行排列：