WCF绑定及不同消息版本的SOAP样式
绑定提供了必要的元素来为客户端和服务端构建通讯信道。绑定描述了传输协议、消息编码格式以及其它用于通信信道的通信协议。通过绑定，WCF封装了各种不同通信场景下所使用的配置。每一个绑定配置都必须提供一个传输协议、一个消息编码格式和一个相关消息版本信息。
传输协议：可以是http、https、tcp、命名管道或msmq等。
消息编码：描述消息如何格式化。可以是binary、text、mtom。
消息版本：可以是soap1.1、soap1.2。消息版本还可以设置是否支持ws-addressing协议。在与非.net平台进行互操作时，应该注意消息版本的选择。
每个绑定都有若干个绑定元素组成，可以用以下代码查看默认绑定元素以及绑定所用的消息版本。
using
System;
using
System.Collections.Generic;
using
System.Text;
using
System.ServiceModel;
using
System.ServiceModel.Channels;
namespace
WcfBinding
{
class
Program
{
static
void
Main(
string
[] args)
{
OutPutBindingElements(
new
BasicHttpBinding());
OutPutBindingElements(
new
WSHttpBinding());
OutPutBindingElements(
new
NetTcpBinding());
OutPutBindingElements(
new
NetNamedPipeBinding());
OutPutBindingElements(
new
NetMsmqBinding());
Console.ReadLine();
}
static
void
OutPutBindingElements(Binding binding)
{
Console.WriteLine(
"
Binding:{0}
"
, binding.GetType().Name);
Console.WriteLine(
"
MessageVersion:{0}
"
, binding.MessageVersion);
BindingElementCollection elements
=
binding.CreateBindingElements();
foreach
(BindingElement element
in
elements)
{
Console.WriteLine(
"
{0}
"
, element.GetType().FullName);
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}
执行的结果如下：
从结果可以看出，只有BasicHttpBinding使用SOAP1.1而且是AddressingNone。其他绑定使用的都是SOAP1.2,Addressing10的消息版本。下面就写一些代码，查看下这两种消息格式格式化后的消息。为了方便的更换消息版本，使用CustomBinding类定义自定义绑定：
实体类：
using
System;
using
System.Runtime.Serialization;
namespace
FruitModel
{
[DataContract(Namespace
=
"
http://www.cnblogs.com/qiuwuyu
"
)]
public
class
Fruit
{
private
string
m_Name
=
string
.Empty;
private
string
m_Price
=
string
.Empty;
public
Fruit(
string
name,
string
price)
{
m_Name
=
name;
m_Price
=
price;
}
[DataMember]
public
string
Name
{
get
{
return
m_Name; }
set
{ m_Name
=
value; }
}
[DataMember]
public
string
Price
{
get
{
return
m_Price;}
set
{ m_Price
=
value;}
}
}
[DataContract(Namespace
=
"
http://www.cnblogs.com/qiuwuyu
"
)]
public
class
FruitHeader
{
private
string
m_HeaderKey
=
string
.Empty;
[DataMember]
public
string
HeaderKey
{
get
{
return
m_HeaderKey;}
set
{ m_HeaderKey
=
value;}
}
public
FruitHeader(
string
key)
{
m_HeaderKey
=
key;
}
}
}
服务契约：
using
System;
using
System.ServiceModel;
using
System.ServiceModel.Channels;
using
FruitModel;
namespace
IFruitService
{
[ServiceContract(Namespace
=
"
http://www.cnblogs.com/qiuwuyu
"
)]
public
interface
IFruitPriceService
{
[OperationContract(Action
=
"
*
"
,ReplyAction
=
"
*
"
)]
Message GetFruit(Message m);
}
}
服务实现：
using
System;
using
System.Runtime.Serialization;
using
System.ServiceModel;
using
System.ServiceModel.Channels;
using
IFruitService;
using
FruitModel;
namespace
FruitPriceService
{
public
class
FruitPriceService : IFruitPriceService
{
public
Message GetFruit(Message m)
{
Console.WriteLine(m.ToString());
Message message
=
Message.CreateMessage(m.Version,
"
*
"
,
new
Fruit(
"
banana
"
,
"
6.00
"
));
MessageHeader mHeader
=
MessageHeader.CreateHeader(
"
FruitResponseHeader
"
,
"
http://www.cnblogs.com/qiuwuyu
"
,
new
FruitHeader(
"
Response
"
));
message.Headers.Add(mHeader);
return
message;
}
}
}
寄存服务：
using
System;
using
System.ServiceModel;
using
System.ServiceModel.Channels;
using
System.Text;
using
IFruitService;
namespace
WcfMessageHost
{
class
Program
{
static
void
Main(
string
[] args)
{
using
(ServiceHost host
=
new
ServiceHost(
typeof
(FruitPriceService.FruitPriceService),
new
Uri(
"
http://localhost:8000/
"
)))
{
TextMessageEncodingBindingElement textElement
=
new
TextMessageEncodingBindingElement(
MessageVersion.Soap12WSAddressing10, Encoding.UTF8);
CustomBinding customBind
=
new
CustomBinding();
customBind.Elements.Add(textElement);
customBind.Elements.Add(
new
HttpTransportBindingElement());
host.AddServiceEndpoint(
typeof
(IFruitPriceService), customBind,
"
FruitService
"
);
host.Open();
Console.WriteLine(
"
Fruit Service Is Running...
"
);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
}
客户端调用：
using
System;
using
System.ServiceModel;
using
System.ServiceModel.Channels;
using
System.Runtime.Serialization;
using
System.Text;
using
IFruitService;
using
FruitModel;
namespace
WcfMessageClient
{
class
Program
{
static
void
Main(
string
[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine(
"
Fruit Client Is Running...
"
);
EndpointAddress epAddr
=
new
EndpointAddress(
"
http://localhost:8000/FruitService
"
);
TextMessageEncodingBindingElement textElement
=
new
TextMessageEncodingBindingElement(
MessageVersion.Soap12WSAddressing10, Encoding.UTF8);
CustomBinding customBind
=
new
CustomBinding();
customBind.Elements.Add(textElement);
customBind.Elements.Add(
new
HttpTransportBindingElement());
IFruitPriceService proxy
=
ChannelFactory
<
IFruitPriceService
>
.CreateChannel(customBind, epAddr);
MessageHeader mHeader
=
MessageHeader.CreateHeader(
"
FruitHeader
"
,
"
http://www.cnblogs.com/qiuwuyu
"
,
new
FruitHeader(
"
password
"
));
Message message
=
Message.CreateMessage(MessageVersion.Soap12WSAddressing10,
"
*
"
,
new
Fruit(
"
apple
"
,
"
4.00
"
));
message.Headers.Add(mHeader);
Message m
=
proxy.GetFruit(message);
Console.WriteLine(m.ToString());
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
下面是MessageVersion.Soap11的请求消息：
MessageVersion.Soap11的返回消息：
把程序中相应的MessageVersion都更改MessageVersion.Soap12WSAddressing10后的请求消息：
MessageVersion.Soap12WSAddressing10后的返回消息：
从结果对比可以看出，两个版本的消息差别还是很大的。可以用BasicHttpBinding取代早期的asp.net web services服务而不会产生兼容问题，因为它采用的soap1.1以及早期安全标准。