automake/autoconf的简单例子

参考文章1:http://loftor.com/archives/automake.html

参考文章2:http://www.blogjava.net/huyi2006/articles/187908.html

 

项目一 helloworld

整个基础上仅有一个helloworld.c文件,功能也非常简单,只是向屏蔽输出一句hello。

新建一个helloworld目录,然后在里面新建一个文件helloworld.c,内容为:

#include <stdio.h>



int main(int argc, char **agrv)

{

    printf("Hello, Merlin\n");



    return 0;

}

执行命令autoscan生成一个架构configure.scan,将其重新命名为configure.ac(新版本使用ac后缀名,不再使用in后缀),此时目录中含有以下文件

merlin@tfAnalysis:~/t/hellworld$ ls

autoscan.log  configure.ac  helloworld.c

原configure.scan的内容为:

#                                               -*- Autoconf -*-

# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.



AC_PREREQ([2.69])

AC_INIT([FULL-PACKAGE-NAME], [VERSION], [BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS])

AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([helloworld.c])

AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])



# Checks for programs.

AC_PROG_CC



# Checks for libraries.



# Checks for header files.



# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.



# Checks for library functions.



AC_OUTPUT

将其修改为以下样子:

#                                               -*- Autoconf -*-

# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.



AC_PREREQ([2.69])

AC_INIT(helloworld, 0.1, [email protected])

AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR(helloworld.c)

#AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])

AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE



# Checks for programs.

AC_PROG_CC



# Checks for libraries.



# Checks for header files.



# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.



# Checks for library functions.



AC_OUTPUT(Makefile)

AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR(helloworld.c)的功能是在./configure时检测文件helloworld.c是否存在,从而检测源码的正确性。

 

依次执行aclocal和autoconf两人个命令,此时文件夹中内容为:

merlin@tfAnalysis:~/t/hellworld$ ls

aclocal.m4  autom4te.cache  autoscan.log  configure  configure.ac  helloworld.c

新建文件Makefile.am文件,并填写入以下内容:

AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = foreign

bin_PROGRAMS = helloworld

helloworld_SOURCES = helloworld.c

执行automake --add-missing

merlin@tfAnalysis:~/t/hellworld$ automake --add-missing

configure.ac:11: installing './compile'

configure.ac:8: installing './install-sh'

configure.ac:8: installing './missing'

Makefile.am: installing './depcomp'

此时文件夹中内容为:

merlin@tfAnalysis:~/t/hellworld$ ls

aclocal.m4      compile       depcomp       Makefile.am

autom4te.cache  configure     helloworld.c  Makefile.in

autoscan.log    configure.ac  install-sh    missing

这个时候就可以使用./configure来生成Makefile文件了

merlin@tfAnalysis:~/t/hellworld$ ./configure 

checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c

checking whether build environment is sane... yes

checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p

checking for gawk... gawk

checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes

checking whether make supports nested variables... yes

checking for gcc... gcc

checking whether the C compiler works... yes

checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out

checking for suffix of executables... 

checking whether we are cross compiling... no

checking for suffix of object files... o

checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes

checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes

checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed

checking whether gcc understands -c and -o together... yes

checking for style of include used by make... GNU

checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3

checking that generated files are newer than configure... done

configure: creating ./config.status

config.status: creating Makefile

config.status: executing depfiles commands

编译出来试试:

merlin@tfAnalysis:~/t/hellworld$ make

gcc -DPACKAGE_NAME=\"helloworld\" -DPACKAGE_TARNAME=\"helloworld\" -DPACKAGE_VERSION=\"0.1\" -DPACKAGE_STRING=\"helloworld\ 0.1\" -DPACKAGE_BUGREPORT=\"[email protected]\" -DPACKAGE_URL=\"\" -DPACKAGE=\"helloworld\" -DVERSION=\"0.1\" -I.     -g -O2 -MT helloworld.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/helloworld.Tpo -c -o helloworld.o helloworld.c

mv -f .deps/helloworld.Tpo .deps/helloworld.Po

gcc  -g -O2   -o helloworld helloworld.o  

merlin@tfAnalysis:~/t/hellworld$ ls

aclocal.m4      config.log     depcomp       install-sh   missing

autom4te.cache  config.status  helloworld    Makefile

autoscan.log    configure      helloworld.c  Makefile.am

compile         configure.ac   helloworld.o  Makefile.in

merlin@tfAnalysis:~/t/hellworld$ ./helloworld 

Hello, Merlin

 

项目二 tfadc

 这个工程稍微复杂一些,具体的结构是这样子的:

tfadc/

scripts/

src/

cmdline.c

confile.c

main.c

network.c

db/

include/

tfadp/

tfadp.c

tfana/

tfana.c

在tfadc目录下面运行autoscan命令,此时获得的configure.scan需要修改成configure.ac,是以下样子:

#                                               -*- Autoconf -*-

# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.



AC_PREREQ([2.69])

AC_INIT([tfadc], [0.2], [[email protected]])

AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([config.h.in])

AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])

AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE



# Checks for programs.

AC_PROG_CC



# Checks for libraries.



# Checks for header files.

AC_CHECK_HEADERS([netinet/in.h stdlib.h string.h])



# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.



# Checks for library functions.

AC_CHECK_FUNCS([bzero socket strerror])



#AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])

AC_OUTPUT(

    Makefile

    src/Makefile

    )

在tfadc目录下面新建一个Makefile.am,这里指示还有子目录为src,表明子目录中有Makefile.am文件:

AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = foreign



SUBDIRS = src

#EXTRA_DIST = doc/userguide

新建另外一个文件src/Makefile.am,这里没有指示其还有子目录的Makefile.am,而是让如tfadp下的源码使用tfadp/tfadp.c这样的形式引入到本Makefile.am中来,这个时候需要在AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS中加入subdir-objects参数:

AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = foreign subdir-objects



bin_PROGRAMS = tfadc

tfadc_SOURCES = cmdline.c confile.c main.c network.c tfadp/tfadp.c tfana/tfana.c

#tfadc_LDADD = db/db.a tfana/tfana.a

如果想要把tfana中的文件编译成库文件的话,则需要在tfana中新建一个Makefile.am,那么上面的src/Makefile.am就需要添加一个SUBDIRS = tfana了,并且还需要修改src/Makefile.am加上tfadc_LDADD = tfana/tfana.a这一行。具体如何操作还需要看一看网上的例程(参数链接2)。

添加完两个Makefile.am之后就可以使用automake --add-missing生成configure文件了,后面的步骤就简单了./configure && make...

 

本文将持续完善,将在未来的实际项目时添加以下内容

1 配置安装路径等选项

2 添加配置选项(./configure --enable-xxx)

3 如果软件有配置文件则如何拷贝到实际环境中

4 静态库生成与动态库生成方法

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