阿里云64位centos6.3系统上编译安装redis
环境
系统：阿里云64位centos 6.3
[rao@AY~]$ cat /etc/issue CentOS release 6.3 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m [rao@AY~]$ uname -a Linux AY1404062027584053a1Z 2.6.32-358.6.2.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu May 16 20:59:36 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
下载最新版redis:
[rao@~Packages]$ wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-2.8.9.tar.gz [rao@~Packages]$ tar zxvf redis-2.8.9.tar.gz
编译redis:
[rao@~ Packages]$ tar zxvf redis-2.8.9.tar.gz [rao@~ Packages]$ cd redis-2.8.9 [rao@~ redis-2.8.9]$ make
报错：
cd src && make all make[1]: Entering directory `/home/rao/Packages/redis-2.8.9/src' CC adlist.o 在包含自 /usr/include/features.h：385 的文件中， 从 /usr/include/stdlib.h：25， 从 adlist.c：32: /usr/include/gnu/stubs.h:7:27: 错误：gnu/stubs-32.h：没有那个文件或目录 make[1]: *** [adlist.o] 错误 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/rao/Packages/redis-2.8.9/src' make: *** [all] 错误 2
redis的README中有说明：
In case of build errors when trying to build a 32 bit binary of Redis, try
the following steps:
* Install the packages libc6-dev-i386 (also try g++-multilib).
但是centos中并没有libc6-dev-i386这个包，查了一下需要的头文件在glibc-devel这个包中。
安装glibc-devel:
[rao@~ Packages]$ sudo yum install glibc-devel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.107.el6_4.2 will be updated ---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 will be an update --> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.12-1.132.el6 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-1.132.el6 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.107.el6_4.2 will be updated --> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-1.107.el6_4.2 for package: nscd-2.12-1.107.el6_4.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-1.107.el6_4.2 for package: glibc-common-2.12-1.107.el6_4.2.x86_64 ---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 will be an update ---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.107.el6_4.2 will be updated ---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 will be an update --> Running transaction check ---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.107.el6_4.2 will be updated ---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 will be an update ---> Package nscd.x86_64 0:2.12-1.107.el6_4.2 will be updated ---> Package nscd.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ====================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ====================================================================================================================== Updating: glibc-devel x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 base 978 k Updating for dependencies: glibc x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 base 3.8 M glibc-common x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 base 14 M glibc-headers x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 base 608 k nscd x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 base 219 k Transaction Summary ====================================================================================================================== Upgrade 5 Package(s) Total download size: 20 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/5): glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm | 3.8 MB 00:00 (2/5): glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm | 14 MB 00:02 (3/5): glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm | 978 kB 00:00 (4/5): glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm | 608 kB 00:00 (5/5): nscd-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm | 219 kB 00:00 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 5.7 MB/s | 20 MB 00:03 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Updating : glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 1/10 Updating : glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 2/10 Updating : glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 3/10 Updating : glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 4/10 Updating : nscd-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 5/10 warning: /etc/nscd.conf created as /etc/nscd.conf.rpmnew Cleanup : glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6_4.2.x86_64 6/10 Cleanup : glibc-headers-2.12-1.107.el6_4.2.x86_64 7/10 Cleanup : nscd-2.12-1.107.el6_4.2.x86_64 8/10 Cleanup : glibc-common-2.12-1.107.el6_4.2.x86_64 9/10 Cleanup : glibc-2.12-1.107.el6_4.2.x86_64 10/10 Verifying : glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 1/10 Verifying : glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 2/10 Verifying : glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 3/10 Verifying : nscd-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 4/10 Verifying : glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 5/10 Verifying : glibc-common-2.12-1.107.el6_4.2.x86_64 6/10 Verifying : glibc-2.12-1.107.el6_4.2.x86_64 7/10 Verifying : glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6_4.2.x86_64 8/10 Verifying : glibc-headers-2.12-1.107.el6_4.2.x86_64 9/10 Verifying : nscd-2.12-1.107.el6_4.2.x86_64 10/10 Updated: glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 Dependency Updated: glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 nscd.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 Complete!
继续make，还是报同样的错误。但是明明已经安装了glibc-devel包啊？
[rao@~ redis-2.8.9]$ ls /usr/include/gnu/ libc-version.h lib-names.h stubs-64.h stubs.h
确实没有所需要的头文件“gnu/stubs-32.h”。
再检查安装glibc-devel包的过程，其安装的包名称是“glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm”，从yum的源（http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/）中下载该rpm包，解压察看发现：该rpm包中确实没有头文件“gnu/stubs-32.h”。
也就是说：通过“sudo yum install glibc-devel”命令安装的“glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm”中并不是我们需要的rpm包？
那么到底需要安装哪个rpm包呢？
刚才在yum的源中，注意到存在两个版本号相同的glibc-devel：
glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686.rpm 25-Nov-2013 03:29 1001468
glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm 25-Nov-2013 03:31 1001012
第二个就是刚才通过“sudo yum install glibc-devel”命令安装的包，从名字看是64位系统的，那么第一个就应该是32位的。
下载第一个包“glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686.rpm”，解压看看里面有什么文件：
[rao@~ Packages]$ rpm2cpio glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686.rpm | cpio -div ./usr/include/gnu/stubs-32.h ./usr/lib/Mcrt1.o ./usr/lib/Scrt1.o ./usr/lib/crt1.o ./usr/lib/crti.o ./usr/lib/crtn.o ./usr/lib/gcrt1.o ./usr/lib/libBrokenLocale.so ./usr/lib/libanl.so ./usr/lib/libbsd-compat.a ./usr/lib/libbsd.a ./usr/lib/libc.so ./usr/lib/libc_nonshared.a ./usr/lib/libcidn.so ./usr/lib/libcrypt.so ./usr/lib/libdl.so ./usr/lib/libg.a ./usr/lib/libieee.a ./usr/lib/libm.so ./usr/lib/libmcheck.a ./usr/lib/libnsl.so ./usr/lib/libnss_compat.so ./usr/lib/libnss_dns.so ./usr/lib/libnss_files.so ./usr/lib/libnss_hesiod.so ./usr/lib/libnss_nis.so ./usr/lib/libnss_nisplus.so ./usr/lib/libpthread.so ./usr/lib/libpthread_nonshared.a ./usr/lib/libresolv.so ./usr/lib/librpcsvc.a ./usr/lib/librt.so ./usr/lib/libthread_db.so ./usr/lib/libutil.so ./usr/share/info/libc.info-1.gz ./usr/share/info/libc.info-10.gz ./usr/share/info/libc.info-11.gz ./usr/share/info/libc.info-2.gz ./usr/share/info/libc.info-3.gz ./usr/share/info/libc.info-4.gz ./usr/share/info/libc.info-5.gz ./usr/share/info/libc.info-6.gz ./usr/share/info/libc.info-7.gz ./usr/share/info/libc.info-8.gz ./usr/share/info/libc.info-9.gz ./usr/share/info/libc.info.gz 1920 块
可以看到里面刚好有我们需要的头文件“gnu/stubs-32.h”。
那么执行“sudo yum install glibc-devel”命令为什么安装的是“glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm”而不是我们需要的“glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686.rpm”包呢？
我猜是在64位系统中，yum在安装时发现同一个包存在两个版本时，默认优先安装64位的rpm包。
那该怎么让yum安装“glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686.rpm”呢？
既然我已经下载了该包，就用rpm命令手动安装试试看：
[rao@~ redis-2.8.9]$ sudo rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686.rpm error: Failed dependencies: libBrokenLocale.so.1 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 libanl.so.1 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 libcidn.so.1 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 libcrypt.so.1 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 libdl.so.2 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 libm.so.6 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 libnsl.so.1 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 libnss_compat.so.2 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 libnss_dns.so.2 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 libnss_files.so.2 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 libnss_hesiod.so.2 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 libnss_nis.so.2 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 libnss_nisplus.so.2 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 libresolv.so.2 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 librt.so.1 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 libthread_db.so.1 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686 libutil.so.1 is needed by glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686
看来不行，缺少一堆依赖文件。
网上查到可以通过"yum install glibc-devel.i686"命令安装32位的glibc-devel：
[rao@~ redis-2.8.9]$ sudo yum install glibc-devel.i686 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com Setting up Install Process No package glibc-devel.i686 available. Error: Nothing to do
找不到？明明有这个包啊。。。。
[rao@~ redis-2.8.9]$ yum list|grep libc glibc.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 @base glibc-common.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 @base glibc-devel.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 @base glibc-headers.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 @base libcap.x86_64 2.16-5.5.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libcap-ng.x86_64 0.6.4-3.el6_0.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libcom_err.x86_64 1.41.12-18.el6 @base libcom_err-devel.x86_64 1.41.12-18.el6 @base libcurl.x86_64 7.19.7-26.el6_2.4 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 compat-glibc.x86_64 1:2.5-46.2 base compat-glibc-headers.x86_64 1:2.5-46.2 base compat-libcap1.x86_64 1.10-1 base glibc-static.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 base glibc-utils.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 base libc-client.x86_64 2007e-11.el6 base libc-client-devel.x86_64 2007e-11.el6 base libcacard.x86_64 0.15.0-2.el6 base libcacard-devel.x86_64 0.15.0-2.el6 base libcacard-tools.x86_64 0.15.0-2.el6 base libcanberra.x86_64 0.22-1.el6.centos base libcanberra-devel.x86_64 0.22-1.el6.centos base libcanberra-gtk2.x86_64 0.22-1.el6.centos base libcap-devel.x86_64 2.16-5.5.el6 base libcap-ng-devel.x86_64 0.6.4-3.el6_0.1 base libcap-ng-python.x86_64 0.6.4-3.el6_0.1 base libcap-ng-utils.x86_64 0.6.4-3.el6_0.1 base libcdio.x86_64 0.81-3.1.el6 base libcdio-devel.x86_64 0.81-3.1.el6 base libcgroup.x86_64 0.40.rc1-5.el6_5.1 updates libcgroup-devel.x86_64 0.40.rc1-5.el6_5.1 updates libcgroup-pam.x86_64 0.40.rc1-5.el6_5.1 updates libchewing.x86_64 0.3.2-27.el6 base libchewing-devel.x86_64 0.3.2-27.el6 base libchewing-python.x86_64 0.3.2-27.el6 base libcmpiCppImpl0.x86_64 2.0.1-5.el6 base libcmpiutil.x86_64 0.5.6-1.el6 base libcmpiutil-devel.x86_64 0.5.6-1.el6 base libcollection.x86_64 0.6.0-9.el6 base libcollection-devel.x86_64 0.6.0-9.el6 base libconfig.x86_64 1.3.2-1.1.el6 base libconfig-devel.x86_64 1.3.2-1.1.el6 base libcroco.x86_64 0.6.2-5.el6 base libcroco-devel.x86_64 0.6.2-5.el6 base libcurl.x86_64 7.19.7-37.el6_4 base libcurl-devel.x86_64 7.19.7-37.el6_4 base libcxgb3.x86_64 1.3.1-1.el6 base libcxgb3-static.x86_64 1.3.1-1.el6 base libcxgb4.x86_64 1.2.0-1.el6 base libcxgb4-static.x86_64 1.2.0-1.el6 base
可以看到yum命令确实只能找到64位的rpm包，但yum的源中又确实有32位的rpm包啊。。。问题处在哪呢？
打开yum的配置文件/etc/yum.conf看看，发现一行可疑的配置：
exclude=*.i?86 kernel kernel-xen kernel-debug
从内容看，似乎yum刻意忽略了32位的rpm包？
不管三七二十一，去掉试试看，修改成如下：
exclude= kernel kernel-xen kernel-debug
[rao@AY1404062027584053a1Z etc]$ yum list |grep glibc glibc.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 @base glibc-common.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 @base glibc-devel.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 @base glibc-headers.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 @base compat-glibc.x86_64 1:2.5-46.2 base compat-glibc-headers.x86_64 1:2.5-46.2 base glibc.i686 2.12-1.132.el6 base glibc-devel.i686 2.12-1.132.el6 base glibc-static.i686 2.12-1.132.el6 base glibc-static.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 base glibc-utils.x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 base
果然多了一个32位的rpm包，看来有戏。
再执行命令”sudo yum install glibc-devel.i686",终于安装成功了。
再继续编译redis，很快就搞定了。
总结：
原因：阿里云64位centos6.3上，默认的yum配置不安装32位的rpm包，导致编译redis需要的“glibc-devel.i686”无法被安装。
解决办法：修改yum的配置文件/etc/yum.conf,将”exclude=*.i?86 kernel kernel-xen kernel-debug“改成”exclude= kernel kernel-xen kernel-debug“即可。
不确定这个配置是centos的默认配置，还是阿里云的修改，总之很坑爹，浪费了我一个美好的周末。