etcd

• 程序启动的用户                    etcd
• 程序systemd service文件     见下面
• 主目录                                   etcd没有这个
• 主目录/二进制                       三个二进制放在/usr/local/etcd
• 主目录/配置                          配置在/etc/etcd.conf.yml         
• 主目录/数据                          /var/lib/etcd
• 主目录/日志                         
• 动态库或插件

install:

1，安装脚本： (安装脚本可与2配置文件一起使用，做自动化静态集群部署)

这里有一个问题是，如果直接用etcd用户启动etcd，在systemctl start etcd时，是没有权限创建/var/lib/etcd下面的各种数据文件的。

所以，这里先用root启动起来，文件创建出来。然后停掉etcd service。再然后更改/var/lib/etcd的权限 chown -R etcd:etcd /var/lib/etcd，在编辑

/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service 加入User=etcd,Group=etcd ,再启动etcd service。

#!/bin/sh

groupadd etcd
useradd -r -g etcd -s /sbin/nologin etcd
wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/etcd/v3.5.1/etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mkdir -p /usr/local/etcd
cd etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64
cp etcd etcdctl etcdutl /usr/local/etcd
chown -R etcd:etcd /usr/local/etcd

sudo cat >>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo<[Unit]
Description=etcd process
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]

Type=simple
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/local/etcd/etcd --config-file /etc/etcd.conf.yml

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl enable etcd
systemctl daemon-reload

sudo cp etcd.conf.yml /etc
systemctl start etcd
systemctl status etcd

systemctl stop etcd

chown -R etcd:etcd /var/lib/etcd
sudo cat >>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo<[Unit]
Description=etcd process
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]

User=etcd
Group=etcd

Type=simple
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/local/etcd/etcd --config-file /etc/etcd.conf.yml

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl start etcd
systemctl status etcd

2，配置文件：

# This is the configuration file for the etcd server.

# Human-readable name for this member.
name: 'etcd1'

# Path to the data directory.
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd

# Path to the dedicated wal directory.
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd

# Number of committed transactions to trigger a snapshot to disk.
snapshot-count: 10000

# Time (in milliseconds) of a heartbeat interval.
heartbeat-interval: 100

# Time (in milliseconds) for an election to timeout.
election-timeout: 1000

# Raise alarms when backend size exceeds the given quota. 0 means use the
# default quota.
quota-backend-bytes: 0

# List of comma separated URLs to listen on for peer traffic.
listen-peer-urls: http://192.168.:2380

# List of comma separated URLs to listen on for client traffic.
listen-client-urls: http://192.168:2379

# Maximum number of snapshot files to retain (0 is unlimited).
max-snapshots: 5

# Maximum number of wal files to retain (0 is unlimited).
max-wals: 5

# Comma-separated white list of origins for CORS (cross-origin resource sharing).
cors:

# List of this member's peer URLs to advertise to the rest of the cluster.
# The URLs needed to be a comma-separated list.
initial-advertise-peer-urls: http://192.168:2380

# List of this member's client URLs to advertise to the public.
# The URLs needed to be a comma-separated list.
advertise-client-urls: http://192.168:2379

# Discovery URL used to bootstrap the cluster.
discovery:

# Valid values include 'exit', 'proxy'
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'

# HTTP proxy to use for traffic to discovery service.
discovery-proxy:

# DNS domain used to bootstrap initial cluster.
discovery-srv:

# Initial cluster configuration for bootstrapping.
initial-cluster: etcd1=http://192.168.1:2380,etcd2=http://192.16:2380,etcd3=http://192.168.:2380

# Initial cluster token for the etcd cluster during bootstrap.
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-cluster1'

# Initial cluster state ('new' or 'existing').
initial-cluster-state: 'new'

# Reject reconfiguration requests that would cause quorum loss.
strict-reconfig-check: false

# Accept etcd V2 client requests
enable-v2: true

# Enable runtime profiling data via HTTP server
enable-pprof: true

# Valid values include 'on', 'readonly', 'off'
proxy: 'off'

# Time (in milliseconds) an endpoint will be held in a failed state.
proxy-failure-wait: 5000

# Time (in milliseconds) of the endpoints refresh interval.
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000

# Time (in milliseconds) for a dial to timeout.
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000

# Time (in milliseconds) for a write to timeout.
proxy-write-timeout: 5000

# Time (in milliseconds) for a read to timeout.
proxy-read-timeout: 0

client-transport-security:
# Path to the client server TLS cert file.
cert-file:

# Path to the client server TLS key file.
key-file:

# Enable client cert authentication.
client-cert-auth: false

# Path to the client server TLS trusted CA cert file.
trusted-ca-file:

# Client TLS using generated certificates
auto-tls: false

peer-transport-security:
# Path to the peer server TLS cert file.
cert-file:

# Path to the peer server TLS key file.
key-file:

# Enable peer client cert authentication.
client-cert-auth: false

# Path to the peer server TLS trusted CA cert file.
trusted-ca-file:

# Peer TLS using generated certificates.
auto-tls: false

# The validity period of the self-signed certificate, the unit is year.
self-signed-cert-validity: 1

# Enable debug-level logging for etcd.
log-level: debug

logger: zap

# Specify 'stdout' or 'stderr' to skip journald logging even when running under systemd.
log-outputs: [stderr]

# Force to create a new one member cluster.
force-new-cluster: false

auto-compaction-mode: periodic
auto-compaction-retention: "1"

解释说明：

创建etcd的用户和组：(创建service文件的时候需要使用)

groupadd etcd

useradd -r -g etcd -s /sbin/nologin etcd

wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.1/etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz

或者国内华为镜像

wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/etcd/v3.5.1/etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz

tar -zxvf etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz

mkdir -p  /usr/local/etcd

cd etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64

cp etcd etcdctl etcdutl /usr/local/etcd

 chown -R etcd:etcd /usr/local/etcd  (这里把二进制给与etcd用户？)
 chown -R etcd:etcd /var/lib/etcd     (二进制程序给etcd用户和组，数据目录也给etcd用户和组)

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service

[Unit]
Description=etcd process
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]

User=etcd
Group=etcd

Type=simple
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/local/etcd/etcd --config-file /etc/etcd.conf.yml

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

systemctl enable etcd

systemc service:

[Unit]

这里有问题，没有after网络
Description=etcd process

[Service]
Type=simple
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/local/etcd/etcd --config-file /etc/etcd.conf.yml

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl enable etcd

systemctl start etcd

systemctl status etcd

/usr/local/etcd/etcd --version

 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

使用：

etcdctl --endpoints=ip地址:2379 put greeting "Hello, etcd"

etcdctl --endpoints=IP地址:2379 get greeting

管理：

角色控制，就两步，一，root用户初始化。二，使用已初始化的root用户添加管理新用户

etcdctl  --endpoints=ip:2379   user list     列出用户，如果没设置会为空

etcdctl  --endpoints=ip:2379   member  list  列出集群成员 

etcdctl --endpoints=ip:2379    role list          列出角色 如果没设置会为空。

etcdctl --endpoints=:2379 role add root    添加一个root角色
1008 etcdctl --endpoints=:2379 role list    可以看到root角色列出来
1009 etcdctl --endpoints=:2379 user add root   添加一个root用户(这个必须最先做，要在开启角色控制之前，其实就是最开始的root用户初始化，和mysql一样)
1011 etcdctl --endpoints=:2379 user grant-role root(用户名) root(角色名) 给某个用户加某个角色(root用户必须给root角色)
1013 etcdctl --endpoints=:2379 auth status 查看访问控制状态，没开启会为false
1014 etcdctl --endpoints=:2379 auth enable 开启授权，访问控制
1016 etcdctl --endpoints=:2379 auth status  因为已经开启访问控制，没有指定用户名和密码，所有报错
1017 etcdctl --endpoints=:2379 user list      因为已经开启访问控制，没有指定用户名和密码，所有报错

etcdctl --endpoints=:2379 --user root user list   加了--user option，此时需要输入root密码，就可以看到用户列表

etcdctl  --help

etcdctl [flags]，flags其实就是[options] [commands]

比如etcdctl --endpoints=ip:2379(--endpoints option) --user=root(--user options) user (etcdctl 的command)list(sub command，也就是user的command) 

 工作流：

角色控制，就两步，一，root用户初始化。二，使用已初始化的root用户添加管理新用户

/usr/local/etcd/etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS  role add root 

user add root  

user grant-role root  root(角色名) 给某个用户加某个角色(root用户必须给root角色)

auth enable

--user root user list  

创建一个app用户，etcdctl --endpoints=:2379 user add app

一个app角色，role add app

并把app用户和app角色绑定：user grant-role root  root

在给app角色赋予以config开头的key的读写权限，

 etcdctl --user=root --endpoints=ip:2379  role grant-permission app --prefix=true readwrite /config/

 etcdctl  --endpoints=:2379  --user=root role get app   查看app角色被赋予了哪些权限。

运行时配置：

https://etcd.io/docs/v3.5/op-guide/runtime-configuration/

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

集群：

几个url，两个节点间用的，两个对外客户端用的，这四个url都可以配置成逗号分割的列表形式：

节点间2380，客户端2379

--initial-advertise-peer-urls http://10.0.1.12:2380 \

 --advertise-client-urls http://10.0.1.12:2379

--listen-peer-urls http://10.0.1.12:2380 \
--listen-client-urls http://10.0.1.12:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \

节点间服务发现url：initial-advertise-peer-urls。做静态集群初始化配置–initial-cluster 时需要使用：

节点间心跳，数据同步url：listen-peer-urls

因为etcd是无主对等分布式架构，所以有集群对外提供服务的监听url集合：advertise-client-urls

单机监听客户端url：listen-client-urls

集群配置：

https://etcd.io/docs/v3.5/op-guide/clustering/

–name

• Human-readable name for this member.
• default: “default”
• env variable: ETCD_NAME
• This value is referenced as this node’s own entries listed in the --initial-cluster flag (e.g., default=http://localhost:2380). This needs to match the key used in the flag if using static bootstrapping. When using discovery, each member must have a unique name. Hostname or machine-id can be a good choice
• 名字标识或者说节点名，当使用静态方式搭建集群时，做为key

–initial-cluster

• Initial cluster configuration for bootstrapping.
• default: “default=http://localhost:2380”
• env variable: ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER
• The key is the value of the --name flag for each node provided. The default uses default for the key because this is the default for the --name flag

初始集群配置，这里的url要注意，Note that the URLs specified in  initial-cluster are the  advertised peer URLs, i.e. they should match the value of  initial-advertise-peer-urls on the respective nodes.，是initial-advertise-peer-urls节点间服务发现url

集群标识：

initial-cluster-token  

listen-client-urls

etcd listens on  listen-client-urls to accept client traffic。Multiple URLs may be used to specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The etcd will respond to requests from any of the listed addresses and ports.

搭建三节点etcd集群：

On each machine, start etcd with these flags:(也可以分别在配置文件里指定)

$ etcd --name infra0(节点名) --initial-advertise-peer-urls http://10.0.1.10:2380(广播服务发现节点地址) \
  --listen-peer-urls http://10.0.1.10:2380(节点间心跳数据同步等地址) \
  --listen-client-urls http://10.0.1.10:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379() \
  --advertise-client-urls http://10.0.1.10:2379(集群整体对外提供监听客户端地址列表广播客户端地址) \ 
  --initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1(集群id名) \ --initial-cluster infra0=http://10.0.1.10:2380,infra1=http://10.0.1.11:2380,infra2=http://10.0.1.12:2380(集群静态成员列表) \
 --initial-cluster-state new (初始化集群，Initial cluster state (“new” or “existing”). Set to new for all members present during initial static or DNS bootstrapping.) 

$ etcd --name infra1 --initial-advertise-peer-urls http://10.0.1.11:2380 \
  --listen-peer-urls http://10.0.1.11:2380 \
  --listen-client-urls http://10.0.1.11:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
  --advertise-client-urls http://10.0.1.11:2379 \
  --initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \
  --initial-cluster infra0=http://10.0.1.10:2380,infra1=http://10.0.1.11:2380,infra2=http://10.0.1.12:2380 \
  --initial-cluster-state new

$ etcd --name infra2 --initial-advertise-peer-urls http://10.0.1.12:2380 \
  --listen-peer-urls http://10.0.1.12:2380 \
  --listen-client-urls http://10.0.1.12:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
  --advertise-client-urls http://10.0.1.12:2379 \
  --initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \
  --initial-cluster infra0=http://10.0.1.10:2380,infra1=http://10.0.1.11:2380,infra2=http://10.0.1.12:2380 \
  --initial-cluster-state new

查看集群成员：

1，   vi /etc/profile  配置etcd环境变量

#etcd
export etcd_host1=192.168.
export etcd_host2=192.168.6
export etcd_host3=192.168.7
ENDPOINTS=$etcd_host1:2379,$etcd_host2:2379,$etcd_host3:2379

source /etc/profile

2，放通防火墙：

ansible etcd -m shell -a "firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=2380/tcp --permanent"

ansible etcd -m shell -a "firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=2379/tcp --permanent"

ansible etcd -m shell -a " firewall-cmd --reload"

etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS member list

etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS endpoint status --write-out="table"

etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS endpoint health --write-out="table"

节点上下线：

etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS member add|remove

运行时配置：

比如集群节点上下线

https://etcd.io/docs/v3.5/op-guide/runtime-configuration/

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
etcd配置文件：

配置文件参考：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/release-3.4/etcd.conf.yml.sample

• -advertise-client-urls
  • 就是客户端(etcdctl/curl等)跟etcd服务进行交互时请求的url
• --listen-client-urls
  • 这个参数是etcd服务器自己监听时用的，也就是说，监听本机上的哪个网卡，哪个端口

–log-level  日志级别

• Configures log level. Only supports debug, info, warn, error, panic, or fatal.
• default: info

/etc/etcd.conf

# This is the configuration file for the etcd server.
	# Human-readable name for this member.
	name: 'default'
	# Path to the data directory.
	data-dir:
	# Path to the dedicated wal directory.
	wal-dir:
	# Number of committed transactions to trigger a snapshot to disk.
	snapshot-count: 10000
	# Time (in milliseconds) of a heartbeat interval.
	heartbeat-interval: 100
	# Time (in milliseconds) for an election to timeout.
	election-timeout: 1000
	# Raise alarms when backend size exceeds the given quota. 0 means use the
	# default quota.
	quota-backend-bytes: 0
	# List of comma separated URLs to listen on for peer traffic.
	listen-peer-urls: http://localhost:2380
	# List of comma separated URLs to listen on for client traffic.
	listen-client-urls: http://localhost:2379
	# Maximum number of snapshot files to retain (0 is unlimited).
	max-snapshots: 5
	# Maximum number of wal files to retain (0 is unlimited).
	max-wals: 5
	# Comma-separated white list of origins for CORS (cross-origin resource sharing).
	cors:
	# List of this member's peer URLs to advertise to the rest of the cluster.
	# The URLs needed to be a comma-separated list.
	initial-advertise-peer-urls: http://localhost:2380
	# List of this member's client URLs to advertise to the public.
	# The URLs needed to be a comma-separated list.
	advertise-client-urls: http://localhost:2379
	# Discovery URL used to bootstrap the cluster.
	discovery:
	# Valid values include 'exit', 'proxy'
	discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
	# HTTP proxy to use for traffic to discovery service.
	discovery-proxy:
	# DNS domain used to bootstrap initial cluster.
	discovery-srv:
	# Initial cluster configuration for bootstrapping.
	initial-cluster:
	# Initial cluster token for the etcd cluster during bootstrap.
	initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-cluster'
	# Initial cluster state ('new' or 'existing').
	initial-cluster-state: 'new'
	# Reject reconfiguration requests that would cause quorum loss.
	strict-reconfig-check: false
	# Accept etcd V2 client requests
	enable-v2: true
	# Enable runtime profiling data via HTTP server
	enable-pprof: true
	# Valid values include 'on', 'readonly', 'off'
	proxy: 'off'
	# Time (in milliseconds) an endpoint will be held in a failed state.
	proxy-failure-wait: 5000
	# Time (in milliseconds) of the endpoints refresh interval.
	proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
	# Time (in milliseconds) for a dial to timeout.
	proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
	# Time (in milliseconds) for a write to timeout.
	proxy-write-timeout: 5000
	# Time (in milliseconds) for a read to timeout.
	proxy-read-timeout: 0
	client-transport-security:
	# Path to the client server TLS cert file.
	cert-file:
	# Path to the client server TLS key file.
	key-file:
	# Enable client cert authentication.
	client-cert-auth: false
	# Path to the client server TLS trusted CA cert file.
	trusted-ca-file:
	# Client TLS using generated certificates
	auto-tls: false
	peer-transport-security:
	# Path to the peer server TLS cert file.
	cert-file:
	# Path to the peer server TLS key file.
	key-file:
	# Enable peer client cert authentication.
	client-cert-auth: false
	# Path to the peer server TLS trusted CA cert file.
	trusted-ca-file:
	# Peer TLS using generated certificates.
	auto-tls: false
	# The validity period of the self-signed certificate, the unit is year.
	self-signed-cert-validity: 1
	# Enable debug-level logging for etcd.
	log-level: debug
	logger: zap
	# Specify 'stdout' or 'stderr' to skip journald logging even when running under systemd.
	log-outputs: [stderr]
	# Force to create a new one member cluster.
	force-new-cluster: false
	auto-compaction-mode: periodic
	auto-compaction-retention: "1"

etcd --config-file  /etc/etcd.conf

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------

使用：

etcdctl --endpoints=ip地址:2379 put greeting "Hello, etcd"

etcdctl --endpoints=IP地址:2379 get greeting