docker基础

Docker架构图

• 镜像（image）
• 容器（container）
• 仓库（repository）

docker pull

docker push

docker run

docker commit

仓库

镜像

容器

命令概览

Docker-hub 国内镜像
镜像地址
1) 阿里云 docker hub mirror
https://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com

如果有账号的, 使用:

[系统分配前缀].mirror.aliyuncs.com
具体上阿里云容器HUB控制台查看.

2) 腾讯云 docker hub mirror
https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com

3) 华为云
https://05f073ad3c0010ea0f4bc00b7105ec20.mirror.swr.myhuaweicloud.com

4) docker中国
https://registry.docker-cn.com

5) 网易
http://hub-mirror.c.163.com

6) daocloud
http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io

修改步骤
直接修改 /etc/docker/daemon.json (docker 版本 >= 1.10 时) 内容为:

{"registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"]}
修改后重启服务:

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
Docker Toolbox 镜像源站
https://developer.aliyun.com/...

Docker CE 镜像源站
https://developer.aliyun.com/...

Dockers常用命令

系统命令

版本信息

docker version

语义：
    显示docker版本信息
    Show the Docker version information
语法：
    docker version [OPTIONS]

root@ubuntu01:~# docker version
Client:
 Version:           20.10.12
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.17.3
 Git commit:        20.10.12-0ubuntu4
 Built:             Mon Mar  7 17:10:06 2022
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true

Server:
 Engine:
  Version:          20.10.12
  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.17.3
  Git commit:       20.10.12-0ubuntu4
  Built:            Mon Mar  7 15:57:50 2022
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.5.9-0ubuntu3
  GitCommit:
 runc:
  Version:          1.1.0-0ubuntu1
  GitCommit:
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:

系统信息

docker info

语义：
    显示系统信息
    Display system-wide information
语法：
    docker info [OPTIONS]

root@ubuntu01:~# docker info
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 3
 Server Version: 20.10.12
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: extfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: systemd
 Cgroup Version: 2
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version:
 runc version:
 init version:
 Security Options:
  apparmor
  seccomp
   Profile: default
  cgroupns
 Kernel Version: 5.15.0-47-generic
 Operating System: Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 2
 Total Memory: 3.799GiB
 Name: ubuntu01
 ID: 6ADA:43LE:7TEJ:YVTJ:CD44:MURH:KH2K:EQ3D:SLXU:G5CW:ZGJQ:5MXD
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
  https://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/
 Live Restore Enabled: false

帮助命令

docker --help

语义：
    帮助信息
    Help about the command
语法：
    docker COMMAND --help

docker --help
docker pull --help
docker image --help
docker image ls --help
docker container --help
docker container ls --help

镜像命令(docker image)

root@ubuntu01:~# docker image --help

Usage:  docker image COMMAND

Manage images

Commands:
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  history     Show the history of an image
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more images
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  ls          List images
  prune       Remove unused images
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rm          Remove one or more images
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE

Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

搜索镜像

docker search

语义：
	搜索镜像
	Search the Docker Hub for images
语法：
    docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
参数：
    -f key=value : 筛选

root@ubuntu01:~# docker search mysql
NAME                            DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                           MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   13152     [OK]
mariadb                         MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   5024      [OK]
phpmyadmin                      phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   622       [OK]
percona                         Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   584       [OK]
bitnami/mysql                   Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      76                   [OK]
databack/mysql-backup           Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         66
linuxserver/mysql-workbench                                                     43
linuxserver/mysql               A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   37
ubuntu/mysql                    MySQL open source fast, stable, multi-thread…   36
circleci/mysql                  MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   27
google/mysql                    MySQL server for Google Compute Engine          21                   [OK]
rapidfort/mysql                 RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQL   13
bitnami/mysqld-exporter                                                         3
ibmcom/mysql-s390x              Docker image for mysql-s390x                    2
vitess/mysqlctld                vitess/mysqlctld                                1                    [OK]
newrelic/mysql-plugin           New Relic Plugin for monitoring MySQL databa…   1                    [OK]
hashicorp/mysql-portworx-demo                                                   0
mirantis/mysql                                                                  0
docksal/mysql                   MySQL service images for Docksal - https://d…   0
cimg/mysql                                                                      0
drud/mysql                                                                      0
silintl/mysql-backup-restore    Simple docker image to perform mysql backups…   0                    [OK]
corpusops/mysql                 https://github.com/corpusops/docker-images/     0
drud/mysql-docker-local-57      This repo has been deprecated, new tags are …   0
drud/mysql-local-57             ddev mysql local container                      0


root@ubuntu01:~# docker search mysql -f stars=1000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   13152     [OK]
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   5024      [OK]

拉取镜像

docker image pull

语义：
	拉取镜像
	Pull an image or a repository from a registry
语法：
    docker image pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]
参数：
    -q : 只显示镜像ID
别名：
    docker pull

root@ubuntu01:~# docker image pull nginx
Using default tag: latest    # 
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
7a6db449b51b: Pull complete
ca1981974b58: Pull complete
d4019c921e20: Pull complete
7cb804d746d4: Pull complete
e7a561826262: Pull complete
7247f6e5c182: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b95a99feebf7797479e0c5eb5ec0bdfa5d9f504bc94da550c2f58e839ea6914f
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest

查看本地镜像

docker image ls

语义：
	列出本地镜像
	List images
语法：
    docker image ls [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
参数：
    -q : 只显示镜像ID
别名：
    docker images

root@ubuntu01:~# docker image ls
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
ubuntu        latest    2dc39ba059dc   6 days ago      77.8MB
mysql         latest    ff3b5098b416   8 days ago      447MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   11 months ago   13.3kB


root@ubuntu01:~# docker image ls -q
2dc39ba059dc
ff3b5098b416
feb5d9fea6a5

删除镜像

docker image rm

语义：
	删除一个或多个镜像
	Remove one or more images
语法：
    docker image rm [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
参数：
    IMAGE 可以是镜像的Name或者容器的ID
    -f : 强制删除
别名：
    docker rmi

root@ubuntu01:~# docker image rm nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:b95a99feebf7797479e0c5eb5ec0bdfa5d9f504bc94da550c2f58e839ea6914f
Deleted: sha256:2b7d6430f78d432f89109b29d88d4c36c868cdbf15dc31d2132ceaa02b993763
Deleted: sha256:83cfe7b2ae78dff709b878ea6827c2b7447910f22f5c18d2155bc4ee678b6589
Deleted: sha256:8354a3628193232756e7e39423937a89bdea9738fcd033e3009c34847d44f1cc
Deleted: sha256:edd004a0175251a1fa027a4949079439eb989b9c9d0dc863c2c834e0da69ed2e
Deleted: sha256:e65b26350d575233ec4815a0ced147030bb9db419084e6a1561aab8c9f05f20e
Deleted: sha256:d75805fc21788b744c171b7ca303a153b34b61b61401c74348b0a16c9bfabbc8
Deleted: sha256:6485bed636274e42b47028c43ad5f9c036dd7cf2b40194bd556ddad2a98eea63


root@ubuntu01:~# docker image rm -f nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:b95a99feebf7797479e0c5eb5ec0bdfa5d9f504bc94da550c2f58e839ea6914f
Deleted: sha256:2b7d6430f78d432f89109b29d88d4c36c868cdbf15dc31d2132ceaa02b993763
Deleted: sha256:83cfe7b2ae78dff709b878ea6827c2b7447910f22f5c18d2155bc4ee678b6589
Deleted: sha256:8354a3628193232756e7e39423937a89bdea9738fcd033e3009c34847d44f1cc
Deleted: sha256:edd004a0175251a1fa027a4949079439eb989b9c9d0dc863c2c834e0da69ed2e
Deleted: sha256:e65b26350d575233ec4815a0ced147030bb9db419084e6a1561aab8c9f05f20e
Deleted: sha256:d75805fc21788b744c171b7ca303a153b34b61b61401c74348b0a16c9bfabbc8
Deleted: sha256:6485bed636274e42b47028c43ad5f9c036dd7cf2b40194bd556ddad2a98eea63

批量删除镜像

# 方法 1
docker image rm -f $(docker image ls -aq)
# 方法 2
docker image ls -aq | xargs docker image rm -f

容器命令(docker container)

容器是由镜像创建的，所以，先有镜像，后有容器
可以将镜像理解为类，容器理解为实例，创建容器就相当于是类的实例化。

root@ubuntu01:~# docker container --help

Usage:  docker container COMMAND

Manage containers

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more containers
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  ls          List containers
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  prune       Remove all stopped containers
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  run         Run a command in a new container
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

创建容器

docker container run

语义：
	创建新容器，并在新容器中运行命令。
	Run a command in a new container
语法：
    docker container run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
参数：
    CONTAINER可以是容器的Name或者容器的ID
    --name=“Name” : 指定容器名字
    -d : 后台运行。创建容器后，让容器在后台运行
    -ti : 交互模式。交互模式下执行exit，容器会停止运行
    -p : 主机端口:容器端口
别名：
    docker  run

# 创建容器，不运行命令
# 容器创建后，如果没有任务可执行或者任务执行完之后，容器会退出。因此，如果创建容器时不添加命令，容器创建后随即停止。
root@ubuntu01:~# docker run ubuntu
root@ubuntu01:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
edcda8245844   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   3 seconds ago   Exited (0) 2 seconds ago             pedantic_bose

# 交互模式-不添加命令
# 交互模式时，分配了一个伪终端（tty）。创建容器时虽然没有手动添加命令，但是容器分配了一个终端，终端等待用户输入，容器不会退出。可以理解为容器正在执行“终端”命令。执行exit后容器退出。
root@ubuntu01:~# docker run -ti ubuntu
[root@2a606ed2d4e3 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@2a606ed2d4e3 /]# exit
exit
root@ubuntu01:~# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
2a606ed2d4e3   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   33 seconds ago   Exited (0) 5 seconds ago             quizzical_shtern

# 交互模式-添加命令/bin/bash
root@ubuntu01:~# docker run -ti ubuntu /bin/bash
[root@984cdb2438cd /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@984cdb2438cd /]# exit
exit
root@ubuntu01:~# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
984cdb2438cd   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   14 seconds ago   Exited (0) 9 seconds ago             pedantic_boyd

# 添加命令
root@ubuntu01:~# docker container run ubuntu /bin/bash # 执行bash，bash执行完之后容器退出
root@ubuntu01:~# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
db15971b8e56   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   6 seconds ago   Exited (0) 6 seconds ago             agitated_lalande
root@ubuntu01:~# docker container run -ti ubuntu /bin/bash # 交互模式下执行bash，容器进入交互模式
[root@91a8f0804e2f /]# exit
exit
root@ubuntu01:~# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
91a8f0804e2f   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   31 seconds ago   Exited (0) 24 seconds ago             unruffled_mccarthy
db15971b8e56   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   56 seconds ago   Exited (0) 56 seconds ago             agitated_lalande
root@ubuntu01:~# docker run -tid ubuntu /bin/bash # 交互模式下后台执行bash，容器在后台运行
480bfe44ebcdd0d00df1129605df5c00bac29026b78bcb21b92da9bc84509043
root@ubuntu01:~# docker container  ls -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
480bfe44ebcd   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   4 seconds ago        Up 3 seconds                              heuristic_gagarin
91a8f0804e2f   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   46 seconds ago       Exited (0) 39 seconds ago                 unruffled_mccarthy
db15971b8e56   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             agitated_lalande

# 指定容器名称  
root@ubuntu01:~# docker container run -tid --name ubuntu_1 ubuntu /bin/bash
c0b564effd23e77154e9a2384a5806ff52e264f37e5e1af9ac85cc7671e4ff5a
root@ubuntu01:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
c0b564effd23   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   3 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds             ubuntu_1

Yes

No

Yes

No