The n-queens puzzle is the problem of placing n queens on an n×n chessboard such that no two queens attack each other.
Given an integer n, return all distinct solutions to the n-queens puzzle.
Each solution contains a distinct board configuration of the n-queens' placement, where 'Q'
and '.'
both indicate a queen and an empty space respectively.
For example,
There exist two distinct solutions to the 4-queens puzzle:
[ [".Q..", // Solution 1 "...Q", "Q...", "..Q."], ["..Q.", // Solution 2 "Q...", "...Q", ".Q.."] ]
N皇后问题,回溯法DFS做,做法比较简单,直接贴代码:
1 public ArrayList<String[]> solveNQueens(int n) { 2 ArrayList<String[]> result = new ArrayList<String[]>(); 3 int pos[] = new int[n]; 4 for (int i = 0; i < pos.length; i++) { 5 pos[i] = -1; 6 } 7 solve(pos, 0, n, result); 8 return result; 9 } 10 11 private void solve(int[] pos, int p, int n, ArrayList<String[]> result) { 12 // TODO Auto-generated method stub 13 if (p >= n) { 14 parse(pos, result, n); 15 return; 16 } 17 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { 18 int j = 0; 19 int temp[] = pos.clone(); 20 for (; j < n; j++) { 21 if (temp[j] == i 22 || (temp[j] >= 0 && Math.abs(temp[j] - i) == Math.abs(p 23 - j))) { 24 break; 25 } 26 } 27 if (j == n) { 28 temp[p] = i; 29 solve(temp, p + 1, n, result); 30 } 31 } 32 } 33 34 private void parse(int[] pos, ArrayList<String[]> result, int n) { 35 // TODO Auto-generated method stub 36 String temp[] = new String[n]; 37 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { 38 String t = ""; 39 for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { 40 if (pos[i] == j) { 41 t += "Q"; 42 } else { 43 t += "."; 44 } 45 } 46 temp[i] = t; 47 } 48 result.add(temp); 49 }
整体复杂度应该是O(N^2)吧
遇到的问题是java参数传递,int数组在传递过程中是什么传递方式?
引用网上的话说就是:
基本类型作为参数传递时,是传递值的拷贝,无论你怎么改变这个拷贝,原值是不会改变的
在Java中对象作为参数传递时,是把对象在内存中的地址拷贝了一份传给了参数
那么数组作为参数传递呢?
public static void change(int[] p){
p[0] = 1;
}
这样一个函数中,如果这样调用:
int p[] = {0,0,0};
for(int i:p){
System.out.print(i+" ");
}
System.out.println();
change(p);
for(int i:p){
System.out.print(i+" ");
}
输出为:
0,0,0
1,0,0
可以看出,结果更改了,说明基本类型的数组作为参数传递时参照对象作为参数传递的方式