1、iBATIS的配置文件
2、对象映射文件
3、编写应用程序
4、自动生成主键
5、DB2保存数据空值问题
6、传入参数
7、Result Map
8、复杂类型属性
9、缓存Mapped Statement结果集
10、动态Mapped Statement
11、事务处理
12、批处理
13、分页查询
14、Ibator
iBATIS 在Java和.NET两种环境下都可以使用,它使得使用数据库变得很容易,iBATIS 通过XML描述文件确定对象和存储过程/SQL语句之间的对应关系。简单是iBATIS DATA Mapper 作为对象关系映射工具最大的优点。
要使用iBATIS Data Mapper,依赖于你的对象、XML、SQL,不需要学习很多你不知道的东西,iBATIS Data Mapper 就可以很方便地获得SQL和存储过程全部强大的能力。
Hibernate、Apache OJB这类ORM框架拥有自己的查询语言,和他们不同的是,iBATIS直接使用SQL,这具有局限性,也就是不能跨数据库使用,需要针对每一种数据库调整SQL语句,但也拥有很大的优点,直接使用SQL使得框架实现变得很简单,映射效率上的可能空间更大一些,可以直接使用SQL实现更高的数据库访问效率,直接使用SQL的特性使得iBATIS在某一些应用环境下更为适合开发的要求。
1、 iBATIS的配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE sqlMapConfig PUBLIC "-//iBATIS.com//DTD SQL Map Config 2.0//EN" "http://www.ibatis.com/dtd/sql-map-config-2.dtd"> <!-- Always ensure to use the correct XML header as above! --> <sqlMapConfig> <!-- The properties (name=value) in the file specified here can be used placeholders in this config file (e.g. “${driver}”. The file is relative to the classpath and is completely optional. --> <properties resource="com/ibatis/SqlMapConfig.properties" /> <!-- These settings control SqlMap configuration details, primarily to do with transaction management. They are all optional (see the Developer Guide for more). --> <settings cacheModelsEnabled="true" enhancementEnabled="true" lazyLoadingEnabled="true" maxRequests="32" maxSessions="10" maxTransactions="5" useStatementNamespaces="false" /> <!-- Type aliases allow you to use a shorter name for long fully qualified class names. --> <typeAlias alias="order" type="testdomain.Order"/> <!-- Configure a datasource to use with this SQL Map using SimpleDataSource. Notice the use of the properties from the above resource --> <transactionManager type="JDBC" > <dataSource type="SIMPLE"> <property name="JDBC.Driver" value="${driver}"/> <property name="JDBC.ConnectionURL" value="${url}"/> <property name="JDBC.Username" value="${username}"/> <property name="JDBC.Password" value="${password}"/> <!-- SIMPLE --> <property name="JDBC.DefaultAutoCommit" value="true" /> <property name="Pool.MaximumActiveConnections" value="10"/> <property name="Pool.MaximumIdleConnections" value="5"/> <property name="Pool.MaximumCheckoutTime" value="120000"/> <property name="Pool.TimeToWait" value="500"/> <property name="Pool.PingQuery" value="select 1 from ACCOUNT"/> <property name="Pool.PingEnabled" value="false"/> <property name="Pool.PingConnectionsOlderThan" value="1"/> <property name="Pool.PingConnectionsNotUsedFor" value="1"/> </dataSource> </transactionManager> <!-- Identify all SQL Map XML files to be loaded by this SQL map. Notice the paths are relative to the classpath. For now, we only have one --> <sqlMap resource="com/ibatis/sample/User.xml" /> <!-- <sqlMap url="file:///c:/config/User.xml " /> --> </sqlMapConfig>
事务管理器别名
JDBC com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransactionConfig
JTA com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionConfig
EXTERNAL com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.transaction.external.ExternalTransactionConfig
Data Source Factory别名
SIMPLE com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.datasource.SimpleDataSourceFactory
DBCP com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.datasource.DbcpDataSourceFactory
JNDI com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.datasource.JndiDataSourceFactory
DBCP的配置
<property name="Pool.MaximumActiveConnections" value="10"/> <property name="Pool.MaximumIdleConnections" value="5"/> <property name="Pool.MaximumWait" value="60000"/> <!-- Use of the validation query can be problematic.If you have difficulty, try without it. --> <property name="Pool.ValidationQuery" value="select 1 from ACCOUNT"/> <property name="Pool.LogAbandoned" value="false"/> <property name="Pool.RemoveAbandoned" value="false"/> <property name="Pool.RemoveAbandonedTimeout" value="50000"/>
JNDI JTA
<transactionManager type="JDBC" > <dataSource type="JNDI"> <property name="DataSource" value="java:comp/env/jdbc/jpetstore"/> </dataSource> </transactionManager> <transactionManager type="JTA" > <property name="UserTransaction" value="java:/ctx/con/UserTransaction"/> <dataSource type="JNDI"> <property name="DataSource" value="java:comp/env/jdbc/jpetstore"/> </dataSource> </transactionManager>
2、对象映射文件
<sqlMap id=”Product”> <cacheModel id=”productCache” type=”LRU”> <flushInterval hours=”24”/> <property name=”size” value=”1000” /> </cacheModel> <typeAlias alias=”product” type=”com.ibatis.example.Product” /> <parameterMap id=”productParam” class=”product”> <parameter property=”id”/> </parameterMap> <resultMap id=”productResult” class=”product”> <result property=”id” column=”PRD_ID”/> <result property=”description” column=”PRD_DESCRIPTION”/> </resultMap> <select id=”getProduct” parameterMap=”productParam” resultMap=”productResult” cacheModel=”product-cache”> select * from PRODUCT where PRD_ID = ? </select> </sqlMap>
也可以简化 来写:
<sqlMap id=”Product”> <select id=”getProduct” parameterClass=” com.ibatis.example.Product” resultClass=”com.ibatis.example.Product”> select PRD_ID as id, PRD_DESCRIPTION as description from PRODUCT where PRD_ID = #id# </select> </sqlMap>
为了在SQL语句中使用特殊符号 可以把SQL放在XML中的CDATA 里面:
<statement id="getPersonsByAge" parameterClass=”int” resultClass="examples.domain.Person"> <![CDATA[ SELECT * FROM PERSON WHERE AGE > #value# ]]> </statement>
3、编写应用程序
import com.ibatis.common.resources.Resources; import com.ibatis.sqlmap.client.SqlMapClient; import com.ibatis.sqlmap.client.SqlMapClientBuilder; try { String resource = "com/simple/SqlMapConfig.xml"; Reader reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader(resource); SqlMapClient sqlMap = SqlMapClientBuilder.buildSqlMapClient(reader); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException( "Error initializing TourPlanIBatisConfig class. Cause: " + e); }
SqlMapClient 接口拥有各种操作数据库的方法,例如:
sqlMap.queryForObject (“getPerson”, personPk);
sqlMap.update(“updatePerson”, person);
4、自动生成主键
<!—Oracle SEQUENCE Example --> <insert id="insertProduct-ORACLE" parameterClass="com.domain.Product"> <selectKey resultClass="int" keyProperty="id" > SELECT STOCKIDSEQUENCE.NEXTVAL AS ID FROM DUAL </selectKey> insert into PRODUCT (PRD_ID,PRD_DESCRIPTION) values (#id#,#description#) </insert> <!— Microsoft SQL Server IDENTITY Column Example --> <insert id="insertProduct-MS-SQL" parameterClass="com.domain.Product"> insert into PRODUCT (PRD_DESCRIPTION) values (#description#) <selectKey resultClass="int" keyProperty="id" > SELECT @@IDENTITY AS ID </selectKey> </insert>
大多数数据库的写法如下:
<selectKey> Cloudscape VALUES IDENTITY_VAL_LOCAL() DB2 VALUES IDENTITY_VAL_LOCAL() Derby VALUES IDENTITY_VAL_LOCAL() HSQLDB CALL IDENTITY() MySql SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID() SqlServer SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY() SYBASE SELECT @@IDENTITY ORACLE SELECT CUSTOM_SQL.NEXTVAL AS ID FROM DUAL
5、DB2保存数据空值问题
iBATIS使用prepareStatement,在没有显示mapping定义数据类型的情况下,首先使用参数值的java类型决定传输给prepareStatement的参数类型,如果参数是值是null,则使用Type.OTHER 。在DB2的driver下,Type.OTHER类型不能正确执行。要解决这个问题,就要在mapping中显示声明参数(列)的类型:
1、对于bean参数进行可以如下声明:
<insert id="userInsert" parameterClass="com.sample.User">
insert into USER(USERID) VALUES (#userId:VARCHAR#)
</insert>
2、对于map参数,可以使用parameterMap定义每个参数的类型
<parameterMap class="com.sample.User" id="userMap">
<parameter property="userId" typeName="VARCHAR" />
</parameterMap>
6、传入参数
parameterMap
<parameterMap id=”insert-product-param” class=”com.domain.Product”> <parameter property=”id” jdbcType=”NUMERIC” javaType=”int” nullValue=”-9999999”/> <parameter property=”description” jdbcType=”VARCHAR” nullValue=”NO_ENTRY”/> </parameterMap> <statement id=”insertProduct” parameterMap=”insert-product-param”> insert into PRODUCT (PRD_ID, PRD_DESCRIPTION) values (?,?); </statement>
Inline Parameter Map
<statement id=”insertProduct” parameterClass=”com.domain.Product”> insert into PRODUCT (PRD_ID, PRD_DESCRIPTION) values (#id#, #description#); </statement> 在内嵌参数中指定数据类型可以用下面的语法: <statement id=”insertProduct” parameterClass=”com.domain.Product”> insert into PRODUCT (PRD_ID, PRD_DESCRIPTION) values (#id:NUMERIC#, #description:VARCHAR#); </statement> 在内嵌参数中指定数据类型和NULL的替代值可以用这样的语法: <statement id=”insertProduct” parameterClass=”com.domain.Product”> insert into PRODUCT (PRD_ID, PRD_DESCRIPTION) values (#id:NUMERIC:-999999#, #description:VARCHAR:NO_ENTRY#); </statement>
基本类型输入参数
<statement id=”insertProduct” parameter=”java.lang.Integer”> select * from PRODUCT where PRD_ID = #value# </statement>
Map类型输入参数
<statement id=”insertProduct” parameterClass=”java.util.Map”> select * from PRODUCT where PRD_CAT_ID = #catId# and PRD_CODE = #code# </statement>
7、Result Map
<resultMap id=”get-product-result” class=”com.ibatis.example.Product”> <result property=”id” column=”PRD_ID”/> <result property=”description” column=”PRD_DESCRIPTION”/> <result property=”subCode” column=”PRD_SUB_CODE” nullValue=”-999”/> </resultMap>
隐式的Result Map
<statement id=”getProduct” resultClass=”com.ibatis.example.Product”> select PRD_ID as id, PRD_DESCRIPTION as description from PRODUCT where PRD_ID = #value# </statement>
基本类型的Result(即String,Integer,Boolean)
<resultMap id=”get-product-result” class=”java.lang.String”> <result property=”value” column=”PRD_DESCRIPTION”/> </resultMap> <statement id=”getProductCount” resultClass=”java.lang.Integer”> select count(1) as value from PRODUCT </statement>
Map类型的Result
<resultMap id=”get-product-result” class=”java.util.HashMap”> <result property=”id” column=”PRD_ID”/> <result property=”code” column=”PRD_CODE”/> <result property=”description” column=”PRD_DESCRIPTION”/> <result property=”suggestedPrice” column=”PRD_SUGGESTED_PRICE”/> </resultMap>
8、复杂类型属性
<resultMap id=”get-product-result” class=”com.ibatis.example.Product”> <result property=”id” column=”PRD_ID”/> <result property=”description” column=”PRD_DESCRIPTION”/> <result property=”category” column=”PRD_CAT_ID” select=”getCategory”/> </resultMap> <resultMap id=”get-category-result” class=”com.ibatis.example.Category”> <result property=”id” column=”CAT_ID”/> <result property=”description” column=”CAT_DESCRIPTION”/> </resultMap> <statement id=”getProduct” parameterClass=”int” resultMap=”get-product-result”> select * from PRODUCT where PRD_ID = #value# </statement> <statement id=”getCategory” parameterClass=”int” resultMap=”get-category-result”> select * from CATEGORY where CAT_ID = #value# </statement>
避免N+1 Select(1:1)
<resultMap id=”get-product-result” class=”com.ibatis.example.Product”> <result property=”id” column=”PRD_ID”/> <result property=”description” column=”PRD_DESCRIPTION”/> <result property=”category.id” column=”CAT_ID” /> <result property=”category.description” column=”CAT_DESCRIPTION” /> </resultMap> <statement id=”getProduct” parameterClass=”int” resultMap=”get-product-result”> select * from PRODUCT, CATEGORY where PRD_CAT_ID=CAT_ID and PRD_ID = #value# </statement>
复杂类型集合的属性
<resultMap id=”get-category-result” class=”com.ibatis.example.Category”> <result property=”id” column=”CAT_ID”/> <result property=”description” column=”CAT_DESCRIPTION”/> <result property=”productList” column=”CAT_ID” select=” getProductsByCatId”/> </resultMap> <resultMap id=”get-product-result” class=”com.ibatis.example.Product”> <result property=”id” column=”PRD_ID”/> <result property=”description” column=”PRD_DESCRIPTION”/> </resultMap> <statement id=”getCategory” parameterClass=”int” resultMap=”get-category-result”> select * from CATEGORY where CAT_ID = #value# </statement> <statement id=”getProductsByCatId” parameterClass=”int” resultMap=”get-product-result”> select * from PRODUCT where PRD_CAT_ID = #value# </statement>
组合键值或多个复杂参数属性
<resultMap id=”get-order-result” class=”com.ibatis.example.Order”> <result property=”id” column=”ORD_ID”/> <result property=”customerId” column=”ORD_CST_ID”/> … <result property=”payments” column=”{itemId=ORD_ID, custId=ORD_CST_ID}” select=” getOrderPayments”/> </resultMap> <statement id=”getOrderPayments” resultMap=”get-payment-result”> select * from PAYMENT where PAY_ORD_ID = #itemId# and PAY_CST_ID = #custId# </statement>
9、缓存Mapped Statement结果集
通过在查询statement中指定cacheModel属性,可以缓存Mapped Statement中得到的查询结果。
Cache model是在SQL Map XML文件中定义的可配置缓存模式,可以使用cacheModel元素来配置。
<cacheModel id="product-cache" type ="LRU" readOnly=”true” serialize=”false”> <flushInterval hours="24"/> <flushOnExecute statement="insertProduct"/> <flushOnExecute statement="updateProduct"/> <flushOnExecute statement="deleteProduct"/> <property name=”cache-size” value=”1000” /> </cacheModel>
LRU: 近期最少使用
<statement id=”getProductList” cacheModel=”product-cache”> select * from PRODUCT where PRD_CAT_ID = #value# </statement>
缓存类型:
“MEMORY” (com.ibatis.db.sqlmap.cache.memory.MemoryCacheController)
只对“reference-type”属性产生作用,value:STRONG,SOFT和WEAK,默认WEAK。
<property name=”reference-type” value=”WEAK” />
“LRU” (com.ibatis.db.sqlmap.cache.lru.LruCacheController)
“近期最少使用”原则。只对“cache-size”属性产生作用。
<property name=”cache-size” value=”1000” />
“OSCACHE” (com.ibatis.db.sqlmap.cache.oscache.OSCacheController)
10、动态Mapped Statement
<statement id="dynamicGetAccountList" resultMap="account-result" > select * from ACCOUNT <dynamic prepend="WHERE"> <isNotNull prepend="AND" property="firstName"> (ACC_FIRST_NAME = #firstName# <isNotNull prepend="OR" property="lastName"> ACC_LAST_NAME = #lastName# </isNotNull> ) </isNotNull> <isNotNull prepend="AND" property="emailAddress"> ACC_EMAIL like #emailAddress# </isNotNull> <isGreaterThan prepend="AND" property="id" compareValue="0"> ACC_ID = #id# </isGreaterThan> </dynamic> order by ACC_LAST_NAME </statement>
11、事务处理
String resource = “com/ibatis/example/sqlMap-config.xml”; Reader reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader (resource); SqlMapClient sqlMap = SqlMapClientBuilder.buildSqlMap(reader);
public void startTransaction () throws SQLException public void commitTransaction () throws SQLException public void endTransaction () throws SQLException
private Reader reader = new Resources.getResourceAsReader( "com/ibatis/example/sqlMapconfig.xml"); private SqlMapClient sqlMap = XmlSqlMapBuilder.buildSqlMap(reader); public updateItemDescription (String itemId, String newDescription) throws SQLException { try { sqlMap.startTransaction (); Item item = (Item) sqlMap.queryForObject ("getItem", itemId); item.setDescription (newDescription); sqlMap.update ("updateItem", item); sqlMap.commitTransaction (); } finally { sqlMap.endTransaction (); } }
事务不能嵌套。在调用commit()或rollback()之前,从同一线程多次调用.startTransaction,将引起抛出例外。换句话说,对于每个SqlMap实例,每个线程最多只能打开一个事务。
SqlMapClient事务处理使用Java的ThreadLocal保存事务对象。这意味着在处理事务时,每个调用startTransaction()的线程,将得到一个唯一的Connection对象。将一个Connection对象返回数据源(或关闭连接)唯一的方法是调用commitTransaction()或rollbackTransaction()方法。否则,会用光连接池中的连接并导致死锁。
12、批处理
sqlMap.startBatch(); //…execute statements in between sqlMap.executeBatch();
13、分页查询
PaginatedList list = sqlMap.queryForPaginatedList (“getProductList”, null, 10); list.nextPage(); list.previousPage();
14 、Ibator:iBatis 的自动生成工具
http://ibatis.apache.org/ibator.html
建议: 如果使用 Ibator,就不要试图去修改其生成的代码,能够使用就可以了,不然会带来很大麻烦。如果需要自己编写定制的、高性能的SQL,就不要使用Ibator了。