[Oracle] Listener的动态注册

在有Oracle Listener的动态注册之前,采用的是静态注册,所谓静态注册是指Oracle实例在启动时,读取listener.ora里的配置,然后注册到Listener,它主要有两个缺点:

1. Listener不知道Oracle实例的实时状态

2. listener.ora里的配置比较麻烦,常需要手动修改。


动态注册

所谓动态注册是指Oracle实例启动后,会通过pmon进程实时的把实例状态和参数(instance_name,service_name)同步给Listener,其中参数instance_name如果为空,则默认为SID,参数service_name如果为空,则默认为db_name.db_domain

有了动态注册之后,我们甚至不需要listener.ora,这时命令lsnrctl start将启动默认的Listener(TCP协议、1521端口,Service和Instance分别来自参数service_name和instance_name。

这里有一个小tip:pmon并不是真正实时同步Oracle实例至Listener,而是隔几十秒,但你可以通过alter system register命令手动同步。

下面我们来看一个例子:

在这个例子里,我们没有配置listener.ora,listener.ora启动后的状态如下:

 

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                18-SEP-2013 16:58:01

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 12 min. 54 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/data/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.15)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "orcl.localdomain" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

instance_name和service_names参数配置如下:

 

 

SQL>show parameter instance_name



NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

instance_name                        string      orcl

SQL>show parameter service_name



NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

service_names                        string      orcl.localdomain

从上面我们可以发现:Listener里的Service、Instance是和instance_name、service_names参数相对应。这里需要特别说明的是:参数service_names可以指定多个service_name,它们之间用逗号隔开。

 

在客户端tnsnames.ora里我们可以设置SID等于instance_name:

 

test =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.15)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (sid = orcl)

    )

  )  

也可以设置service_name等于services_names中的任意一个:

 

 

test =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.15)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (service_name = orcl.localdomain)

    )

  ) 

Local_listener

上面那个动态注册的例子非常简单,是因为我们使用的是默认的监听器(这也是一般推荐的做法),但如果想要使用非默认的监听器该怎么办?(比如端口不是1521的)

 

此时, local_listener就派上用场了,它需要配合listener.ora和tnsnames.ora使用(注意:这里的tnsnames.ora是在服务器端,而不是在客户端)。

首先,我们需要把非默认的监听器添加到listener.ora:

 

LISTENER_2 =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = data)(PORT = 1522))

    )

  )

然后,我们在服务器端的tnsnames.ora里添加:

 

tnsnames.ora:

 

LISTENER_2 =

(DESCRIPTION =

 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.15)(PORT = 1522))

)

接着,我们以sys用户设置local_listener:

 

 

SQL>alter system set local_listener=listener_2;



System altered.



SQL>alter system register;



System altered.

执行如下命令启动listener_2并查看其状态:

 

 

$ lsnrctl start listener_2

$ lsnrctl status listener_2

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     listener_2

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                18-SEP-2013 17:36:43

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 53 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/data/listener_2/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=data)(PORT=1522)))

Services Summary...

Service "orcl.localdomain" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

 

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