SQL 插入语句汇总

INSERT VALUES

插入一行或多行到目标表中

-- single row

INSERT INTO Sales.MyOrders(custid, empid, orderdate, shipcountry, freight)

  VALUES(2, 19, '20120620', N'USA', 30.00);



-- relying on defaults

INSERT INTO Sales.MyOrders(custid, empid, shipcountry, freight)

  VALUES(3, 11, N'USA', 10.00);



INSERT INTO Sales.MyOrders(custid, empid, orderdate, shipcountry, freight)

  VALUES(3, 17, DEFAULT, N'USA', 30.00);



-- multiple rows

INSERT INTO Sales.MyOrders(custid, empid, orderdate, shipcountry, freight) VALUES

  (2, 11, '20120620', N'USA', 50.00),

  (5, 13, '20120620', N'USA', 40.00),

  (7, 17, '20120620', N'USA', 45.00);

注：如果要更新自增字段需要把IDENTITY_INSERT选项开启，用完后记得关闭

SET IDENTITY_INSERT <table> ON;

 

INSERT SELECT

把select 语句的查询结果插入到表中，这个中方法要比上面的INSERT VALUES 效率高

SET IDENTITY_INSERT Sales.MyOrders ON;



INSERT INTO Sales.MyOrders(orderid, custid, empid, orderdate, shipcountry, freight)

  SELECT orderid, custid, empid, orderdate, shipcountry, freight

  FROM Sales.Orders

  WHERE shipcountry = N'Norway';



SET IDENTITY_INSERT Sales.MyOrders OFF;

 

INSERT EXEC

该语句可以让你把动态语句或者存储过程的结果插入表格。

-- create procedure

IF OBJECT_ID(N'Sales.OrdersForCountry', N'P') IS NOT NULL

  DROP PROC Sales.OrdersForCountry;

GO



CREATE PROC Sales.OrdersForCountry

  @country AS NVARCHAR(15)

AS



SELECT orderid, custid, empid, orderdate, shipcountry, freight

FROM Sales.Orders

WHERE shipcountry = @country;

GO



-- insert the result of the procedure

SET IDENTITY_INSERT Sales.MyOrders ON;



INSERT INTO Sales.MyOrders(orderid, custid, empid, orderdate, shipcountry, freight)

  EXEC Sales.OrdersForCountry

    @country = N'Portugal';



SET IDENTITY_INSERT Sales.MyOrders OFF;

对于动态SQL，或者类似DBCC这种非常规的SQL语句，都可以通过这种方式来保存结果集。

CREATE TABLE test_dbcc

    (

      TraceFlag VARCHAR(100) ,

      Status TINYINT ,

      Global TINYINT ,

      Session TINYINT

    )



INSERT  INTO test_dbcc

        EXEC ( 'DBCC TRACESTATUS'

            )

注：不能嵌套使用insert exec语句 ，可以用以下方式变动（这里直接拷贝参考文章中的内容。我没试验过）

1.首先到打开服务器选项Ad Hoc Distributed Queries

exec sp_configure 'show advanced options',1

RECONFIGURE

GO

exec sp_configure 'Ad Hoc Distributed Queries',1

RECONFIGURE

GO

2. 通过OPENROWSET连接到本机，运行存储过程，取得结果集

--使用Windows认证

SELECT  *

INTO    #JobInfo_S1

FROM    OPENROWSET('sqloledb', 'server=(local);trusted_connection=yes',

                   'exec msdb.dbo.sp_help_job')



--使用SQL Server认证

SELECT  *

INTO    #JobInfo_S2

FROM    OPENROWSET('SQLOLEDB', '127.0.0.1'; 'sa'; 'sa_password',

                   'exec msdb.dbo.sp_help_job')

这样的写法，既免去了手动建表的麻烦，也可以避免insert exec 无法嵌套的问题。几乎所有SQL语句都可以使用。

--dbcc不能直接运行

SELECT  a.*

INTO    #t

FROM    OPENROWSET('SQLOLEDB', '127.0.0.1'; 'sa'; 'sa_password',

                   'dbcc log(''master'',3)') AS a



--可以变通一下

SELECT  a.*

INTO    #t

FROM    OPENROWSET('SQLOLEDB', '127.0.0.1'; 'sa'; 'sa_password',

                   'exec(''DBCC LOG(''''master'''',3)'')') AS a

SELECT INTO

该语句不需要我们事先建立目标表，而是直接拷贝数据源或者查询结果数据定义：比如列名，类型，是否为空，自增等来建立目标表。

-- simple SELECT INTO

IF OBJECT_ID(N'Sales.MyOrders', N'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE Sales.MyOrders;



SELECT orderid, custid, orderdate, shipcountry, freight

INTO Sales.MyOrders

FROM Sales.Orders

WHERE shipcountry = N'Norway';

通过以下存储可以查看查询返回字段的结构，注意name，system_type_name,is_nullable.

EXEC sp_describe_first_result_set N'SELECT * FROM Sales.Customers;';

利用select into 生成一个空表

select * into #temp from sysobjects where 1=2

 

实际插入案例

1） 学生表插入

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[Students_Insert]

    (

      @ID INT ,

      @LASTNAME VARCHAR(50) ,

      @FIRSTNAME VARCHAR(50) ,

      @STATE VARCHAR(50) ,

      @PHONE VARCHAR(50) ,

      @EMAIL VARCHAR(50) ,

      @GRADYEAR INT ,

      @GPA DECIMAL(20, 10) ,

      @PROGRAM VARCHAR(50) ,

      @NEWSLETTER BIT

    )

AS

    BEGIN

    --Check to make sure the ID does not already exist

    --If it does, return error

        DECLARE @existing AS INT = 0

        SELECT  @existing = COUNT(ID)

        FROM    Students

        WHERE   ID = @ID

    

        IF @existing > 0

            BEGIN

                RAISERROR ('ID already exists', 1, 1)

                RETURN 0

            END

    --Format GPA as 2 decimal places

        DECLARE @TwoDecimalGPA AS DECIMAL(3, 2)

        SELECT  @TwoDecimalGPA = CAST(@GPA AS NUMERIC(3, 2))

    --Make sure GPA is within range

        IF ( ( @TwoDecimalGPA > 4 )

             OR ( @TwoDecimalGPA < 0 )

           )

            BEGIN

                RAISERROR ('GPA value is invalid', 1, 1)

                RETURN 0

            END     

    --Attempt insert

        INSERT  INTO [dbo].[Students]

                ( [ID] ,

                  [LASTNAME] ,

                  [FIRSTNAME] ,

                  [STATE] ,

                  [PHONE] ,

                  [EMAIL] ,

                  [GRADYEAR] ,

                  [GPA] ,

                  [PROGRAM] ,

                  [NEWSLETTER]

                )

        VALUES  ( @ID ,

                  @LASTNAME ,

                  @FIRSTNAME ,

                  @STATE ,

                  @PHONE ,

                  @EMAIL ,

                  @GRADYEAR ,

                  @TwoDecimalGPA ,

                  @PROGRAM ,

                  @NEWSLETTER

                )

           --check to see if insert occured 

           --and return status

        IF @@ROWCOUNT = 1

            RETURN 1

        ELSE

            RETURN 0

    END

GO

2） 循环插入

-----SQL SERVER中直接循环写入数据-----

DECLARE @i INT

SET @i = 1

WHILE @i < 30

    BEGIN

        INSERT  INTO test

                ( userid )

        VALUES  ( @i )

        SET @i = @i + 1

    END

--案例：

--有如下表，要求就裱中所有沒有及格的成績，在每次增長0.1的基礎上，使他們剛好及格:

--    Name     score

--    Zhangshan   80

--    Lishi       59

--    Wangwu      50

--    Songquan    69



WHILE ( ( SELECT    MIN(score)

          FROM      tb_table

        ) < 60 )

    BEGIN

        UPDATE  tb_table

        SET     score = score * 1.01

        WHERE   score < 60

        IF ( SELECT MIN(score)

             FROM   tb_table

           ) > 60

            BREAK

        ELSE

            CONTINUE

    END

参考文档

The Data Loading Performance Guide http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd425070.aspx.

01. 把存储过程结果集SELECT INTO到临时表 http://www.cnblogs.com/seusoftware/p/3222564.html