51单片机数码管操作

数码管操作

静态数码管显示

提要点:
1.51单片机上的数码管是共阴连接的,所以需要在位选的时候给定低电平(接地)选中其几号LED,而接下来的段选注意一定是从高位到低位输出哦，因为我前面定义的位选三个接口顺序是由高位到低位的！！！

#include 

void main()
{
	P2_4 = 1;
	P2_3 = 0;
	P2_2 = 1;
	P0 = 0x7D;
	
	
}

自己写的 5 (共阳数码管)

#include 

void digitalTube(unsigned char weizhi)
{
	switch(weizhi)
	{
		case 1:P2_4 = 0;P2_3 = 0;P2_2 = 0;break;
		case 2:P2_4 = 0;P2_3 = 0;P2_2 = 1;break;
		case 3:P2_4 = 0;P2_3 = 1;P2_2 = 0;break;
		case 4:P2_4 = 0;P2_3 = 1;P2_2 = 1;break;
		case 5:P2_4 = 1;P2_3 = 0;P2_2 = 0;break;
		case 6:P2_4 = 1;P2_3 = 0;P2_2 = 1;break;
		case 7:P2_4 = 1;P2_3 = 1;P2_2 = 0;break;
		case 8:P2_4 = 1;P2_3 = 1;P2_2 = 1;break;
	}
	P0 = 0x6D;//从高位到低位的二进制转换为十六进制
}
void main()
{
	
	digitalTube(5);
	
}

动态数码管显示

提要点：
1.因为单片机实现是 位选 段选 位选 段选 … 而且它的更新频率很快，所以如果直接这样写的话很容易会产生重叠，所以我们需要加一个延时函数，然后在位选 段选后重新清零数据，这样就可以有效解决数据重叠的问题
2.这种方式叫单片机的直接扫描

#include 
unsigned char digital_Table[] = {0x3F,0x06,0x5B,0x4F,0x66,0x6D,0x7D,0x07,0x7F,0x6F};

void Delay1ms(unsigned int xms)		//@12.000MHz
{
	unsigned char i, j;
	while(xms--)
	{
		i = 2;
		j = 239;
		do
		{
			while (--j);
		} while (--i);
	}
}

void digital_choice(unsigned char location,unsigned char Num)
{
	
	switch(location)
	{
		case 1:P2_4 = 1; P2_3 = 1;P2_2 = 1;break;
		case 2:P2_4 = 1; P2_3 = 1;P2_2 = 0;break;
		case 3:P2_4 = 1; P2_3 = 0;P2_2 = 1;break;
		case 4:P2_4 = 1; P2_3 = 0;P2_2 = 0;break;
		case 5:P2_4 = 0; P2_3 = 1;P2_2 = 1;break;
		case 6:P2_4 = 0; P2_3 = 1;P2_2 = 0;break;
		case 7:P2_4 = 0; P2_3 = 0;P2_2 = 1;break;
		case 8:P2_4 = 0; P2_3 = 0;P2_2 = 0;break;
	}
	P0 = digital_Table[Num];
	Delay1ms(1);
	P0 = 0x00;
}


void main()
{
	while(1)
	{
		digital_choice(1,5);
		digital_choice(2,2);
		digital_choice(3,2);
		digital_choice(4,2);
		digital_choice(5,2);
		digital_choice(6,2);
		digital_choice(7,2);
		digital_choice(8,1);
		
	}
}

模块化思想

拿上一个我们写的数码管做例子

main函数里的内容

#include 
#include "delay.h"
#include "nixie.h"
void nixie(unsigned char location,unsigned char Num);
void main()
{
	while(1)
	{
		nixie(1,5);
		Delay1ms(200);
		nixie(2,2);
		Delay1ms(200);
		nixie(3,2);
		Delay1ms(200);
		nixie(4,2);
		Delay1ms(200);
		nixie(5,2);
		Delay1ms(200);
		nixie(6,2);
		Delay1ms(200);
		nixie(7,2);
		Delay1ms(200);
		nixie(8,1);
		Delay1ms(200);
		
	}
}

.h里的内容

delay函数

#ifndef __DELAY_H__
#define __DELAY_H__
void Delay1ms(unsigned int xms);
#endif

nixie函数

#ifdef __NIXIE_H__
#define __NIXIE_H__
void nixie(unsigned char location,unsigned char Num);
#endif

delay.c的内容

void Delay1ms(unsigned int xms)		//@12.000MHz
{
	unsigned char i, j;
	while(xms--)
	{
		i = 2;
		j = 239;
		do
		{
			while (--j);
		} while (--i);
	}
}

nixie.c内容

#include 
#include "delay.h"
unsigned char digital_Table[] = {0x3F,0x06,0x5B,0x4F,0x66,0x6D,0x7D,0x07,0x7F,0x6F};
void nixie(unsigned char location,unsigned char Num)
{
	
	switch(location)
	{
		case 1:P2_4 = 1; P2_3 = 1;P2_2 = 1;break;
		case 2:P2_4 = 1; P2_3 = 1;P2_2 = 0;break;
		case 3:P2_4 = 1; P2_3 = 0;P2_2 = 1;break;
		case 4:P2_4 = 1; P2_3 = 0;P2_2 = 0;break;
		case 5:P2_4 = 0; P2_3 = 1;P2_2 = 1;break;
		case 6:P2_4 = 0; P2_3 = 1;P2_2 = 0;break;
		case 7:P2_4 = 0; P2_3 = 0;P2_2 = 1;break;
		case 8:P2_4 = 0; P2_3 = 0;P2_2 = 0;break;
	}
	P0 = digital_Table[Num];
	Delay1ms(1);
	P0 = 0x00;
}

矩阵键盘操控LCD1602液晶屏

按列依次以低电平选中,再利用行选中

依旧是模块化思想

主函数代码:

#include 
#include "delay.h"
#include "LCD1602.h"
#include "Matixkey.h"
unsigned char key_Num;
void main()
{
	LCD_Init();
	while(1)
	{
		key_Num = Matrixkey();
		if(key_Num)
		{
			LCD_ShowString(1,1,"Hello");
			LCD_ShowNum(2,2,key_Num,2);
		}
	}
}

Matrixkey().c内容

#include 
#include "delay.h"
unsigned char Matrixkey()
{
	unsigned char key_Num = 0;
	
	P1 = 0xFF;
	P1_3 = 0;
	if(P1_7 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_7 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 1;
	}
	if(P1_6 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_6 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 5;
	}
	if(P1_5 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_5 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 9;
	}
	if(P1_4 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_4 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 13;
	}

	
	P1 = 0xFF;
	P1_2 = 0;
	if(P1_7 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_7 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 2;
	}
	if(P1_6 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_6 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 6;
	}
	if(P1_5 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_5 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 10;
	}
	if(P1_4 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_4 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 14;
	}
	
	
	
	
	P1 = 0xFF;
	P1_1 = 0;
	if(P1_7 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_7 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 3;
	}
	if(P1_6 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_6 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 7;
	}
	if(P1_5 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_5 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 11;
	}
	if(P1_4 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_4 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 15;
	}
	
	
	
	P1 = 0xFF;
	P1_0 = 0;
	if(P1_7 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_7 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 4;
	}
	if(P1_6 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_6 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 8;
	}
	if(P1_5 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_5 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 12;
	}
	if(P1_4 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_4 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 16;
	}
	return key_Num;
}

LCD1602.c内容

#include 

//引脚配置：
sbit LCD_RS=P2^6;
sbit LCD_RW=P2^5;
sbit LCD_EN=P2^7;
#define LCD_DataPort P0

//函数定义：
/**
  * @brief  LCD1602延时函数，12MHz调用可延时1ms
  * @param  无
  * @retval 无
  */
void LCD_Delay()
{
	unsigned char i, j;

	i = 2;
	j = 239;
	do
	{
		while (--j);
	} while (--i);
}

/**
  * @brief  LCD1602写命令
  * @param  Command 要写入的命令
  * @retval 无
  */
void LCD_WriteCommand(unsigned char Command)
{
	LCD_RS=0;
	LCD_RW=0;
	LCD_DataPort=Command;
	LCD_EN=1;
	LCD_Delay();
	LCD_EN=0;
	LCD_Delay();
}

/**
  * @brief  LCD1602写数据
  * @param  Data 要写入的数据
  * @retval 无
  */
void LCD_WriteData(unsigned char Data)
{
	LCD_RS=1;
	LCD_RW=0;
	LCD_DataPort=Data;
	LCD_EN=1;
	LCD_Delay();
	LCD_EN=0;
	LCD_Delay();
}

/**
  * @brief  LCD1602设置光标位置
  * @param  Line 行位置，范围：1~2
  * @param  Column 列位置，范围：1~16
  * @retval 无
  */
void LCD_SetCursor(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column)
{
	if(Line==1)
	{
		LCD_WriteCommand(0x80|(Column-1));
	}
	else if(Line==2)
	{
		LCD_WriteCommand(0x80|(Column-1+0x40));
	}
}

/**
  * @brief  LCD1602初始化函数
  * @param  无
  * @retval 无
  */
void LCD_Init()
{
	LCD_WriteCommand(0x38);//八位数据接口，两行显示，5*7点阵
	LCD_WriteCommand(0x0c);//显示开，光标关，闪烁关
	LCD_WriteCommand(0x06);//数据读写操作后，光标自动加一，画面不动
	LCD_WriteCommand(0x01);//光标复位，清屏
}

/**
  * @brief  在LCD1602指定位置上显示一个字符
  * @param  Line 行位置，范围：1~2
  * @param  Column 列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  Char 要显示的字符
  * @retval 无
  */
void LCD_ShowChar(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,char Char)
{
	LCD_SetCursor(Line,Column);
	LCD_WriteData(Char);
}

/**
  * @brief  在LCD1602指定位置开始显示所给字符串
  * @param  Line 起始行位置，范围：1~2
  * @param  Column 起始列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  String 要显示的字符串
  * @retval 无
  */
void LCD_ShowString(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,char *String)
{
	unsigned char i;
	LCD_SetCursor(Line,Column);
	for(i=0;String[i]!='\0';i++)
	{
		LCD_WriteData(String[i]);
	}
}

/**
  * @brief  返回值=X的Y次方
  */
int LCD_Pow(int X,int Y)
{
	unsigned char i;
	int Result=1;
	for(i=0;i<Y;i++)
	{
		Result*=X;
	}
	return Result;
}

/**
  * @brief  在LCD1602指定位置开始显示所给数字
  * @param  Line 起始行位置，范围：1~2
  * @param  Column 起始列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  Number 要显示的数字，范围：0~65535
  * @param  Length 要显示数字的长度，范围：1~5
  * @retval 无
  */
void LCD_ShowNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,unsigned int Number,unsigned char Length)
{
	unsigned char i;
	LCD_SetCursor(Line,Column);
	for(i=Length;i>0;i--)
	{
		LCD_WriteData(Number/LCD_Pow(10,i-1)%10+'0');
	}
}

/**
  * @brief  在LCD1602指定位置开始以有符号十进制显示所给数字
  * @param  Line 起始行位置，范围：1~2
  * @param  Column 起始列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  Number 要显示的数字，范围：-32768~32767
  * @param  Length 要显示数字的长度，范围：1~5
  * @retval 无
  */
void LCD_ShowSignedNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,int Number,unsigned char Length)
{
	unsigned char i;
	unsigned int Number1;
	LCD_SetCursor(Line,Column);
	if(Number>=0)
	{
		LCD_WriteData('+');
		Number1=Number;
	}
	else
	{
		LCD_WriteData('-');
		Number1=-Number;
	}
	for(i=Length;i>0;i--)
	{
		LCD_WriteData(Number1/LCD_Pow(10,i-1)%10+'0');
	}
}

/**
  * @brief  在LCD1602指定位置开始以十六进制显示所给数字
  * @param  Line 起始行位置，范围：1~2
  * @param  Column 起始列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  Number 要显示的数字，范围：0~0xFFFF
  * @param  Length 要显示数字的长度，范围：1~4
  * @retval 无
  */
void LCD_ShowHexNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,unsigned int Number,unsigned char Length)
{
	unsigned char i,SingleNumber;
	LCD_SetCursor(Line,Column);
	for(i=Length;i>0;i--)
	{
		SingleNumber=Number/LCD_Pow(16,i-1)%16;
		if(SingleNumber<10)
		{
			LCD_WriteData(SingleNumber+'0');
		}
		else
		{
			LCD_WriteData(SingleNumber-10+'A');
		}
	}
}

/**
  * @brief  在LCD1602指定位置开始以二进制显示所给数字
  * @param  Line 起始行位置，范围：1~2
  * @param  Column 起始列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  Number 要显示的数字，范围：0~1111 1111 1111 1111
  * @param  Length 要显示数字的长度，范围：1~16
  * @retval 无
  */
void LCD_ShowBinNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,unsigned int Number,unsigned char Length)
{
	unsigned char i;
	LCD_SetCursor(Line,Column);
	for(i=Length;i>0;i--)
	{
		LCD_WriteData(Number/LCD_Pow(2,i-1)%2+'0');
	}
}

Matrixkey.h内容

#ifndef __MATIXKEY_h__
#define __MATIXKEY_h__
unsigned char Matrixkey();
#endif

LCD1602.h内容

#ifndef __LCD1602_H__
#define __LCD1602_H__

//用户调用函数：
void LCD_Init();
void LCD_ShowChar(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,char Char);
void LCD_ShowString(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,char *String);
void LCD_ShowNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,unsigned int Number,unsigned char Length);
void LCD_ShowSignedNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,int Number,unsigned char Length);
void LCD_ShowHexNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,unsigned int Number,unsigned char Length);
void LCD_ShowBinNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,unsigned int Number,unsigned char Length);
#endif

矩阵键盘设置密码

第一个人生的工程!

main函数部分

#include 
#include "delay.h"
#include "LCD1602.h"
#include "Matixkey.h"
unsigned char key_Num;
unsigned int pass_word,cnt;
void main()
{
	LCD_Init();
	LCD_ShowString(1,1,"Password:");
	while(1)
	{
		key_Num = Matrixkey();
		if(key_Num)
		{
			if(key_Num == 11)
			{
				if(pass_word == 929) 
				{
					LCD_ShowString(1,15,"AC");
					pass_word = 0;
					cnt = 0;
					LCD_ShowNum(2,2,pass_word,3);
				}	
				else 
				{
					LCD_ShowString(1,15,"No");
					pass_word = 0;
					cnt = 0;
					LCD_ShowNum(2,2,pass_word,3);
				}
			}
			else if(key_Num <= 10)
			{
				if(cnt < 3)
				{
					pass_word *= 10;
					pass_word += key_Num % 10;
					cnt++;
					LCD_ShowNum(2,2,pass_word,3);
				}
			}
			//LCD_ShowString(1,1,"Hello");
			//LCD_ShowNum(2,2,pass_word,3);
		}
	}
}

矩阵输入部分

#include 
#include "delay.h"
unsigned char Matrixkey()
{
	unsigned char key_Num = 0;
	
	P1 = 0xFF;
	P1_3 = 0;
	if(P1_7 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_7 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 1;
	}
	if(P1_6 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_6 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 5;
	}
	if(P1_5 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_5 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 9;
	}
	if(P1_4 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_4 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 13;
	}

	
	P1 = 0xFF;
	P1_2 = 0;
	if(P1_7 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_7 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 2;
	}
	if(P1_6 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_6 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 6;
	}
	if(P1_5 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_5 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 10;
	}
	if(P1_4 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_4 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 14;
	}
	
	
	
	
	P1 = 0xFF;
	P1_1 = 0;
	if(P1_7 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_7 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 3;
	}
	if(P1_6 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_6 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 7;
	}
	if(P1_5 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_5 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 11;
	}
	if(P1_4 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_4 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 15;
	}
	
	
	
	P1 = 0xFF;
	P1_0 = 0;
	if(P1_7 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_7 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 4;
	}
	if(P1_6 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_6 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 8;
	}
	if(P1_5 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_5 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 12;
	}
	if(P1_4 == 0)
	{
		Delay1ms(20);
		while(P1_4 == 0);
		Delay1ms(20);
		key_Num = 16;
	}
	return key_Num;
}

其他的譬如delay函数和LCD1602函数与前面一样