在centos7里面安装 mysql5.6.44

一 查询系统自带的mysql

root@obdserver ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql

二 卸载系统自带的mysql

因为没有mysql，所以也不用卸载

三 下载安装官方的yum源

[root@obdserver ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
总用量 40
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 3月  12 01:22 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 10月 23 2020 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 10月 23 2020 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  314 10月 23 2020 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 10月 23 2020 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 10月 23 2020 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8515 10月 23 2020 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  616 10月 23 2020 CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo
[root@obdserver ~]# wget -P /usr/software http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
-bash: wget: 未找到命令
[root@obdserver ~]# yum install wget
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                       | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                      | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 wget.x86_64.0.1.14-18.el7_6.1 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

====================================================================================
 Package         架构              版本                       源               大小
====================================================================================
正在安装:
 wget            x86_64            1.14-18.el7_6.1            base            547 k

事务概要
====================================================================================
安装  1 软件包

总下载量：547 k
安装大小：2.0 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm                              | 547 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
  正在安装    : wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64                                     1/1 
  验证中      : wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64                                     1/1 

已安装:
  wget.x86_64 0:1.14-18.el7_6.1                                                     

完毕！
[root@obdserver ~]# wget -P /usr/software http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
--2025-03-17 23:06:29--  http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 23.49.112.119, 2600:1417:8400:b90::1d68, 2600:1417:8400:bad::1d68
正在连接 repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|23.49.112.119|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：5824 (5.7K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
正在保存至: “/usr/software/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm”

100%[==========================================>] 5,824       14.7KB/s 用时 0.4s   

2025-03-17 23:06:30 (14.7 KB/s) - 已保存 “/usr/software/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm” [5824/5824])

[root@obdserver ~]# 

四 下载安装好的文件

[root@obdserver ~]# mkdir -p /usr/software
[root@obdserver ~]# cd /usr/software
[root@obdserver software]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-release-el6-5    ################################# [100%]

五 安装mysql服务器

[root@obdserver software]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
mysql-connectors-community                                   | 2.6 kB  00:00:00     
mysql-tools-community                                        | 2.6 kB  00:00:00     
mysql56-community                                            | 2.6 kB  00:00:00     
(1/3): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db               |  81 kB  00:00:00     
(2/3): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db          |  82 kB  00:00:01     
(3/3): mysql56-community/x86_64/primary_db                   | 338 kB  00:00:02     
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-server.x86_64.0.5.6.51-2.el6 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.6.51-2.el6，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.6.10，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 net-tools，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(DBI)，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Data::Dumper)，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-client.x86_64.0.5.6.51-2.el6 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.6.10，它被软件包 mysql-community-client-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mysql-community-common.x86_64.0.5.6.51-2.el6 将被 安装
---> 软件包 net-tools.x86_64.0.2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 perl-DBI.x86_64.0.1.627-4.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001，它被软件包 perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000，它被软件包 perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64.0.2.145-3.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 取代
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86_64.0.5.6.51-2.el6 将被 舍弃
---> 软件包 perl-PlRPC.noarch.0.0.2020-14.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Net::Daemon::Test)，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Net::Daemon::Log)，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Compress::Zlib)，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 perl-IO-Compress.noarch.0.2.061-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061，它被软件包 perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061，它被软件包 perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 需要
---> 软件包 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch.0.0.48-5.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64.0.2.061-3.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64.1.2.061-4.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

====================================================================================
 Package                 架构   版本                        源                 大小
====================================================================================
正在安装:
 mysql-community-libs    x86_64 5.6.51-2.el6                mysql56-community 2.2 M
      替换  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
 mysql-community-server  x86_64 5.6.51-2.el6                mysql56-community  62 M
为依赖而安装:
 mysql-community-client  x86_64 5.6.51-2.el6                mysql56-community  20 M
 mysql-community-common  x86_64 5.6.51-2.el6                mysql56-community 340 k
 net-tools               x86_64 2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7    base              306 k
 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 x86_64 2.061-3.el7                 base               32 k
 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib  x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7               base               57 k
 perl-DBI                x86_64 1.627-4.el7                 base              802 k
 perl-Data-Dumper        x86_64 2.145-3.el7                 base               47 k
 perl-IO-Compress        noarch 2.061-2.el7                 base              260 k
 perl-Net-Daemon         noarch 0.48-5.el7                  base               51 k
 perl-PlRPC              noarch 0.2020-14.el7               base               36 k

事务概要
====================================================================================
安装  2 软件包 (+10 依赖软件包)

总下载量：87 M
Downloading packages:
警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql56-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
mysql-community-common-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(1/12): mysql-community-common-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64.rpm       | 340 kB  00:00:01     
(2/12): mysql-community-libs-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64.rpm         | 2.2 MB  00:00:07     
(3/12): net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm        | 306 kB  00:00:00     
(4/12): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm        |  57 kB  00:00:00     
(5/12): perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                      | 802 kB  00:00:00     
(6/12): perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm              |  47 kB  00:00:00     
(7/12): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm       |  32 kB  00:00:00     
(8/12): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm              | 260 kB  00:00:00     
(9/12): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm                |  51 kB  00:00:00     
(10/12): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm                 |  36 kB  00:00:00     
(11/12): mysql-community-client-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64.rpm      |  20 MB  00:00:33     
(12/12): mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64.rpm      |  62 MB  00:01:08     
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计                                                   1.1 MB/s |  87 MB  01:17     
从 file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
 用户ID     : "MySQL Release Engineering "
 指纹       : a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
 软件包     : mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch (installed)
 来自       : file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
  正在安装    : mysql-community-common-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64                     1/13 
  正在安装    : perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64                            2/13 
  正在安装    : mysql-community-libs-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64                       3/13 
  正在安装    : mysql-community-client-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64                     4/13 
  正在安装    : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64                     5/13 
  正在安装    : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64                    6/13 
  正在安装    : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch                            7/13 
  正在安装    : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64                      8/13 
  正在安装    : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch                              9/13 
  正在安装    : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch                               10/13 
  正在安装    : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64                                   11/13 
  正在安装    : mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64                    12/13 
  正在删除    : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64                            13/13 
  验证中      : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch                              1/13 
  验证中      : perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64                            2/13 
  验证中      : mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64                     3/13 
  验证中      : mysql-community-common-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64                     4/13 
  验证中      : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch                            5/13 
  验证中      : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64                      6/13 
  验证中      : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64                    7/13 
  验证中      : mysql-community-libs-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64                       8/13 
  验证中      : mysql-community-client-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64                     9/13 
  验证中      : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64                                   10/13 
  验证中      : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64                    11/13 
  验证中      : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch                               12/13 
  验证中      : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64                            13/13 

已安装:
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.51-2.el6                                        
  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.51-2.el6                                      

作为依赖被安装:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.51-2.el6                                      
  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.51-2.el6                                      
  net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7                                       
  perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7                                      
  perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7                                       
  perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7                                                     
  perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7                                             
  perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7                                             
  perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7                                               
  perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7                                                 

替代:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7                                                

完毕！

测试是否安装成功

[root@obdserver software]# rpm -qa| grep mysql
mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch
mysql-community-common-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-client-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el6.x86_64

六 启动服务

Starting mysqld (via systemctl):                           [  确定  ]
[root@obdserver software]# yum install initscripts
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 initscripts.x86_64.0.9.49.53-1.el7 将被 升级
---> 软件包 initscripts.x86_64.0.9.49.53-1.el7_9.1 将被 更新
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

====================================================================================
 Package             架构           版本                      源               大小
====================================================================================
正在更新:
 initscripts         x86_64         9.49.53-1.el7_9.1         updates         440 k

事务概要
====================================================================================
升级  1 软件包

总下载量：440 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
initscripts-9.49.53-1.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm                     | 440 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在更新    : initscripts-9.49.53-1.el7_9.1.x86_64                            1/2 
  清理        : initscripts-9.49.53-1.el7.x86_64                                2/2 
  验证中      : initscripts-9.49.53-1.el7_9.1.x86_64                            1/2 
  验证中      : initscripts-9.49.53-1.el7.x86_64                                2/2 

更新完毕:
  initscripts.x86_64 0:9.49.53-1.el7_9.1                                            

完毕！

七 修改密码

[root@obdserver software]# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@obdserver software]# mysql -uroot -p123
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.51 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

八 可能遇到的问题

问题1 中文乱码问题

[root@obdserver software]# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@obdserver software]# mysql -uroot -p123
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.51 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> >/etc/my.cnf
    -> /etc/my.cnf
    -> 
[1]+  已停止               mysql -uroot -p123
[root@obdserver software]# >/etc/my.cnf
[root@obdserver software]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[root@obdserver software]# service mysqld restart
Restarting mysqld (via systemctl):  

                                                           [  确定  ]
[root@obdserver software]# 
[root@obdserver software]# 
[root@obdserver software]# show variables like 'character_set_%';
-bash: show: 未找到命令
[root@obdserver software]# mysql -uroot -p123
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.51 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

问题2 默认情况下客户端不允许远程访问

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>