Django新手入门

视图view+模板template+模型model

python manager.py runserver [port]
python manager.py startapp [appname]

请求：

• META
  • REMOTE_ADDR 请求的IP地址
  • HTTP_USER_AGENT　用户请求终端信息
• Content-Type
  • text/plain 普通文档
  • text/xml XML文档
  • application/json json数据类型
• GET，POST，COOKIE，FILES

request.类型.get("参数名",“默认值”)
request.META.get("REMOTE_ADDR","default")
request.headers['参数名']

视图：

接受请求返回响应

1.定义URL

 path(route,view,name,**kwargs)
 include(urls,namespace)
 
 #########示例#########
 path('sight/image/list/',SightImageView,name='SightImageView')
 path('account/',include('accounts.urls'))

2.获取URL参数

1. url/path传参

2. view视图取参

    re_path(r'(?P表达式)/',view,name)
    path('...//',view,name)
    
    def uname_view(request,arg)
    
    #########示例#########
    path('article/',article_list,name='article_list')
    def article_list(request,page)
    
    re_path(r'^article/(?P0?[1-9]|1[012])/$',article_list,name='article_list')
    def article_list(request,month)
   

3.获取GET/POST参数

 request.GET.get('arg','')
 
 #########示例#########
 http:127.0.0.1:8080/?name=jinhu
 request.GET.get('name',None)

4.响应对象

• HttpResponse
• JsonResponse

  user_info={'name':'12','age':32}
  return JsonResponse(user_info)
  

• FileResponse

  return FileResponse(open('m.png','rb'))
  

5.响应HTML

​ 磁盘读取+替换特殊字符+发送浏览器

 render(request,template_name,{})
 
 #########示例#########
 data = {
 	'name':'jinhu'
 }
 return render(request,'hello.html',{
 	'data':data
 })

6.重定向

 redirect(route)
 
 #########示例#########
 path('not/found',no_data_404,name='no_data_404')
 
 redirect('no_data_404')

• 重置内置错误视图
  • urls.py添加

  urlpatterns = [
      path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
   ]
  handler_500 = '视图函数名字'
  

  • settings.py修改DEBUG=False

7.配置静态文件

• 根目录下创建medias文件夹

• settings.py

   MEDIA_URL='/media/'
   MEDIA_ROOT=os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'medias')
  

• urls.py

   urlpatterns += [
   	url(r'^media/(?P.*)$,serve,{
   	'document_root':settings.MEDIA_ROOT
   	})
   ]
  

  /media/images/dog.jpg被替换为/medias/images/dog.jpg

8.class重写视图

• TemplateView

   // 返回hello.html
   url('hello/',HomeView.as_view(),name='hello')
   
   class HomeView(TemplateView):
   	template_name='hello.html'
   ```
  

• ListView：分页列表类数据

  class SightListView(ListView):
      paginate_by = 5
  
      def get_queryset(self):
          """重写查询方法1"""
          is_hot = self.request.GET.get("is_hot",None)
          is_top = self.request.GET.get("is_top",None)
          query = Q()
          if is_hot:
              query = query & Q(is_top=True)
          if is_top:
              query = query & Q(is_hot=True)
          queryset = Sight.objects.filter(query)
          return queryset
  		"""重写查询方法2"""
   	    sight_id = self.kwargs.get('pk', None)
          sight = Sight.objects.filter(pk=sight_id, is_valid=True).first()
          if sight:
          	return sight.comments.filter(is_valid=True)
          return Comment.objects.none()
  
      def render_to_response(self, context, **response_kwargs):
          page_obj = context['page_obj']
          if page_obj is not None:
              data = serializers.SightListSerializer(page_obj).to_dict()
              return http.JsonResponse(data)
          else:
              return NotFoundJsonResponse()
  

• DetailView：详情类数据

  class SightDetailView(DetailView):
  
      def get_queryset(self):
      	# 自动搜索 path(...//) 对应的pk值
          return Sight.objects.all()
  
      def render_to_response(self, context, **response_kwargs):
          page_obj = context['object']
          if page_obj is not None:
              if page_obj.is_valid == False:
                  return NotFoundJsonResponse()
              data = serializers.SightDetailSerializer(page_obj).to_dict()
              return http.JsonResponse(data)
          return NotFoundJsonResponse()
  

9.错误请求

class NotFoundJsonResponse(JsonResponse):
    """ 400 对应JSON响应