Redis原理：watch命令

在前面的文章中有提到，在multi 前可以通过watch 来观察哪些key，被观察的这些key，会被redis服务器监控，涉及该key被修改时，则在exec 命令执行过程中会被识别出来，exec 就不会再执行命令。

源码分析

// 监控对应的key
void watchCommand(client *c) {
    int j;

    if (c->flags & CLIENT_MULTI) {
        addReplyError(c,"WATCH inside MULTI is not allowed");
        return;
    }
    /* No point in watching if the client is already dirty. */
    if (c->flags & CLIENT_DIRTY_CAS) {
        addReply(c,shared.ok);
        return;
    }
    for (j = 1; j < c->argc; j++)
        // 按指定的key进行监控
        watchForKey(c,c->argv[j]);
    addReply(c,shared.ok);
}

void watchForKey(client *c, robj *key) {
    list *clients = NULL;
    listIter li;
    listNode *ln;
    watchedKey *wk;

    /* Check if we are already watching for this key */
    // 当前已经监控的key
    listRewind(c->watched_keys,&li);
    // 检查是否在监控列表
    while((ln = listNext(&li))) {
        wk = listNodeValue(ln);
        if (wk->db == c->db && equalStringObjects(key,wk->key))
            return; /* Key already watched */
    }
    /* This key is not already watched in this DB. Let's add it */
    // 获取监控的客户端列表
    // db->watched_keys是全局缓存的列表
    clients = dictFetchValue(c->db->watched_keys,key);
    if (!clients) {
        // 没有则创建
        clients = listCreate();
        dictAdd(c->db->watched_keys,key,clients);
        incrRefCount(key);
    }
    // 记录新的watchKey内容
    /* Add the new key to the list of keys watched by this client */
    wk = zmalloc(sizeof(*wk));
    wk->key = key; // 当前的key
    wk->client = c; // 当前的客户端
    wk->db = c->db; // 当前的数据库
    wk->expired = keyIsExpired(c->db, key); // 是否过期
    incrRefCount(key);
    listAddNodeTail(c->watched_keys,wk); // 加入客户端的列表
    listAddNodeTail(clients,wk); // 加入全局列表
}

watch 命令，做的事情其实也很简单，就是将当前客户端与key 进行关联，并把监控的key加入全局列表中，该全局列表。

当key有变更时，会调用signalModifiedKey进行通知。

void signalModifiedKey(client *c, redisDb *db, robj *key)
{
    // 监控的key进行刷新
    touchWatchedKey(db, key);
    trackingInvalidateKey(c, key, 1);
}

// 如果在multi之前有watch某些key，则该key的所以异动都会要执行该方法
// 并进行重置client的
void touchWatchedKey(redisDb *db, robj *key) {
    list *clients;
    listIter li;
    listNode *ln;

    if (dictSize(db->watched_keys) == 0) return;
    clients = dictFetchValue(db->watched_keys, key);
    if (!clients) return;

    /* Mark all the clients watching this key as CLIENT_DIRTY_CAS */
    /* Check if we are already watching for this key */
    listRewind(clients,&li);
    while((ln = listNext(&li))) {
        watchedKey *wk = listNodeValue(ln);
        client *c = wk->client;

        if (wk->expired) {
            /* The key was already expired when WATCH was called. */
            if (db == wk->db &&
                equalStringObjects(key, wk->key) &&
                dictFind(db->dict, key->ptr) == NULL)
            {
                /* Already expired key is deleted, so logically no change. Clear
                 * the flag. Deleted keys are not flagged as expired. */
                wk->expired = 0;
                goto skip_client;
            }
            break;
        }
        // 客户端增加标识，告知该客户端有被污染
        c->flags |= CLIENT_DIRTY_CAS;
        /* As the client is marked as dirty, there is no point in getting here
         * again in case that key (or others) are modified again (or keep the
         * memory overhead till EXEC). */
        // 移除所有的key
        unwatchAllKeys(c);

    skip_client:
        continue;
    }
}

该方法会进行相应key的处理，并为持有该key的客户端，将其标识增加CLIENT_DIRTY_CAS，该标识会在exec命令中判断，如果有，说明watch的key已经被修改，不执行相关的命令。