阅读引言:写下这篇文章的原因是自己在日后的工作中可能会经常和Input子系统打交道,所以在学习完Input子系统之后写下这篇文章巩固知识和分享学习Input的过程,希望对有需要的朋友有所帮助。
目录
一、Input子系统引入
1.什么是Input子系统
2.如何区分输入设备和设备节点的关系
2.1试探法
2.2cat /proc/bus/input/devices
2.3sys/class/input/eventx/name
二、Input子系统的框架
三、evdev.c文件分析(核心层、事件处理层分析)
四、剪切input子系统的源码
五、sys中的输入设备是如何生成的
六、编写一个简单的设备驱动程序
七、分析设备驱动层和事件处理层的匹配
八、软件定时器上报数据
九、数据上报格式分析
十、固定输入设备节点
十一、固定usb输入设备的设备节点
十二、结尾
什么是input子系统? input翻译过来是输入,所以input也叫输入子系统。所以我们从输入设备入手了解input子系统。什么是输入设备?如键盘,鼠标,触摸屏,游戏手柄 ,编写输入设备驱动:假设我们写一个键盘驱动一创建文件,硬件初始化,实现文件操作集函数,中断等等,非常麻烦。假设我们写一个鼠标驱动,创建文件,硬件初始化,实现文件操作集函数,中断等等,非常麻烦。这些输入设备驱动当中是有共同点的,共同点就是获取数据,上报给用户。所以Linux就将通用的代码编写好,将差异化的代码留给驱动攻城狮。从而出现了input子系统,所以:input系统是Linux专门为输入类设备编写的一个子系统(框架)。从而规范驱动开发,降低开发难度。并且驱动的通用性兼容性会更好。
可以看到上面加粗的文字, LInux实现了输入设备的差异化代码, 这部分代码在源码中哪一个位置?linux-6.6.55\drivers\input\evdev.c, 这个文件就是linux实现的通用的事件处理层代码, 这个文件做的内容后面在细说。
linux的许多子系统我发现其实就是一套代码框架, 如gpio子系统、i2c子系统、usb子系统等等,这些框架的好处就是统一处理规则, 简化开发, 更加规范以及方便适配和移植。举例如下:
举例:
比如按键驱动,在不使用input子系统前提下:
工程师A:使用1代表按下,使用0代表松开
工程师B:使用2代表按下,使用3代表松开
所以不同的人相同的动作用不同的代码去表示。而应用程序是没有办法把所有的驱动全部适
配,这样兼容性,移植性就不好。
使用input子系统前提下:
再比如现在同学们使用的键盘有不同的厂家,但是这些厂家的键盘连接到电脑上都可以正常
使用,因为这些厂家的驱动都是按照input这个子系统框架来编写的。即:所有的厂家都使用1代表按下,使用0代表松开。并且使用input子系统可以不用自己实现
文件操作集函数,也就是不用我们去实现读写等函数,所有可以降低开发难度。
再次总结input子系统的作用
1.兼容所有的输入设备
2.统一的驱动编程方式
3.统一的应用操作接口:/dev/input
这里先瞄一眼这些不同设备linux定义好的码值。
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only WITH Linux-syscall-note */
/*
* Input event codes
*
* *** IMPORTANT ***
* This file is not only included from C-code but also from devicetree source
* files. As such this file MUST only contain comments and defines.
*
* Copyright (c) 1999-2002 Vojtech Pavlik
* Copyright (c) 2015 Hans de Goede
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
* the Free Software Foundation.
*/
#ifndef _UAPI_INPUT_EVENT_CODES_H
#define _UAPI_INPUT_EVENT_CODES_H
/*
* Device properties and quirks
*/
#define INPUT_PROP_POINTER 0x00 /* needs a pointer */
#define INPUT_PROP_DIRECT 0x01 /* direct input devices */
#define INPUT_PROP_BUTTONPAD 0x02 /* has button(s) under pad */
#define INPUT_PROP_SEMI_MT 0x03 /* touch rectangle only */
#define INPUT_PROP_TOPBUTTONPAD 0x04 /* softbuttons at top of pad */
#define INPUT_PROP_POINTING_STICK 0x05 /* is a pointing stick */
#define INPUT_PROP_ACCELEROMETER 0x06 /* has accelerometer */
#define INPUT_PROP_MAX 0x1f
#define INPUT_PROP_CNT (INPUT_PROP_MAX + 1)
/*
* Event types
*/
#define EV_SYN 0x00
#define EV_KEY 0x01
#define EV_REL 0x02
#define EV_ABS 0x03
#define EV_MSC 0x04
#define EV_SW 0x05
#define EV_LED 0x11
#define EV_SND 0x12
#define EV_REP 0x14
#define EV_FF 0x15
#define EV_PWR 0x16
#define EV_FF_STATUS 0x17
#define EV_MAX 0x1f
#define EV_CNT (EV_MAX+1)
/*
* Synchronization events.
*/
#define SYN_REPORT 0
#define SYN_CONFIG 1
#define SYN_MT_REPORT 2
#define SYN_DROPPED 3
#define SYN_MAX 0xf
#define SYN_CNT (SYN_MAX+1)
/*
* Keys and buttons
*
* Most of the keys/buttons are modeled after USB HUT 1.12
* (see http://www.usb.org/developers/hidpage).
* Abbreviations in the comments:
* AC - Application Control
* AL - Application Launch Button
* SC - System Control
*/
#define KEY_RESERVED 0
#define KEY_ESC 1
#define KEY_1 2
#define KEY_2 3
#define KEY_3 4
#define KEY_4 5
#define KEY_5 6
#define KEY_6 7
#define KEY_7 8
#define KEY_8 9
#define KEY_9 10
#define KEY_0 11
#define KEY_MINUS 12
#define KEY_EQUAL 13
#define KEY_BACKSPACE 14
#define KEY_TAB 15
#define KEY_Q 16
#define KEY_W 17
#define KEY_E 18
#define KEY_R 19
#define KEY_T 20
#define KEY_Y 21
#define KEY_U 22
#define KEY_I 23
#define KEY_O 24
#define KEY_P 25
#define KEY_LEFTBRACE 26
#define KEY_RIGHTBRACE 27
#define KEY_ENTER 28
#define KEY_LEFTCTRL 29
#define KEY_A 30
#define KEY_S 31
#define KEY_D 32
#define KEY_F 33
#define KEY_G 34
#define KEY_H 35
#define KEY_J 36
#define KEY_K 37
#define KEY_L 38
#define KEY_SEMICOLON 39
#define KEY_APOSTROPHE 40
#define KEY_GRAVE 41
#define KEY_LEFTSHIFT 42
#define KEY_BACKSLASH 43
#define KEY_Z 44
#define KEY_X 45
#define KEY_C 46
#define KEY_V 47
#define KEY_B 48
#define KEY_N 49
#define KEY_M 50
#define KEY_COMMA 51
#define KEY_DOT 52
#define KEY_SLASH 53
#define KEY_RIGHTSHIFT 54
#define KEY_KPASTERISK 55
#define KEY_LEFTALT 56
#define KEY_SPACE 57
#define KEY_CAPSLOCK 58
#define KEY_F1 59
#define KEY_F2 60
#define KEY_F3 61
#define KEY_F4 62
#define KEY_F5 63
#define KEY_F6 64
#define KEY_F7 65
#define KEY_F8 66
#define KEY_F9 67
#define KEY_F10 68
#define KEY_NUMLOCK 69
#define KEY_SCROLLLOCK 70
#define KEY_KP7 71
#define KEY_KP8 72
#define KEY_KP9 73
#define KEY_KPMINUS 74
#define KEY_KP4 75
#define KEY_KP5 76
#define KEY_KP6 77
#define KEY_KPPLUS 78
#define KEY_KP1 79
#define KEY_KP2 80
#define KEY_KP3 81
#define KEY_KP0 82
#define KEY_KPDOT 83
#define KEY_ZENKAKUHANKAKU 85
#define KEY_102ND 86
#define KEY_F11 87
#define KEY_F12 88
#define KEY_RO 89
#define KEY_KATAKANA 90
#define KEY_HIRAGANA 91
#define KEY_HENKAN 92
#define KEY_KATAKANAHIRAGANA 93
#define KEY_MUHENKAN 94
#define KEY_KPJPCOMMA 95
#define KEY_KPENTER 96
#define KEY_RIGHTCTRL 97
#define KEY_KPSLASH 98
#define KEY_SYSRQ 99
#define KEY_RIGHTALT 100
#define KEY_LINEFEED 101
#define KEY_HOME 102
#define KEY_UP 103
#define KEY_PAGEUP 104
#define KEY_LEFT 105
#define KEY_RIGHT 106
#define KEY_END 107
#define KEY_DOWN 108
#define KEY_PAGEDOWN 109
#define KEY_INSERT 110
#define KEY_DELETE 111
#define KEY_MACRO 112
#define KEY_MUTE 113
#define KEY_VOLUMEDOWN 114
#define KEY_VOLUMEUP 115
#define KEY_POWER 116 /* SC System Power Down */
#define KEY_KPEQUAL 117
#define KEY_KPPLUSMINUS 118
#define KEY_PAUSE 119
#define KEY_SCALE 120 /* AL Compiz Scale (Expose) */
#define KEY_KPCOMMA 121
#define KEY_HANGEUL 122
#define KEY_HANGUEL KEY_HANGEUL
#define KEY_HANJA 123
#define KEY_YEN 124
#define KEY_LEFTMETA 125
#define KEY_RIGHTMETA 126
#define KEY_COMPOSE 127
#define KEY_STOP 128 /* AC Stop */
#define KEY_AGAIN 129
#define KEY_PROPS 130 /* AC Properties */
#define KEY_UNDO 131 /* AC Undo */
#define KEY_FRONT 132
#define KEY_COPY 133 /* AC Copy */
#define KEY_OPEN 134 /* AC Open */
#define KEY_PASTE 135 /* AC Paste */
#define KEY_FIND 136 /* AC Search */
#define KEY_CUT 137 /* AC Cut */
#define KEY_HELP 138 /* AL Integrated Help Center */
#define KEY_MENU 139 /* Menu (show menu) */
#define KEY_CALC 140 /* AL Calculator */
#define KEY_SETUP 141
#define KEY_SLEEP 142 /* SC System Sleep */
#define KEY_WAKEUP 143 /* System Wake Up */
#define KEY_FILE 144 /* AL Local Machine Browser */
#define KEY_SENDFILE 145
#define KEY_DELETEFILE 146
#define KEY_XFER 147
#define KEY_PROG1 148
#define KEY_PROG2 149
#define KEY_WWW 150 /* AL Internet Browser */
#define KEY_MSDOS 151
#define KEY_COFFEE 152 /* AL Terminal Lock/Screensaver */
#define KEY_SCREENLOCK KEY_COFFEE
#define KEY_ROTATE_DISPLAY 153 /* Display orientation for e.g. tablets */
#define KEY_DIRECTION KEY_ROTATE_DISPLAY
#define KEY_CYCLEWINDOWS 154
#define KEY_MAIL 155
#define KEY_BOOKMARKS 156 /* AC Bookmarks */
#define KEY_COMPUTER 157
#define KEY_BACK 158 /* AC Back */
#define KEY_FORWARD 159 /* AC Forward */
#define KEY_CLOSECD 160
#define KEY_EJECTCD 161
#define KEY_EJECTCLOSECD 162
#define KEY_NEXTSONG 163
#define KEY_PLAYPAUSE 164
#define KEY_PREVIOUSSONG 165
#define KEY_STOPCD 166
#define KEY_RECORD 167
#define KEY_REWIND 168
#define KEY_PHONE 169 /* Media Select Telephone */
#define KEY_ISO 170
#define KEY_CONFIG 171 /* AL Consumer Control Configuration */
#define KEY_HOMEPAGE 172 /* AC Home */
#define KEY_REFRESH 173 /* AC Refresh */
#define KEY_EXIT 174 /* AC Exit */
#define KEY_MOVE 175
#define KEY_EDIT 176
#define KEY_SCROLLUP 177
#define KEY_SCROLLDOWN 178
#define KEY_KPLEFTPAREN 179
#define KEY_KPRIGHTPAREN 180
#define KEY_NEW 181 /* AC New */
#define KEY_REDO 182 /* AC Redo/Repeat */
#define KEY_F13 183
#define KEY_F14 184
#define KEY_F15 185
#define KEY_F16 186
#define KEY_F17 187
#define KEY_F18 188
#define KEY_F19 189
#define KEY_F20 190
#define KEY_F21 191
#define KEY_F22 192
#define KEY_F23 193
#define KEY_F24 194
#define KEY_PLAYCD 200
#define KEY_PAUSECD 201
#define KEY_PROG3 202
#define KEY_PROG4 203
#define KEY_ALL_APPLICATIONS 204 /* AC Desktop Show All Applications */
#define KEY_DASHBOARD KEY_ALL_APPLICATIONS
#define KEY_SUSPEND 205
#define KEY_CLOSE 206 /* AC Close */
#define KEY_PLAY 207
#define KEY_FASTFORWARD 208
#define KEY_BASSBOOST 209
#define KEY_PRINT 210 /* AC Print */
#define KEY_HP 211
#define KEY_CAMERA 212
#define KEY_SOUND 213
#define KEY_QUESTION 214
#define KEY_EMAIL 215
#define KEY_CHAT 216
#define KEY_SEARCH 217
#define KEY_CONNECT 218
#define KEY_FINANCE 219 /* AL Checkbook/Finance */
#define KEY_SPORT 220
#define KEY_SHOP 221
#define KEY_ALTERASE 222
#define KEY_CANCEL 223 /* AC Cancel */
#define KEY_BRIGHTNESSDOWN 224
#define KEY_BRIGHTNESSUP 225
#define KEY_MEDIA 226
#define KEY_SWITCHVIDEOMODE 227 /* Cycle between available video
outputs (Monitor/LCD/TV-out/etc) */
#define KEY_KBDILLUMTOGGLE 228
#define KEY_KBDILLUMDOWN 229
#define KEY_KBDILLUMUP 230
#define KEY_SEND 231 /* AC Send */
#define KEY_REPLY 232 /* AC Reply */
#define KEY_FORWARDMAIL 233 /* AC Forward Msg */
#define KEY_SAVE 234 /* AC Save */
#define KEY_DOCUMENTS 235
#define KEY_BATTERY 236
#define KEY_BLUETOOTH 237
#define KEY_WLAN 238
#define KEY_UWB 239
#define KEY_UNKNOWN 240
#define KEY_VIDEO_NEXT 241 /* drive next video source */
#define KEY_VIDEO_PREV 242 /* drive previous video source */
#define KEY_BRIGHTNESS_CYCLE 243 /* brightness up, after max is min */
#define KEY_BRIGHTNESS_AUTO 244 /* Set Auto Brightness: manual
brightness control is off,
rely on ambient */
#define KEY_BRIGHTNESS_ZERO KEY_BRIGHTNESS_AUTO
#define KEY_DISPLAY_OFF 245 /* display device to off state */
#define KEY_WWAN 246 /* Wireless WAN (LTE, UMTS, GSM, etc.) */
#define KEY_WIMAX KEY_WWAN
#define KEY_RFKILL 247 /* Key that controls all radios */
#define KEY_MICMUTE 248 /* Mute / unmute the microphone */
/* Code 255 is reserved for special needs of AT keyboard driver */
#define BTN_MISC 0x100
#define BTN_0 0x100
#define BTN_1 0x101
#define BTN_2 0x102
#define BTN_3 0x103
#define BTN_4 0x104
#define BTN_5 0x105
#define BTN_6 0x106
#define BTN_7 0x107
#define BTN_8 0x108
#define BTN_9 0x109
#define BTN_MOUSE 0x110
#define BTN_LEFT 0x110
#define BTN_RIGHT 0x111
#define BTN_MIDDLE 0x112
#define BTN_SIDE 0x113
#define BTN_EXTRA 0x114
#define BTN_FORWARD 0x115
#define BTN_BACK 0x116
#define BTN_TASK 0x117
#define BTN_JOYSTICK 0x120
#define BTN_TRIGGER 0x120
#define BTN_THUMB 0x121
#define BTN_THUMB2 0x122
#define BTN_TOP 0x123
#define BTN_TOP2 0x124
#define BTN_PINKIE 0x125
#define BTN_BASE 0x126
#define BTN_BASE2 0x127
#define BTN_BASE3 0x128
#define BTN_BASE4 0x129
#define BTN_BASE5 0x12a
#define BTN_BASE6 0x12b
#define BTN_DEAD 0x12f
#define BTN_GAMEPAD 0x130
#define BTN_SOUTH 0x130
#define BTN_A BTN_SOUTH
#define BTN_EAST 0x131
#define BTN_B BTN_EAST
#define BTN_C 0x132
#define BTN_NORTH 0x133
#define BTN_X BTN_NORTH
#define BTN_WEST 0x134
#define BTN_Y BTN_WEST
#define BTN_Z 0x135
#define BTN_TL 0x136
#define BTN_TR 0x137
#define BTN_TL2 0x138
#define BTN_TR2 0x139
#define BTN_SELECT 0x13a
#define BTN_START 0x13b
#define BTN_MODE 0x13c
#define BTN_THUMBL 0x13d
#define BTN_THUMBR 0x13e
#define BTN_DIGI 0x140
#define BTN_TOOL_PEN 0x140
#define BTN_TOOL_RUBBER 0x141
#define BTN_TOOL_BRUSH 0x142
#define BTN_TOOL_PENCIL 0x143
#define BTN_TOOL_AIRBRUSH 0x144
#define BTN_TOOL_FINGER 0x145
#define BTN_TOOL_MOUSE 0x146
#define BTN_TOOL_LENS 0x147
#define BTN_TOOL_QUINTTAP 0x148 /* Five fingers on trackpad */
#define BTN_STYLUS3 0x149
#define BTN_TOUCH 0x14a
#define BTN_STYLUS 0x14b
#define BTN_STYLUS2 0x14c
#define BTN_TOOL_DOUBLETAP 0x14d
#define BTN_TOOL_TRIPLETAP 0x14e
#define BTN_TOOL_QUADTAP 0x14f /* Four fingers on trackpad */
#define BTN_WHEEL 0x150
#define BTN_GEAR_DOWN 0x150
#define BTN_GEAR_UP 0x151
#define KEY_OK 0x160
#define KEY_SELECT 0x161
#define KEY_GOTO 0x162
#define KEY_CLEAR 0x163
#define KEY_POWER2 0x164
#define KEY_OPTION 0x165
#define KEY_INFO 0x166 /* AL OEM Features/Tips/Tutorial */
#define KEY_TIME 0x167
#define KEY_VENDOR 0x168
#define KEY_ARCHIVE 0x169
#define KEY_PROGRAM 0x16a /* Media Select Program Guide */
#define KEY_CHANNEL 0x16b
#define KEY_FAVORITES 0x16c
#define KEY_EPG 0x16d
#define KEY_PVR 0x16e /* Media Select Home */
#define KEY_MHP 0x16f
#define KEY_LANGUAGE 0x170
#define KEY_TITLE 0x171
#define KEY_SUBTITLE 0x172
#define KEY_ANGLE 0x173
#define KEY_FULL_SCREEN 0x174 /* AC View Toggle */
#define KEY_ZOOM KEY_FULL_SCREEN
#define KEY_MODE 0x175
#define KEY_KEYBOARD 0x176
#define KEY_ASPECT_RATIO 0x177 /* HUTRR37: Aspect */
#define KEY_SCREEN KEY_ASPECT_RATIO
#define KEY_PC 0x178 /* Media Select Computer */
#define KEY_TV 0x179 /* Media Select TV */
#define KEY_TV2 0x17a /* Media Select Cable */
#define KEY_VCR 0x17b /* Media Select VCR */
#define KEY_VCR2 0x17c /* VCR Plus */
#define KEY_SAT 0x17d /* Media Select Satellite */
#define KEY_SAT2 0x17e
#define KEY_CD 0x17f /* Media Select CD */
#define KEY_TAPE 0x180 /* Media Select Tape */
#define KEY_RADIO 0x181
#define KEY_TUNER 0x182 /* Media Select Tuner */
#define KEY_PLAYER 0x183
#define KEY_TEXT 0x184
#define KEY_DVD 0x185 /* Media Select DVD */
#define KEY_AUX 0x186
#define KEY_MP3 0x187
#define KEY_AUDIO 0x188 /* AL Audio Browser */
#define KEY_VIDEO 0x189 /* AL Movie Browser */
#define KEY_DIRECTORY 0x18a
#define KEY_LIST 0x18b
#define KEY_MEMO 0x18c /* Media Select Messages */
#define KEY_CALENDAR 0x18d
#define KEY_RED 0x18e
#define KEY_GREEN 0x18f
#define KEY_YELLOW 0x190
#define KEY_BLUE 0x191
#define KEY_CHANNELUP 0x192 /* Channel Increment */
#define KEY_CHANNELDOWN 0x193 /* Channel Decrement */
#define KEY_FIRST 0x194
#define KEY_LAST 0x195 /* Recall Last */
#define KEY_AB 0x196
#define KEY_NEXT 0x197
#define KEY_RESTART 0x198
#define KEY_SLOW 0x199
#define KEY_SHUFFLE 0x19a
#define KEY_BREAK 0x19b
#define KEY_PREVIOUS 0x19c
#define KEY_DIGITS 0x19d
#define KEY_TEEN 0x19e
#define KEY_TWEN 0x19f
#define KEY_VIDEOPHONE 0x1a0 /* Media Select Video Phone */
#define KEY_GAMES 0x1a1 /* Media Select Games */
#define KEY_ZOOMIN 0x1a2 /* AC Zoom In */
#define KEY_ZOOMOUT 0x1a3 /* AC Zoom Out */
#define KEY_ZOOMRESET 0x1a4 /* AC Zoom */
#define KEY_WORDPROCESSOR 0x1a5 /* AL Word Processor */
#define KEY_EDITOR 0x1a6 /* AL Text Editor */
#define KEY_SPREADSHEET 0x1a7 /* AL Spreadsheet */
#define KEY_GRAPHICSEDITOR 0x1a8 /* AL Graphics Editor */
#define KEY_PRESENTATION 0x1a9 /* AL Presentation App */
#define KEY_DATABASE 0x1aa /* AL Database App */
#define KEY_NEWS 0x1ab /* AL Newsreader */
#define KEY_VOICEMAIL 0x1ac /* AL Voicemail */
#define KEY_ADDRESSBOOK 0x1ad /* AL Contacts/Address Book */
#define KEY_MESSENGER 0x1ae /* AL Instant Messaging */
#define KEY_DISPLAYTOGGLE 0x1af /* Turn display (LCD) on and off */
#define KEY_BRIGHTNESS_TOGGLE KEY_DISPLAYTOGGLE
#define KEY_SPELLCHECK 0x1b0 /* AL Spell Check */
#define KEY_LOGOFF 0x1b1 /* AL Logoff */
#define KEY_DOLLAR 0x1b2
#define KEY_EURO 0x1b3
#define KEY_FRAMEBACK 0x1b4 /* Consumer - transport controls */
#define KEY_FRAMEFORWARD 0x1b5
#define KEY_CONTEXT_MENU 0x1b6 /* GenDesc - system context menu */
#define KEY_MEDIA_REPEAT 0x1b7 /* Consumer - transport control */
#define KEY_10CHANNELSUP 0x1b8 /* 10 channels up (10+) */
#define KEY_10CHANNELSDOWN 0x1b9 /* 10 channels down (10-) */
#define KEY_IMAGES 0x1ba /* AL Image Browser */
#define KEY_NOTIFICATION_CENTER 0x1bc /* Show/hide the notification center */
#define KEY_PICKUP_PHONE 0x1bd /* Answer incoming