User-defined conversions

User-defined conversions allow you to specify object conversions with constructors or with conversion functions. User-defined conversions are implicitly used in addition to standard conversions for conversion of initializers, functions arguments, function return values, expression operands, expressions controlling iteration, selection statements, and explicit type conversions.

There are two types of user-defined conversions:

• Conversion by constructor
• Conversion functions

Conversion function syntax
 
>>-+-----------+--operator--+----------+--conversion_type------->
   '-class--::-'            +-const----+
                            '-volatile-'
 
>--+----------------------+--(--)--+---------------------+-----><
   | .------------------. |        '-{--function_body--}-'
   | V                  | |
   '---pointer_operator-+-' 

代码

 1  #include  < iostream >
 2  using   namespace  std;
 3 
 4  class  A
 5  {
 6  public :
 7       operator   int ();
 8  };
 9 
10  A:: operator   int ()
11  {
12       return   90 ;
13  }
14 
15  int  main( int  argc,  char   * argv[])
16  {
17      A a;
18      cout  <<  a  <<  endl;
19       return   0 ;
20  }
21 
22 

结果：90

 

当有重载的operator << 的时候，会以operator<<更为优先

代码

 1  #include  < iostream >
 2  using   namespace  std;
 3 
 4  class  A
 5  {
 6  public :
 7       operator   int ();
 8      friend ostream &   operator << (ostream  & os, A  & a);
 9  };
10 
11  A:: operator   int ()
12  {
13       return   90 ;
14  }
15 
16  ostream  & operator << (ostream  & os, A  & a)
17  {
18      os  <<   30 ;
19       return  os;
20  }
21  int  main( int  argc,  char   * argv[])
22  {
23      A a;
24      cout  <<  a  <<  endl;
25       return   0 ;
26  }

结果：30

 

当存在继承关系的时候，只有当派生类和基类转换成相同的类型的时候，派生类的conversion function才会隐藏掉基类的conversion function，否则不会隐藏。

 

构造函数类型转换参考以下链接

参考：

User-defined conversions

Conversion functions

Conversion by constructor

 

MSDN Conversion by constructor