Nginx日常操作和配置

安装位置：/usr/local/nginx
配置目录：/usr/local/nginx/conf
配置文件：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
启动命令：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

[root@limt sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -h

nginx version: nginx/1.7.9

Usage: nginx [-?hvVtq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]



Options:

  -?,-h         : this help

  -v            : show version and exit

  -V            : show version and configure options then exit

  -t            : test configuration and exit

  -q            : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing

  -s signal     : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload

  -p prefix     : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/nginx/)

  -c filename   : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)

  -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file

1 指定配置文件启动

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

-c参数指定了要加载的nginx配置文件路径



[root@limt sbin]# ps -ef|grep nginx

root       4631      1  0 03:17 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nobody     4632   4631  0 03:17 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process                      

root       4634   4496  0 03:18 pts/0    00:00:00 grep nginx



2 修改配置文件后重新加载

kill -HUP 主进称号或进程号文件路径（/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid）

kill -HUP  `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

或者使用

/usr/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload



3 测试配置文件正确性

[root@limt sbin]# ./nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful



4 停止nginx

从容停止Nginx：

kill -QUIT 主进程号

快速停止Nginx：

kill -TERM 主进程号

强制停止Nginx：

pkill -9 主进程号

基本配置：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

#指定nginx worker进程运行用户以及用户组，默认nobody

user  nobody; 

#指定nginx要开启的进程数。最好与CPU个数相同               

worker_processes  2;         



#用来定义全局错误日志文件。级别有：debug、info、notice、warn、error和crit。debug输出日志最为详细，criti输出日志最少

#error_log  logs/error.log;

error_log  logs/error.log  notice;

#error_log  logs/error.log  info;



#用来指定进程id的存储文件位置

pid        logs/nginx.pid;



#设定nginx的工作模式及连接上限

events {

    #支持的工作模式有：select、poll、kqueue、epoll和rtsig.对于linux系统，epoll是首选模式

    use epoll; 

    #定义nginx每个进程的最大连接数

    worker_connections  2048;

}





#HTTP服务器配置

http {

    #实现对配置文件所包含的文件的设定，可以减少主配置文件的复杂度

    include       mime.types;

    #设定默认类型为二进制流

    default_type  application/octet-stream;



    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';



    access_log  logs/access.log  main;



    #用于开启高效文件传输模式

    sendfile        on;

    #防止TCP阻塞

    #tcp_nopush     on;



    #用于设置客户端连接保持活动的超时时间,超过这个时间，服务器会关闭该连接

    #keepalive_timeout  0;

    keepalive_timeout  65;



    #支持压缩传输，提高传输速度

    #gzip  on;



    #虚拟主机

    server {

        #监听端口

        listen       80;

        #主机头（域名）

        server_name  localhost;



        #web服务器的语言编码

        #charset koi8-r;



        access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;



        #匹配url地址中有"/",则执行花括号中的配置

        location / {

            #虚拟主机的本地目录，完整路径：/opt/nginx/html，也可写绝对路径

            root  /var/nginx;

            #默认索引的首页格式及顺序

            index  index.html index.htm;

        }



        #error_page  404              /404.html;



        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

        #

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;

        location = /50x.html {

            root   html;

        }



        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80

        #

        #location ~ \.php$ {

        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;

        #}



        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

        #

        #location ~ \.php$ {

        #    root           html;

        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;

        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;

        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

        #    include        fastcgi_params;

        #}



        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

        # concurs with nginx's one

        #

        #location ~ /\.ht {

        #    deny  all;

        #}

    }





    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration

    #

    #server {

    #    listen       8000;

    #    listen       somename:8080;

    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;



    #    location / {

    #        root   html;

    #        index  index.html index.htm;

    #    }

    #}





    # HTTPS server

    #

    #server {

    #    listen       443 ssl;

    #    server_name  localhost;



    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;

    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;



    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;

    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;



    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;

    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;



    #    location / {

    #        root   html;

    #        index  index.html index.htm;

    #    }

    #}



}