apace日常操作和配置

[root@limt modules]# /usr/sbin/apachectl -h

Usage: /usr/sbin/httpd [-D name] [-d directory] [-f file]

                       [-C "directive"] [-c "directive"]

                       [-k start|restart|graceful|graceful-stop|stop]

                       [-v] [-V] [-h] [-l] [-L] [-t] [-S]

Options:

  -D name            : define a name for use in <IfDefine name> directives

  -d directory       : specify an alternate initial ServerRoot

  -f file            : specify an alternate ServerConfigFile

  -C "directive"     : process directive before reading config files

  -c "directive"     : process directive after reading config files

  -e level           : show startup errors of level (see LogLevel)

  -E file            : log startup errors to file

  -v                 : show version number

  -V                 : show compile settings

  -h                 : list available command line options (this page)

  -l                 : list compiled in modules

  -L                 : list available configuration directives

  -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS  : show parsed settings (currently only vhost settings)

  -S                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS

  -t -D DUMP_MODULES : show all loaded modules 

  -M                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_MODULES

  -t                 : run syntax check for config files

1 查看apache编译时加载的模块

[root@limt modules]# /usr/sbin/apachectl -l

Compiled in modules:

  core.c

  prefork.c  #采用的多进程模式

  http_core.c

  mod_so.c

2 看所有可Load的模块

/usr/sbin/apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES

3 检查配置文件语法

[root@limt modules]# /usr/sbin/apachectl -t -f /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 

httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.1.104 for ServerName

Syntax OK

4 启动apache

[root@limt modules]# /usr/sbin/apachectl -k start -f /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 

httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.1.104 for ServerName

[root@limt modules]# ps -ef|grep http

root       6011      1  0 04:26 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/nss_pcache 294914 off /etc/httpd/alias

root       6013      1  4 04:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start -f /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

root       6015   6013  0 04:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/crlhelper 327684 6013 /etc/httpd/alias

apache     6016   6013  0 04:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start -f /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

apache     6017   6013  3 04:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start -f /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

apache     6018   6013  2 04:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start -f /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

apache     6019   6013  2 04:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start -f /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

apache     6020   6013  2 04:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start -f /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

apache     6021   6013  3 04:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start -f /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

apache     6022   6013  3 04:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start -f /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

apache     6023   6013  3 04:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start -f /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

apache     6024   6013  4 04:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start -f /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

root       6026   4496  0 04:27 pts/0    00:00:00 grep http

5 停止apache

[root@limt modules]# /usr/sbin/apachectl -k stop

httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.1.104 for ServerName

[root@limt modules]# 

[root@limt modules]# ps -ef|grep http

root       6039   4496  0 04:28 pts/0    00:00:00 grep http

6 配置文件:/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Section 1: Global Environment



ServerTokens OS

#语法:ServerTokens Major | Minor | Min[imal] | Prod[uctOnly] | OS | Full

#默认:ServerTokens Full

#这个指令用来控制服务器回应给客户端的“Server:”应答头是否包含关于服务器操作系统类型和编译进的模块描述信息。

#注意:在使用ServerTokens指令时要先启用ServerSignature指令。



#apache软件安装的位置

ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"



#主httpd进程(所有其他进程的父进程)的进程号文件位置

PidFile run/httpd.pid



Timeout 60

#开启持久性连接功能。即当客户端连接到服务器,下载完数据后仍然保持连接状态

KeepAlive Off

#一个连接服务的最多请求次数

MaxKeepAliveRequests 100

#持续连接多长时间,该连接没有再请求数据,则断开该连接。缺省为15秒

KeepAliveTimeout 15





#多进程模式

# prefork MPM

<IfModule prefork.c>

StartServers       8

MinSpareServers    5

MaxSpareServers   20

ServerLimit      256

MaxClients       256

MaxRequestsPerChild  4000

</IfModule>

#多进程多线程模式

# worker MPM

<IfModule worker.c>

StartServers         4

MaxClients         300

MinSpareThreads     25

MaxSpareThreads     75 

ThreadsPerChild     25

MaxRequestsPerChild  0

</IfModule>



#监听端口

Listen 8080



#加载模块

LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so

LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so

LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so

LoadModule authn_alias_module modules/mod_authn_alias.so



#加载conf.d目录的配置模块

Include conf.d/*.conf



# Section 2: 'Main' server configuration



#apache运行的用户

User apache

Group apache



#管理员的邮件地址

ServerAdmin root@localhost



ServerName指定Apache用于识别自身的名字和端口号。 

# 通常这个值是自动指定的,但是我们推荐你显式的指定它以防止启动时出错 

# 

# 如果你为你的主机指定了一个无效的DNS名,server-generated重定向将不能工作。 

# 参见UseCanonicalName指令 

# 

# 如果你的主机没有注册DNS名,在这里键入它的IP地址 

# 无论如何,你必须使用它的IP地址来提供服务, 

# 这里使用一种容易理解的方式重定向服务 

ServerName localhost:80 



# 

# UseCanonicalName:决定Apache如何构造URLS和 SERVER_NAME 和 SERVER_PORT 的指令。 

# 当设置为 “Off”时,Apache会使用用户端提供的主机名和端口号。 

# 当设置为“On”,Apache会使用ServerName指令的值。 

# 

UseCanonicalName Off 



#主站点的网页存储位置

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"



#错误日志文件

ErrorLog logs/error_log



ServerSignature On



#Section 3: Virtual Hosts

#<VirtualHost *:80>

#    ServerAdmin [email protected]

#    DocumentRoot /www/docs/dummy-host.example.com

#    ServerName dummy-host.example.com

#    ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log

#    CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common

#</VirtualHost>

 

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