linux -目录结构

摘自：http://www.comptechdoc.org/os/linux/usersguide/linux_ugfilestruct.html

这个目录结构介绍是我目前看到介绍最全的，有时间在翻译。

Linux Directory Structure

Note: Files are grouped according to purpose. Ex: commands, data files, documentation.

Parts of a Unix directory tree. See the FSSTND standard (Filesystem standard)

/			Root

|---root		The home directory for the root user

|---home		Contains the user's home directories

|    |----ftp		Users include many services as listed here

|    |----httpd

|    |----samba

|    |----user1

|    |----user2

|---bin			Commands needed during bootup that might be needed by normal users

|---sbin		Like bin but commands are not intended for normal users.  Commands run by LINUX.

|---proc		This filesystem is not on a disk.  Exists in the kernels imagination (virtual).  This directory

|    |			Holds information about kernel parameters and system configuration.

|    |----1		A directory with info about process number 1.  Each process

|				has a directory below proc.  

|---usr			Contains all commands, libraries, man pages, games and static files for normal

|    |			operation.

|    |----bin		Almost all user commands.  some commands are in /bin or /usr/local/bin.

|    |----sbin		System admin commands not needed on the root filesystem.  e.g., most server 

|    |			programs.

|    |----include	Header files for the C programming language.  Should be below /user/lib for

|    |			consistency.

|    |----lib		Unchanging data files for programs and subsystems

|    |----local		The place for locally installed software and other files.

|    |----man		Manual pages

|    |----info		Info documents

|    |----doc		Documentation for various packages

|    |----tmp

|    |----X11R6		The X windows system files.  There is a directory similar to usr below this 

|    |			directory.

|    |----X386		Like X11R6 but for X11 release 5

|---boot		Files used by the bootstrap loader, LILO.  Kernel images are often kept here.

|---lib			Shared libraries needed by the programs on the root filesystem

|    |----modules 	Loadable kernel modules, especially those needed to boot the system after

|			 disasters.

|---dev			Device files for devices such as disk drives, serial ports, etc.

|---etc			Configuration files specific to the machine.

|    |----skel		When a home directory is created it is initialized with files from this directory

|    |----sysconfig 	Files that configure the linux system for networking, keyboard, time, and more.

|---var			Contains files that change for mail, news, printers log files, man pages, temp files

|    |----file

|    |----lib		Files that change while the system is running normally

|    |----local		Variable data for programs installed in /usr/local.

|    |----lock		Lock files.  Used by a program to indicate it is using a particular device or file

|    |----log		Log files from programs such as login and syslog which logs all logins,

|    |			logouts, and other system messages.

|    |----run		Files that contain information about the system that is valid until the system is

|    |			next booted

|    |----spool		Directories for mail, printer spools, news and other spooled work.

|    |----tmp		Temporary files that are large or need to exist for longer than they should in

|    |			/tmp.

|    |----catman	A cache for man pages that are formatted on demand

|---mnt			Mount points for temporary mounts by the system administrator.

|---tmp			Temporary files.  Programs running after bootup should use /var/tmp.