Linux Direct 文件读写(文件DIO)

有时候,读写文件并不想要使用系统缓存(page cache),此时 direct 文件读写就派上了用场,使用方法:

 

(1)打开文件时,添加O_DIRECT参数:

需要定义_GNU_SOURCE,否则找不到O_DIRECT宏定义

示例片段:

#define _GNU_SOURCE

  

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <fcntl.h>

 

int fd = open("test.out", O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_DIRECT, 0644);
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(2)读写操作的传输数据大小和缓冲区地址都需要按照一定的规则对齐:

Linux下,对于不同的文件系统和内核版本,需要的对齐边界不同,也没有统一的接口可以获取到该边界值。

对于kernel 2.4版本:传输大小和缓冲区地址均需要按照访问文件系统的逻辑块大小对齐,比如文件系统的块大小是4K,buffer地址需要按照4K对齐,需要读写4K倍数的数据

对于kernel 2.6版本:传输大小和缓冲区地址按照目标存储设备的扇区大小(一般512)对齐

 

可使用memalign (malloc.h)来分配指定地址对齐的资源接口:void *memalign(size_t boundary, size_t size);

 

完整示例程序: 

 

#define _GNU_SOURCE

 

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <fcntl.h>

#include <malloc.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <errno.h>

#include <string.h>

 

int main(void) {

        char hello_str[] = "Hello World!";

        void *write_buffer;

        void *read_buffer;

        int fd; 

        int ret = 0;

     

        fd = open("test.out", O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_DIRECT, 0644);

        if (fd < 0) {

                printf("Failed to open file\n");

                return fd; 

        }   

     

        /* allocate a 1024 bytes buffer */

        write_buffer = memalign(512, 512 * 2); // align by 512

        if (!write_buffer) {

                printf("Failed to alloc write buffer\n");

                ret = -ENOMEM;

                goto bad_write_buffer;

        }   

 

        memcpy(write_buffer, hello_str, sizeof(hello_str));

 

        ret = write(fd, write_buffer, 512 * 2); 

        if (ret < 0) {

                printf("Failed to write file\n"); 

                goto bad_write;

        }   

 

        lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET); // read  previous write data

     

        read_buffer = memalign(512, 512 * 2);

        if (!read_buffer) {

                printf("Failed to alloc read buffer\n");

                ret = -ENOMEM;

                goto bad_read_buffer;

        }

 

        ret = read(fd, read_buffer, 512 * 2);

        if (ret <0) {

                printf("Failed to read file\n");

                goto bad_read;

        }

 

        printf("read from file : %s\n", read_buffer);

 

bad_read:

        free(read_buffer);

bad_read_buffer:

bad_write:

        free(write_buffer);

bad_write_buffer:

        close(fd);

        return ret;

}
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引用Linus的话:

"The thing that has always disturbed me about O_DIRECT is that the whole interface is just stupid, and was probably designed by a deranged monkey on some serious mind-controlling substances."—Linus(O_DIRECT就是一坨屎)

 

PS:

O_DIRECT的详细描述,可以看linux open系统调用的文档:http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/open.2.html

 

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