Android 之 自定义标签 和 自定义组件

1    自定义标签

这是我的模板项目目录

 

 

既然想像 android:text  那样使用自己的标签，那么首先得有标签。

在 res/values/ 下我新建了个 mm_tag.xml (切记不可出现大写，只能是 小写字母、数字、下划线)

第一步:    自定义 标签    

mm_tag.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<resources>

    <declare-styleable name="GridItem">

        <attr name="bkground" format="reference|color"/>

        <attr name="text1"    format="string"/>

        <attr name="text2"    format="string"/>

        <attr name="image"    format="reference|integer"/>

    </declare-styleable>    

</resources>

format 参考:

1. reference：参考某一资源ID

2. color：颜色值

3. boolean：布尔值

4. dimension：尺寸值

5. float：浮点值

6. integer：整型值

7. string：字符串

8. fraction：百分数

9. enum：枚举值

//属性定义：

< declare -styleable name = "名称" >

    <attr name = "orientation" >

        <enum name = "horizontal" value = "0" />

        <enum name = "vertical" value = "1" />

    </attr>                      

</ declare -styleable>



//属性使用：

<LinearLayout

    xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:orientation = "vertical"

    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"

    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"

>

</LinearLayout>

 

10. flag：位或运算

//属性定义：

< declare -styleable name = "名称" >

    <attr name = "windowSoftInputMode" >

        <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />

        <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />

        <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />

    </attr>                

</ declare -styleable>



//属性使用：

<activity

    android: name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"

    android:label = "@string/app_name"

    android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged　|　stateHidden" >

    <intent-filter>

        < action android: name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />

        <category android: name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

    </intent-filter>

</activity>

 

11.注意：属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。

//属性定义：

< declare -styleable name = "名称" >

    <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />

</ declare -styleable>



//属性使用：

<ImageView

    android:layout_width = "42dip"

    android:layout_height = "42dip"

    android: background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00" />

第二步:    在自定义组件中获得标签传回的数据

比如我们在布局中使用自定义组件 GridItem:

首先 声明好 标签的命名空间

xmlns:griditem = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.mm.template"

//对比下 android 的命名空间:

xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

发现只有 res/后面的不同， com.mm.template 是我的应用程序包名，通过 上文中的 项目目录图片可以看出来，

griditem 是我随便想的一个命名空间的名字。

接下来就是使用自定义组件

< com.mm.template.GridItem

     griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_1"

     android:padding = "5dp"

     android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

     android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

     android:layout_weight = "1"

     griditem:bkground = "@color/orange"

     griditem:text1 = "Android"       griditem:text2 = "手机开发" />

其中 用到了我们的自定义标签：

griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_1"

griditem:bkground = "@color/orange"

griditem:text1 = "Android"

griditem:text2 = "手机开发"

怎么获取标签传回的数据呢呢？

在自定义组件 GridItem 的实现代码中使用如下方法即可

public GridItem(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {

	super(context, attrs);

	

	TypedArray typedarray=context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.GridItem);

	

	bk_color =typedarray.getResourceId(R.styleable.GridItem_bkground, R.color.burlywood);

	text1 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text1);

	text2 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text2);

	image=typedarray.getDrawable(R.styleable.GridItem_image);

	

	typedarray.recycle();



	view=LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.mm_grid_item, this,true);

	

	layout=(LinearLayout)view.findViewById(R.id.item_layout);

	textview1=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text1);

	textview2=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text2);

	imageview=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.imageview);

	

	layout.setBackgroundResource(bk_color);	//设置背景色

	textview1.setText(text1);				//设置第一行文字

	textview2.setText(text2);				//设置第二行文字

	imageview.setImageDrawable(image);		//设置图标

}

即可获得 我们自定义标签传过来的数据，并且正确的在界面中显示出来。

下面我将结合自定义 组件 GridItem 来一起讲。

2    自定义组件

我想实现一个组件，类似于这样的

 

 

方法有很多种，自定义布局即可，现在我想让它以组件的形式在 布局中直接 像 TextView 一样使用，

那么就用到自定义组件。

下面我将实现一个自定义组件 GridItem 实现。

 

一般都是继承于 Layout（我用继承于View时出现问题 ~~!）

GridItem.java

package com.mm.template;



import android.content.Context;

import android.content.res.TypedArray;

import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;

import android.util.AttributeSet;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.ImageView;

import android.widget.LinearLayout;

import android.widget.TextView;



public class GridItem extends LinearLayout {

	

	private	int bk_color;	//背景色

	private String text1;	//第一行文字

	private String text2;	//第二行文字

	private Drawable image;	//图标

	

	private LinearLayout layout;

	private TextView textview1;

	private TextView textview2;

	private ImageView imageview;

	

	private View view;



	public GridItem(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {

		super(context, attrs);

		

		TypedArray typedarray=context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.GridItem);

		

		bk_color =typedarray.getResourceId(R.styleable.GridItem_bkground, R.color.burlywood);

		text1 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text1);

		text2 =typedarray.getString(R.styleable.GridItem_text2);

		image=typedarray.getDrawable(R.styleable.GridItem_image);

		

		typedarray.recycle();

	

		view=LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.mm_grid_item, this,true);

		

		layout=(LinearLayout)view.findViewById(R.id.item_layout);

		textview1=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text1);

		textview2=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text2);

		imageview=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.imageview);

		

		layout.setBackgroundResource(bk_color);	//设置背景色

		textview1.setText(text1);				//设置第一行文字

		textview2.setText(text2);				//设置第二行文字

		imageview.setImageDrawable(image);		//设置图标

	}



}

这个自定义组件 GridItem 用到的布局文件

mm_grid_item.xml

<? xml   version = "1.0"    encoding = "utf-8" ?>

< LinearLayout   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

     xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools"

     android: id = "@+id/item_layout"

     android:layout_width = "match_parent"

     android:layout_height = "match_parent"

     android:orientation = "vertical"

     android: background = "@color/black"

     android:padding = "3dp"

     android:paddingLeft = "6dp"

     tools:ignore = "HardcodedText,ContentDescription"    >

     < TextView

         android: id = "@+id/text1"

         android:layout_weight = "1"

          style = "@style/MM_TextView" />

     < TextView

         android: id = "@+id/text2"

         android:layout_weight = "1"

         android:textSize = "12sp"

          style = "@style/MM_TextView" />

     < ImageView

         android: id = "@+id/imageview"

         android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

         android:layout_height = "0dp"

         android:layout_gravity = "right"

         android: src = "@drawable/mm_title_1"   

         android:layout_weight = "2"

         android:layout_marginTop = "10dp"

         android:scaleType = "fitCenter" />

    

      <!--图片缩放

        android:scaleX="0.8"

        android:scaleY="0.8" --> </ LinearLayout >

3    使用方法

在 main_layout.xml (我的主布局文件)中使用

< LinearLayout   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

     xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools"

     xmlns:griditem = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.mm.template"

     android:layout_width = "match_parent"

     android:layout_height = "match_parent"

     android: background = "@color/white"

     android:orientation = "vertical"

     tools:ignore = "HardcodedText,ContentDescription,NestedWeights"    >

    

      <!-- Head start -->

     < LinearLayout

         android:layout_width = "match_parent"

         android:layout_height = "44dp"

         android:orientation = "horizontal"

         android:padding = "10dp"

         android: background = "@color/red" >

         < ImageView

             android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

             android:layout_height = "match_parent"

             android: src = "@drawable/mm_title_1"    />

         < TextView

             android:layout_width = "0dp"

             android:layout_height = "match_parent"

             android:layout_weight = "1"

             android:gravity = "center"

             android: text = "测试案例"

             android:textStyle = "bold"

             android:textSize = "16sp"

             android:textColor = "@android:color/white" />

         < ImageView

             android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

             android:layout_height = "match_parent"

             android: src = "@drawable/mm_title_2"    />

     </ LinearLayout >

      <!-- Head end   -->

    

      <!-- Search start-->

     < LinearLayout

         android:layout_width = "match_parent"

         android:layout_height = "36dp"

         android:orientation = "vertical"

         android:paddingTop = "3dp"   

         android:layout_margin = "8dp" >

         < EditText

             android: id = "@+id/search_edit"

             android:layout_width = "match_parent"

             android:layout_height = "match_parent"

             android:drawableLeft = "@drawable/mm_search"

               android: background = "@drawable/mm_shape_editview"

               android:hint = "请输入关键字"

             android:textSize = "16sp"

             android:textColorHint = "@color/darkgray"

             android:textStyle = "bold"

             android:padding = "6dp" />

     </ LinearLayout >

      <!-- Search end  -->

      <!-- GridItem start  -->

     < LinearLayout  

           android:layout_width = "match_parent"

           android:layout_height = "0dp"

           android:layout_weight = "1"

           android:orientation = "horizontal"

         android:layout_margin = "10dp" >

         < com.mm.template.GridItem

             griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_1"

             android:padding = "5dp"

               android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

               android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

               android:layout_weight = "1"

               griditem:bkground = "@color/orange"

               griditem:text1 = "Android"

               griditem:text2 = "手机开发" />

         < com.mm.template.GridItem

             griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_2"

             android:padding = "5dp"

               android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

               android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

               android:layout_weight = "1"

               griditem:bkground = "@color/blueviolet"

               griditem:text1 = "C++"

               griditem:text2 = "编程语言" />

         < com.mm.template.GridItem

             griditem:image = "@drawable/mm_3"

             android:padding = "5dp"

               android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

               android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

               android:layout_weight = "1"

               griditem:bkground = "@color/blue"

               griditem:text1 = "服务端"

               griditem:text2 = "后台开发" />

     </ LinearLayout >

      <!-- GridItem end  --> </ LinearLayout >

也就是 <com /> 标签为我们自定义的 GridItem 组件。

4    结果展示

 

 

 

 

 

参考 来源： < http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_62ef2f14010105vi.html >

 

 

注：转载请注明出处 :)   毕竟代码是一个一个敲出来的啊，O(∩_∩)O~