套接字(socket)是通信的基石,是支持TCP/IP协议的网络通信的基本操作单元。
它是网络通信过程中端点的抽象表示,包含进行网络通信必须的五种信息:连接使用的协议,
本地主机的IP地址,本地进程的协议端口,远地主机的IP地址,远地进程的协议端口。
套接字之间的连接过程分为三个步骤:服务器监听,客户端请求,连接确认。
1.HTTP请求格式:
<request line>
<headers>
<blank line>
[<request-body>]
2.了解Socket,TCP,HTTP,直接的关系
HTTP协议(Hypertext Transfer Protocol ),是Web联网的基础,也是手机联网常用的协议之一,HTTP协议是建立在TCP协议之上的一种应用。
创建Socket连接时,可以指定使用的传输层协议,Socket可以支持不同的传输层协议(TCP或UDP),当使用TCP协议进行连接时,该Socket连接就是一个TCP连接。
.NetFrameWork为Socket通讯提供了System.Net.Socket命名空间,在这个命名空间里面有以下几个常用的重要类分别是:
·Socket类这个低层的类用于管理连接,WebRequest,TcpClient和UdpClient在内部使用这个类。
·NetworkStream类这个类是从Stream派生出来的,它表示来自网络的数据流
·TcpClient类允许创建和使用TCP连接
·TcpListener类允许监听传入的TCP连接请求
·UdpClient类用于UDP客户创建连接(UDP是另外一种TCP协议,但没有得到广泛的使用,主要用于本地网络)
IPAddress类 提供网际协议 (IP) 地址。
IPEndPoint 继承 EndPoint 将网络端点表示为 IP 地址和端口号。
简单的Http请求服务处理类
class MyWebServer { private readonly int port = Convert.ToInt32(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["port"].ToString()); private readonly string host = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["host"]; private readonly string sMyWebServerRoot = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["dir"]; private TcpListener tcplistener=null; public MyWebServer() { try { ///创建终结点(EndPoint) IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(host);//把ip地址字符串转换为IPAddress类型的实例 //TcpListener类对象,监听端口 tcplistener = new TcpListener(ip, port); tcplistener.Start(); Console.WriteLine("Web Server Running... Press ^C to Stop..."); //同时启动一个兼听进程 ''StartListen'' Thread th = new Thread(new ThreadStart(StartListen)); th.Start(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("监听端口时发生错误 :" + e.ToString()); } } /// <summary> /// 设置请求的标头 /// </summary> /// <param name="sHttpVersion"></param> /// <param name="sMIMEHeader"></param> /// <param name="iTotBytes"></param> /// <param name="sStatusCode"></param> /// <param name="mySocket"></param> public void SendHeader(string sHttpVersion, string sMIMEHeader, int iTotBytes, string sStatusCode, ref Socket mySocket) { String sBuffer = ""; if (sMIMEHeader.Length == 0) { sMIMEHeader = "text/html"; // 默认 text/html } sBuffer = sBuffer + sHttpVersion + sStatusCode + "\r\n"; sBuffer = sBuffer + "Server: cx1193719-b\r\n"; sBuffer = sBuffer + "Content-Type: " + sMIMEHeader + "\r\n"; sBuffer = sBuffer + "Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n"; sBuffer = sBuffer + "Content-Length: " + iTotBytes + "\r\n\r\n"; Byte[] bSendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sBuffer); SendToBrowser(bSendData, ref mySocket); Console.WriteLine("Total Bytes : " + iTotBytes.ToString()); } public void SendToBrowser(String sData, ref Socket mySocket) { SendToBrowser(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sData), ref mySocket); } /// <summary> /// 负责向客户端发起数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="bSendData">字节数组</param> /// <param name="mySocket">Soket对象!</param> public void SendToBrowser(Byte[] bSendData, ref Socket mySocket) { int numBytes = 0; try { if (mySocket.Connected) { if ((numBytes = mySocket.Send(bSendData, bSendData.Length, 0)) == -1) Console.WriteLine("Socket Error cannot Send Packet"); else { Console.WriteLine("No. of bytes send {0}", numBytes); } } else Console.WriteLine("连接失败...."); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("发生错误 : {0} ", e); } } public static void Main() { MyWebServer MWS = new MyWebServer(); } public void StartListen() { int iStartPos = 0; String sRequest; String sDirName; String sRequestedFile; String sErrorMessage; String sLocalDir; String sPhysicalFilePath = ""; String sFormattedMessage = ""; String sResponse = ""; //进入监听循环 while (true) { //接受新连接 Socket mySocket = tcplistener.AcceptSocket(); Console.WriteLine("Socket Type " + mySocket.SocketType); if (mySocket.Connected) { Console.WriteLine("\nClient Connected!!\n==================\nCLient IP {0}\n", mySocket.RemoteEndPoint); //将请求转化成字节数组! // 为读取数据而准备缓存 Byte[] bReceive = new Byte[1024]; int i = mySocket.Receive(bReceive, bReceive.Length, 0); //转换成字符串类型 string sBuffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bReceive); Console.WriteLine(sBuffer); //只处理"get"请求类型 if (sBuffer.Substring(0, 3) != "GET") { Console.WriteLine("只处理get请求类型.."); mySocket.Close(); return; } // 查找 "HTTP" 的位置 iStartPos = sBuffer.IndexOf("HTTP", 1); string sHttpVersion = sBuffer.Substring(iStartPos, 8); // 得到请求类型和文件目录文件名 sRequest = sBuffer.Substring(0, iStartPos - 1); sRequest.Replace("\\", "/"); //如果结尾不是文件名也不是以"/"结尾则加"/" if ((sRequest.IndexOf(".") < 1) && (!sRequest.EndsWith("/"))) { sRequest = sRequest + "/"; } //得带请求文件名 iStartPos = sRequest.LastIndexOf("/") + 1; sRequestedFile = sRequest.Substring(iStartPos); //得到请求文件目录 sDirName = sRequest.Substring(sRequest.IndexOf("/"), sRequest.LastIndexOf("/") - 3); //获取虚拟目录物理路径 sLocalDir = sMyWebServerRoot; Console.WriteLine("请求文件目录 : " + sLocalDir); if (sLocalDir.Length == 0) { sErrorMessage = "<H2>Error!! Requested Directory does not exists</H2><Br>"; SendHeader(sHttpVersion, "", sErrorMessage.Length, " 404 Not Found", ref mySocket); SendToBrowser(sErrorMessage, ref mySocket); mySocket.Close(); continue; } if (sRequestedFile.Length == 0) { // 取得请求文件名 sRequestedFile = "index.html"; } ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // 取得请求文件类型(设定为text/html) ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// String sMimeType = "text/html"; sPhysicalFilePath = sLocalDir + sRequestedFile; Console.WriteLine("请求文件: " + sPhysicalFilePath); if (File.Exists(sPhysicalFilePath) == false) { sErrorMessage = "<H2>404 Error! File Does Not Exists...</H2>"; SendHeader(sHttpVersion, "", sErrorMessage.Length, " 404 Not Found", ref mySocket); SendToBrowser(sErrorMessage, ref mySocket); Console.WriteLine(sFormattedMessage); } else { int iTotBytes = 0; sResponse = ""; FileStream fs = new FileStream(sPhysicalFilePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read); BinaryReader reader = new BinaryReader(fs); byte[] bytes = new byte[fs.Length]; int read; while ((read = reader.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length)) != 0) { sResponse = sResponse + Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes, 0, read); iTotBytes = iTotBytes + read; } reader.Close(); fs.Close(); SendHeader(sHttpVersion, sMimeType, iTotBytes, " 200 OK", ref mySocket); SendToBrowser(bytes, ref mySocket); //mySocket.Send(bytes, bytes.Length,0); } mySocket.Close(); } } } }
服务端配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <appSettings> <add key="port" value="1280"/> <!--IP地址--> <add key="host" value="127.0.0.1"/> <!--设定你自己的虚拟目录--> <add key="dir" value="E:\\MyWebServerRoot\\"/> </appSettings> </configuration>
客户端请求类
static void Main(string[] args) { int port = 1280; string host = "127.0.0.1"; IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(host); // string hotByname = "www.baidu.com"; // IPHostEntry gist = Dns.GetHostByName(hotByname); //IPAddress ip = gist.AddressList[0]; /**/ ///创建终结点EndPoint //IPAddress ipp = new IPAddress("127.0.0.1"); IPEndPoint ipe = new IPEndPoint(ip, port);//把ip和端口转化为IPEndpoint实例 /**/ ///创建socket并连接到服务器 Socket c = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);//创建Socket Console.WriteLine("Conneting…"); c.Connect(ipe);//连接到服务器 ///向服务器发送信息 //{GET /index.php HTTP/1.0Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(); buf.Append("GET ").Append("/index.php").Append(" HTTP/1.0\r\n"); buf.Append("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n"); buf.Append("\r\n"); byte[] bs = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(buf.ToString());//把字符串编码为字节 Console.WriteLine("Send Message"); c.Send(bs);//发送信息 /**/ ///接受从服务器返回的信息 string recvStr = ""; byte[] recvBytes = new byte[1024]; int bytes; do { bytes = c.Receive(recvBytes, recvBytes.Length, 0);//从服务器端接受返回信息 recvStr += Encoding.Default.GetString(recvBytes, 0, bytes); Console.WriteLine("client get message:{0}", recvStr);//显示服务器返回信息 } while (bytes!=0); /**/ ///一定记着用完socket后要关闭 c.Close(); Console.ReadLine();
以上有一个问题注意:
GET /xxx.xxx HTTP/1.1
Host: xxx
Connection: Close //没有关闭请求!
只有加入这最后一行,对方发送完数据才会关闭连接,只有对方关闭连接,我们这边才能recv到一个0,
从而根据recv返回的0判断接收数据完毕,然后我们就可以退出拼接数据包的循环。