(本文JDK版本6.0)
SUN的JDK版本从1.3.1开始使用HotSpot虚拟机技术。
HotSpot是较新的Java虚拟机技术,用来代替JIT(Just in Time)技术,可以大大提高Java运行的性能。
Java原先是把源代码编译为字节码在虚拟机执行,这样执行速度较慢。而该技术将常用的部分代码编译为本地(原生,native)代码,这样
显著提高了性能。
用于服务器版和标准版的HotSpot有所不同。
其他的Java虚拟机也有类似的技术。
HotSpot JVM 参数可以分为标准参数(standard options)和非标准参数(non-standard options)。
标准参数相对稳定,在JDK未来的版本里不会有太大的改动。
非标准参数则有因升级JDK而改变的可能。
java启动参数共分为三类(其中非标准又分为-X和-XX);
其一是标准参数(-),所有的JVM实现都必须实现这些参数的功能,而且向后兼容;
其二是非标准参数(-X),默认jvm实现这些参数的功能,但是并不保证所有jvm实现都满足,且不保证向后兼容;
其三是非Stable参数(-XX),此类参数各个jvm实现会有所不同,将来可能会随时取消,需要慎重使用;
-disablesystemassertions
-dsa
关闭所有系统类的断言。
-jar
这个也没什么说的。
-javaagent :jarpath [=options]
加载Java 程序语言代理
-verbose:class
输出每个加载的类详细信息。
-verbose:gc
输出GC的详细信息。
-verbose:jni
输出本地方法接口的调用信息。
-version
-help
-?
不用说了。
-X
显示可用的非标准参数
非标准参数:
-Xint
以解释模式运行。JVM不会使用HotSpot的新特性,不会将部分常用代码编译为本地代码,所有代码都以字节码的方式解释运行。你可以理解为使用JDK1.3.1以前的JIT方式运行程序。
-Xbatch
不使用后台编译。
-Xbootclasspath:bootclasspath
使用bootstrap classloader 加载指定路径的class或jar,这是种完全覆盖默认系统类加载的方案,慎用。
-Xbootclasspath/a:bootclasspath
将指定的classpath追加到默认的bootclasspath的后面加载
-Xbootclasspath/p:bootclasspath
将指定的classpath追加到默认的bootclasspath的前面加载
-Xcheck:jni
在调用JNI函数时做额外的检查。这个参数会降低JVM的执行性能。
-Xfuture
执行严格的class文件格式检查,不加这个参数,默认使用JDK1.1.* 版本的class格式检查方法。
-Xnoclassgc
禁用class垃圾收集。
-Xincgc
开启增量垃圾收集机制。默认为关闭。增量垃圾收集能减少因垃圾收集而引起的程序中断,它会在程序运行期间不定期地以并发的方式运行,在运行期间不会引起中断但是会减少分配给程序的cpu资源。
-Xloggc:file
GC详情日志。效果如-verbose:gc ,不过这个可以输出到一个文件。除了-verbose:gc包含的信息,还有显示发生的时间。 文件可以是远程的,但是考虑到网络延迟会引起JVM中断,一般建议使用本地文件,
-Xms
分配的堆空间初始值:
-Xms6291456
-Xms6144k
-Xms6m
-Xmx
分配的堆空间最大值:
-Xmx83886080
-Xmx81920k
-Xmx80m
-Xmn
设置年轻代大小。整个堆大小=年轻代大小 + 年老代大小 + 持久代大小。持久代一般固定大小为64m,所以增大年轻代后,将会减小年老代大小。此值对系统性能影响较大,Sun官方推荐配置为整个堆的3/8
-Xmn200m
-Xprof
在运行程序时给出分析数据。适用于开发环境,不适用于生产环境。
-Xrs
减少JVM的操作系统信号的使用量。
-Xss
设置每个线程的堆栈大小。JDK5.0以后每个线程堆栈大小为1M,以前每个线程堆栈大小为256K。更具应用的线程所需内存大小进行调整。在相同物理内存下,减小这个值能生成更多的线程。但是操作系统对一个进程内的线程数还是有限制的,不能无限生成,经验值在3000~5000左右。
有三种-XX参数的形式:
以下是-XX参数列表,本来想都翻译过来,但是发现一些技术术语如果硬是翻译可能会导致词不达意,因此大部分描述都保持原文。
参数名和默认值 | 描述 |
---|---|
-XX:-AllowUserSignalHandlers | 允许使用用户自定义的信号处理器 (只对应Solaris和Linux) |
-XX:AltStackSize=16384 | 修改栈容量 (单位 Kb) (对应Solaris, JDK 5.0以后弃用) |
-XX:-DisableExplicitGC | 禁止手动调用System.gc() |
-XX:+FailOverToOldVerifier | 如果新的类型校验器验证失败使用旧版本的类型校验器 (开始于JDK6.) |
-XX:+HandlePromotionFailure | The youngest generation collection does not require a guarantee of full promotion of all live objects. (Introduced in 1.4.2 update 11) [5.0 and earlier: false.] |
-XX:+MaxFDLimit | 将文件描述符加到最大 (对应Solaris) |
-XX:PreBlockSpin=10 | Spin count variable for use with -XX:+UseSpinning. Controls the maximum spin iterations allowed before entering operating system thread synchronization code. (Introduced in 1.4.2.) |
-XX:-RelaxAccessControlCheck | 放宽类型校验机的准入控制(JDK6) |
-XX:+ScavengeBeforeFullGC | 在full GC之前先做年轻代GC (开始于JDK1.4.1.) |
-XX:+UseAltSigs | Use alternate signals instead of SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 for VM internal signals. (Introduced in 1.3.1 update 9, 1.4.1. Relevant to Solaris only.) |
-XX:+UseBoundThreads | Bind user level threads to kernel threads. (Relevant to Solaris only.) |
-XX:-UseConcMarkSweepGC | 使用并发的mark-sweep GC收集年老代 (始于JDK1.4.1) |
-XX:+UseGCOverheadLimit | 使用一种限制VM做GC操作的时间所占比例过高的策略 (始于JDK6.) |
-XX:+UseLWPSynchronization | 使用轻量级进程同步替代线程同步 (始于JDK1.4.0. Solaris相关) |
-XX:-UseParallelGC | 使用并发平行GC(始于JDK1.4.1) |
-XX:-UseParallelOldGC | 使用并发平行GC做 full GC. (始于JDK5.0 update 6.) |
-XX:-UseSerialGC | 使用串行GC (始于JDK5.0.) |
-XX:-UseSpinning | Enable naive spinning on Java monitor before entering operating system thread synchronizaton code. (Relevant to 1.4.2 and 5.0 only.) [1.4.2, multi-processor Windows platforms: true] |
-XX:+UseTLAB | Use thread-local object allocation (Introduced in 1.4.0, known as UseTLE prior to that.) [1.4.2 and earlier, x86 or with -client: false] |
-XX:+UseSplitVerifier | Use the new type checker with StackMapTable attributes. (Introduced in 5.0.)[5.0: false] |
-XX:+UseThreadPriorities | Use native thread priorities. |
-XX:+UseVMInterruptibleIO | Thread interrupt before or with EINTR for I/O operations results in OS_INTRPT. (Introduced in 6. Relevant to Solaris only.) |
参数名和默认值 | 描述 |
---|---|
-XX:+AggressiveOpts | Turn on point performance compiler optimizations that are expected to be default in upcoming releases. (Introduced in 5.0 update 6.) |
-XX:CompileThreshold=10000 | Number of method invocations/branches before compiling [-client: 1,500] |
-XX:LargePageSizeInBytes=4m | Sets the large page size used for the Java heap. (Introduced in 1.4.0 update 1.) [amd64: 2m.] |
-XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=70 | Maximum percentage of heap free after GC to avoid shrinking. |
-XX:MaxNewSize=size | Maximum size of new generation (in bytes). Since 1.4, MaxNewSize is computed as a function of NewRatio. [1.3.1 Sparc: 32m; 1.3.1 x86: 2.5m.] |
-XX:MaxPermSize=64m | Size of the Permanent Generation. [5.0 and newer: 64 bit VMs are scaled 30% larger; 1.4 amd64: 96m; 1.3.1 -client: 32m.] |
-XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=40 | Minimum percentage of heap free after GC to avoid expansion. |
-XX:NewRatio=2 | Ratio of new/old generation sizes. [Sparc -client: 8; x86 -server: 8; x86 -client: 12.]-client: 4 (1.3) 8 (1.3.1+), x86: 12] |
-XX:NewSize=2.125m | Default size of new generation (in bytes) [5.0 and newer: 64 bit VMs are scaled 30% larger; x86: 1m; x86, 5.0 and older: 640k] |
-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=32m | Reserved code cache size (in bytes) - maximum code cache size. [Solaris 64-bit, amd64, and -server x86: 48m; in 1.5.0_06 and earlier, Solaris 64-bit and and64: 1024m.] |
-XX:SurvivorRatio=8 | Ratio of eden/survivor space size [Solaris amd64: 6; Sparc in 1.3.1: 25; other Solaris platforms in 5.0 and earlier: 32] |
-XX:TargetSurvivorRatio=50 | Desired percentage of survivor space used after scavenge. |
-XX:ThreadStackSize=512 | Thread Stack Size (in Kbytes). (0 means use default stack size) [Sparc: 512; Solaris x86: 320 (was 256 prior in 5.0 and earlier); Sparc 64 bit: 1024; Linux amd64: 1024 (was 0 in 5.0 and earlier); all others 0.] |
-XX:+UseBiasedLocking | Enable biased locking. For more details, see this tuning example . (Introduced in 5.0 update 6.) [5.0: false] |
-XX:+UseFastAccessorMethods | Use optimized versions of Get<Primitive>Field. |
-XX:-UseISM | Use Intimate Shared Memory. [Not accepted for non-Solaris platforms.] For details, seeIntimate Shared Memory . |
-XX:+UseLargePages | Use large page memory. (Introduced in 5.0 update 5.) For details, see Java Support for Large Memory Pages . |
-XX:+UseMPSS | Use Multiple Page Size Support w/4mb pages for the heap. Do not use with ISM as this replaces the need for ISM. (Introduced in 1.4.0 update 1, Relevant to Solaris 9 and newer.) [1.4.1 and earlier: false] |
-XX:+StringCache | Enables caching of commonly allocated strings. |
-XX:AllocatePrefetchLines=1 | Number of cache lines to load after the last object allocation using prefetch instructions generated in JIT compiled code. Default values are 1 if the last allocated object was an instance and 3 if it was an array. |
-XX:AllocatePrefetchStyle=1 | Generated code style for prefetch instructions. 0 - no prefetch instructions are generate*d*, 1 - execute prefetch instructions after each allocation, 2 - use TLAB allocation watermark pointer to gate when prefetch instructions are executed. |
参数名和默认值 | 描述 |
---|---|
-XX:-CITime | Prints time spent in JIT Compiler. (Introduced in 1.4.0.) |
-XX:ErrorFile=./hs_err_pid<pid>.log | If an error occurs, save the error data to this file. (Introduced in 6.) |
-XX:-ExtendedDTraceProbes | Enable performance-impacting dtrace probes. (Introduced in 6. Relevant to Solaris only.) |
-XX:HeapDumpPath=./java_pid<pid>.hprof | Path to directory or filename for heap dump. Manageable . (Introduced in 1.4.2 update 12, 5.0 update 7.) |
-XX:-HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError | Dump heap to file when java.lang.OutOfMemoryError is thrown. Manageable . (Introduced in 1.4.2 update 12, 5.0 update 7.) |
-XX:OnError="<cmd args>;<cmd args>" | Run user-defined commands on fatal error. (Introduced in 1.4.2 update 9.) |
-XX:OnOutOfMemoryError="<cmd args>; <cmd args>" |
Run user-defined commands when an OutOfMemoryError is first thrown. (Introduced in 1.4.2 update 12, 6) |
-XX:-PrintClassHistogram | Print a histogram of class instances on Ctrl-Break. Manageable . (Introduced in 1.4.2.) Thejmap -histo command provides equivalent functionality. |
-XX:-PrintConcurrentLocks | Print java.util.concurrent locks in Ctrl-Break thread dump. Manageable . (Introduced in 6.) Thejstack -l command provides equivalent functionality. |
-XX:-PrintCommandLineFlags | Print flags that appeared on the command line. (Introduced in 5.0.) |
-XX:-PrintCompilation | Print message when a method is compiled. |
-XX:-PrintGC | Print messages at garbage collection. Manageable . |
-XX:-PrintGCDetails | Print more details at garbage collection. Manageable . (Introduced in 1.4.0.) |
-XX:-PrintGCTimeStamps | Print timestamps at garbage collection. Manageable (Introduced in 1.4.0.) |
-XX:-PrintTenuringDistribution | Print tenuring age information. |
-XX:-TraceClassLoading | Trace loading of classes. |
-XX:-TraceClassLoadingPreorder | Trace all classes loaded in order referenced (not loaded). (Introduced in 1.4.2.) |
-XX:-TraceClassResolution | Trace constant pool resolutions. (Introduced in 1.4.2.) |
-XX:-TraceClassUnloading | Trace unloading of classes. |
-XX:-TraceLoaderConstraints | Trace recording of loader constraints. (Introduced in 6.) |
-XX:+PerfSaveDataToFile | Saves jvmstat binary data on exit. |
参考资料:
http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/tools/windows/java.html
http://java.sun.com/javase/technologies/hotspot/vmoptions.jsp