WPF界面设计技巧（2）—自定义漂亮的按钮样式

原文: WPF界面设计技巧（2）—自定义漂亮的按钮样式

 

上次做了个很酷的不规则窗体，这次我们来弄点好看的按钮出来，此次将采用纯代码来设计按钮样式，不需要 Microsoft Expression Design 辅助了。

 

首先打开 Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 ，新建一个WPF项目，在上面随便放几个按钮：

 



 

然后给各个按钮设置不同的背景颜色：

 



 

设置好之后就是这样啦：

 



 

然后我们就开始在 App.xaml 文件中定义按钮样式了：

 



 

定义的样式代码如下：

 

Code
<Application x:Class="WPFButton.App"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    StartupUri="Window1.xaml">
    <Application.Resources>
        <!--定义按钮样式-->
        <Style TargetType="Button">
            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Black"/>
            <!--修改模板属性-->
            <Setter Property="Template">
                <Setter.Value>
                    <!--控件模板-->
                    <ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
                        <!--背景色-->
                        <Border x:Name="back" Opacity="0.8" CornerRadius="3">
                            <Border.BitmapEffect>
                                <OuterGlowBitmapEffect Opacity="0.7" GlowSize="0" GlowColor="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" />
                            </Border.BitmapEffect>
                            <Border.Background>
                                <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1.5">
                                    <GradientBrush.GradientStops>
                                        <GradientStopCollection>
                                            <GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0"/>
                                            <GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0.4"/>
                                            <GradientStop Color="#FFF" Offset="1"/>
                                        </GradientStopCollection>
                                    </GradientBrush.GradientStops>
                                </LinearGradientBrush>
                            </Border.Background>
                            <!--前景色及边框-->
                            <Border x:Name="fore" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="3" BorderBrush="#5555">
                                <Border.Background>
                                    <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
                                        <GradientBrush.GradientStops>
                                            <GradientStopCollection>
                                                <GradientStop Color="#6FFF" Offset="0.5"/>
                                                <GradientStop Color="#1111" Offset="0.51"/>
                                            </GradientStopCollection>
                                        </GradientBrush.GradientStops>
                                    </LinearGradientBrush>
                                </Border.Background>
                                <!--按钮内容-->
                                <ContentPresenter x:Name="content" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Content="{TemplateBinding  Content}">
                                    <ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>
                                        <DropShadowBitmapEffect Color="#000" Direction="-90" ShadowDepth="2" Softness="0.1" Opacity="0.3" />
                                    </ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>
                                </ContentPresenter>
                            </Border>
                        </Border>
                        <!--触发器-->
                        <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                            <!--鼠标移入移出-->
                            <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                                <Trigger.EnterActions>
                                    <BeginStoryboard>
                                        <Storyboard>
                                            <DoubleAnimation To="6" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#AFFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#3FFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                        </Storyboard>
                                    </BeginStoryboard>
                                </Trigger.EnterActions>
                                <Trigger.ExitActions>
                                    <BeginStoryboard>
                                        <Storyboard>
                                            <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                        </Storyboard>
                                    </BeginStoryboard>
                                </Trigger.ExitActions>
                            </Trigger>
                            <!--按钮按下弹起-->
                            <Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True">
                                <Trigger.EnterActions>
                                    <BeginStoryboard>
                                        <Storyboard>
                                            <DoubleAnimation To="3" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#3AAA" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#2111" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                        </Storyboard>
                                    </BeginStoryboard>
                                </Trigger.EnterActions>
                                <Trigger.ExitActions>
                                    <BeginStoryboard>
                                        <Storyboard>
                                            <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                        </Storyboard>
                                    </BeginStoryboard>
                                </Trigger.ExitActions>
                            </Trigger>
                            <!--按钮失效-->
                            <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
                                <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#B444"/>
                                <Trigger.EnterActions>
                                    <BeginStoryboard>
                                        <Storyboard>
                                            <DoubleAnimation To="0" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
                                            <DoubleAnimation To="1" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" />
                                            <DoubleAnimation To="-135" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#FFF" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#D555" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#CEEE" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#CDDD" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                        </Storyboard>
                                    </BeginStoryboard>
                                </Trigger.EnterActions>
                                <Trigger.ExitActions>
                                    <BeginStoryboard>
                                        <Storyboard>
                                            <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
                                            <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" />
                                            <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                        </Storyboard>
                                    </BeginStoryboard>
                                </Trigger.ExitActions>
                            </Trigger>
                        </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                    </ControlTemplate>
                </Setter.Value>
            </Setter>
        </Style>
    </Application.Resources>
</Application>


 

看了先不要头大，我们先看看最终效果，然后回过头来再解释代码：

 



 

这是常规样式

 



 

这个是鼠标移到上面时的样式

 

 

 

这个是鼠标点击时的样式

 



 

还有就是按钮失效时的样式

 

 

效果还算不错吧，下面来讲解代码喽，头晕的同学可以现在就收拾东西回家了哈。

 



 

我们先来看这个命名为“back”的 Border 元素，它用它的 Background 属性充当了整个按钮的背景色。

 

 

< Border.Background >
                                 < LinearGradientBrush  StartPoint ="0,0"  EndPoint ="0,1.5" >
                                     < GradientBrush.GradientStops >
                                         < GradientStopCollection >
                                             < GradientStop  Color =" {Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)} "  Offset ="0" />
                                             < GradientStop  Color =" {Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)} "  Offset ="0.4" />
                                             < GradientStop  Color ="#FFF"  Offset ="1" />
                                         </ GradientStopCollection >
                                     </ GradientBrush.GradientStops >
                                 </ LinearGradientBrush >
                             </ Border.Background >

 

其背景所用的是一个渐变笔刷，起始值和中间值都是引用的按钮本身的背景色，就是我们之前设置过的颜色啦，终止值是白色，这样通过位置调整，我们可以在按钮最下部产生一些向白色的过度色彩效果。

 

 

< Border.BitmapEffect >
                                 < OuterGlowBitmapEffect  Opacity ="0.7"  GlowSize ="0"  GlowColor =" {Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)} "   />
                             </ Border.BitmapEffect >

 

它的 BitmapEffect 属性我们设置了一个大小为 0 的外发光效果，平常是看不见这效果的，在这里预先设置好，是为了在鼠标移入、按下时实现动画使用。

 



 

再来看看这个命名为“fore”的 Border 元素，它实现的是按钮的边框和高亮反光效果，我为它设置了一个半透明的黑色1像素边框，使得这个边框的色彩可以和背景色混合起来。

 

 

                                 < Border.Background >
                                     < LinearGradientBrush  StartPoint ="0,0"  EndPoint ="0,1" >
                                         < GradientBrush.GradientStops >
                                             < GradientStopCollection >
                                                 < GradientStop  Color ="#6FFF"  Offset ="0.5" />
                                                 < GradientStop  Color ="#1111"  Offset ="0.51" />
                                             </ GradientStopCollection >
                                         </ GradientBrush.GradientStops >
                                     </ LinearGradientBrush >
                                 </ Border.Background >

 

它的背景同样采用的渐变笔刷，起始值和终止值的位置几乎贴在一起，从而形成比较鲜明的反光度对比。

 



 

ContentPresenter 元素用于呈现按钮原本的内容，对于按钮来说就是按钮上的文字了，当然也可能会存在图片或其它东西。

 

 

                                     < ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect >
                                         < DropShadowBitmapEffect  Color ="#000"  Direction ="-90"  ShadowDepth ="2"  Softness ="0.1"  Opacity ="0.3"   />
                                     </ ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect >

 

我为之加了一个不太明显的阴影滤镜以增强显示效果。

 



 

剩下的就是些可爱又该死的 Trigger ，我们通过这些触发器来改变按钮在不同状态时的外观。

 

 

                             <!-- 鼠标移入移出 -->
                             < Trigger  Property ="IsMouseOver"  Value ="True" >
                                 < Trigger.EnterActions >
                                     < BeginStoryboard >
                                         < Storyboard >
                                             < DoubleAnimation  To ="6"  Duration ="0:0:0.2"  Storyboard.TargetName ="back"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  To ="#AFFF"  BeginTime ="0:0:0.2"  Duration ="0:0:0.2"  Storyboard.TargetName ="fore"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  To ="#3FFF"  BeginTime ="0:0:0.2"  Duration ="0:0:0.2"  Storyboard.TargetName ="fore"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)"   />
                                         </ Storyboard >
                                     </ BeginStoryboard >
                                 </ Trigger.EnterActions >
                                 < Trigger.ExitActions >
                                     < BeginStoryboard >
                                         < Storyboard >
                                             < DoubleAnimation  Duration ="0:0:0.2"  Storyboard.TargetName ="back"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  Duration ="0:0:0.2"  Storyboard.TargetName ="fore"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  Duration ="0:0:0.2"  Storyboard.TargetName ="fore"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)"   />
                                         </ Storyboard >
                                     </ BeginStoryboard >
                                 </ Trigger.ExitActions >
                             </ Trigger >

 

在鼠标移入按钮时，我依次创建了改变外发光效果大小、改变上部反光区域颜色、改变下部反光区域颜色的动画，这里的要点就在于“Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)"”属性设置语句，琢磨一下你就能看出这是对属性路径的描述，只不过它们写起来和看起来都很让人生气。

 

 

                             <!-- 按钮按下弹起 -->
                             < Trigger  Property ="IsPressed"  Value ="True" >
                                 < Trigger.EnterActions >
                                     < BeginStoryboard >
                                         < Storyboard >
                                             < DoubleAnimation  To ="3"  Duration ="0:0:0.1"  Storyboard.TargetName ="back"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  To ="#3AAA"  Duration ="0:0:0.1"  Storyboard.TargetName ="fore"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  To ="#2111"  Duration ="0:0:0.1"  Storyboard.TargetName ="fore"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)"   />
                                         </ Storyboard >
                                     </ BeginStoryboard >
                                 </ Trigger.EnterActions >
                                 < Trigger.ExitActions >
                                     < BeginStoryboard >
                                         < Storyboard >
                                             < DoubleAnimation  Duration ="0:0:0.1"  Storyboard.TargetName ="back"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  Duration ="0:0:0.1"  Storyboard.TargetName ="fore"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  Duration ="0:0:0.1"  Storyboard.TargetName ="fore"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)"   />
                                         </ Storyboard >
                                     </ BeginStoryboard >
                                 </ Trigger.ExitActions >
                             </ Trigger >

 

按下和弹起按钮时，我们做了相似的动画改变，与前面相比只是数值略微不同。

 

 

                             <!-- 按钮失效 -->
                             < Trigger  Property ="IsEnabled"  Value ="False" >
                                 < Setter  Property ="Foreground"  Value ="#B444" />
                                 < Trigger.EnterActions >
                                     < BeginStoryboard >
                                         < Storyboard >
                                             < DoubleAnimation  To ="0"  Duration ="0:0:0.3"  Storyboard.TargetName ="back"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)"   />
                                             < DoubleAnimation  To ="1"  Duration ="0:0:0.1"  Storyboard.TargetName ="content"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)"   />
                                             < DoubleAnimation  To ="-135"  Duration ="0:0:0.1"  Storyboard.TargetName ="content"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  To ="#FFF"  Duration ="0:0:0.3"  Storyboard.TargetName ="content"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  To ="#D555"  Duration ="0:0:0.3"  Storyboard.TargetName ="fore"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  To ="#CEEE"  Duration ="0:0:0.3"  Storyboard.TargetName ="fore"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  To ="#CDDD"  Duration ="0:0:0.3"  Storyboard.TargetName ="fore"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)"   />
                                         </ Storyboard >
                                     </ BeginStoryboard >
                                 </ Trigger.EnterActions >
                                 < Trigger.ExitActions >
                                     < BeginStoryboard >
                                         < Storyboard >
                                             < DoubleAnimation  Duration ="0:0:0.1"  Storyboard.TargetName ="back"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)"   />
                                             < DoubleAnimation  Duration ="0:0:0.1"  Storyboard.TargetName ="content"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)"   />
                                             < DoubleAnimation  Duration ="0:0:0.1"  Storyboard.TargetName ="content"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  Duration ="0:0:0.1"  Storyboard.TargetName ="content"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  Duration ="0:0:0.1"  Storyboard.TargetName ="fore"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  Duration ="0:0:0.1"  Storyboard.TargetName ="fore"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)"   />
                                             < ColorAnimation  Duration ="0:0:0.1"  Storyboard.TargetName ="fore"  Storyboard.TargetProperty ="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)"   />
                                         </ Storyboard >
                                     </ BeginStoryboard >
                                 </ Trigger.ExitActions >
                             </ Trigger >

 

当按钮失效时，我要改变很多东西，首先将文字颜色设为灰色，然后依次创建了改变外发光效果大小、改变内容阴影效果不透明度、改变内容阴影效果角度、改变内容阴影效果颜色、改变按钮边框颜色、改变上部反光区域颜色、改变下部反光区域颜色的动画。

 

这里将先前对内容应用的阴影效果彻底改变，使之产生凹陷的效果。

 

 

好了，到这里就下课啦，文章有点冗长了，但应该对新手很有帮助，老鸟估计现在已经梦游仙境了吧。

 

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