WPF界面设计技巧（4）—自定义列表项样式

原文: WPF界面设计技巧（4）—自定义列表项样式

 

有前面修改按钮样式的基础，我们可以尝试来定制一个即好看又好用的 ListBox ，今天先来讲“好看”部分。

 

打开 Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 ，建立一个WPF应用程序，调整窗体大小，在窗体内创建一个 ListBox 和一个 Button ，按下图所示布局。

 



在  Window1.xaml 中为窗体 Loaded 事件及按钮 Click 事件添加事件处理：

 



 

 

Code
<Window x:Class="自定义列表项.Window1"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    Title="Window1" Height="351" Width="416" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
    <Grid>
        <ListBox Margin="26,21,27,54" Name="listBox1" />
        <Button Height="23" Click="button1_Click" Margin="26,0,0,13" Name="button1" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="75" Background="AliceBlue">选择文件</Button>
    </Grid>
</Window>


 

 

在项目的引用中添加对 System.Windows.Froms 的引用，因为我们要使用其中的“打开文件对话框”组件。

 



 



 

添加 using 语句，引用以下所示的命名空间。为 System.Windows.Froms 设置别名是为了防止和现有的命名空间内的名称冲突。

 



  

在 Window1.xaml.cs 中书写以下代码：

 



 

 

Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using Forms=System.Windows.Forms;


namespace 自定义列表项
{
    /**//// <summary>
    /// Window1.xaml 的交互逻辑
    /// </summary>
    public partial class Window1 : Window
    {
        public Window1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        public ObservableCollection<FileInfo> FileList=new ObservableCollection<FileInfo>();


        private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            listBox1.ItemsSource = FileList;
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            var open=new Forms.OpenFileDialog { Multiselect = true };
            if (open.ShowDialog() == Forms.DialogResult.OK)
            {
                foreach (string f in open.FileNames) FileList.Add(new FileInfo(f));
            }
        }
    }
}

 

 

我们采用泛型集合 ObservableCollection<FileInfo> 装载文件列表，ObservableCollection 不同于以往的集合类型，它会在其内容更改时向 WPF 控件发送更新通知，以确保显示和数据的同步，所以 WPF 开发中，集合类型应多使用该类型。

 

在窗体载入完毕后，将 ListBox1 绑定到文件列表 FileList 。

 

这时编译并运行程序，选择一些文件，应当是这个样子：

 



 

在App.xaml中添加如下样式设定：

 

 

Code
         <!--ListBox样式-->
        <Style TargetType="ListBox">
            <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="#BDD4F1"/>
            <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1"/>
            <Setter Property="Background" Value="#F8F7F5"/>
            <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility" Value="Hidden"/>
            <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility" Value="Auto"/>
            <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll" Value="true"/>
            <Setter Property="VerticalContentAlignment" Value="Center"/>
        </Style>
        <!--ListBoxItem样式-->
        <Style TargetType="ListBoxItem">
            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#B5BABF"/>
            <Setter Property="OverridesDefaultStyle" Value="True"/>
            <Setter Property="Height" Value="24"/>
            <Setter Property="Template">
                <Setter.Value>
                    <ControlTemplate TargetType="ListBoxItem">
                        <Border Name="back" BorderBrush="#F8F7F5" BorderThickness="0,1,0,1">
                            <Border.Background>
                                <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
                                    <GradientBrush.GradientStops>
                                        <GradientStopCollection>
                                            <GradientStop Color="#F8F7F5" Offset="0.0"/>
                                            <GradientStop Color="#F8F7F5" Offset="0.5"/>
                                            <GradientStop Color="#F8F7F5" Offset="0.51"/>
                                            <GradientStop Color="#F8F7F5" Offset="1"/>
                                        </GradientStopCollection>
                                    </GradientBrush.GradientStops>
                                </LinearGradientBrush>
                            </Border.Background>
                            <ContentPresenter Margin="2" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
                        </Border>
                        <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                            <Trigger Property="IsSelected" Value="True">
                                <Trigger.EnterActions>
                                    <BeginStoryboard>
                                        <Storyboard>
                                            <DoubleAnimation To="32" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Height"/>
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#F3C37C" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#952B00" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ListBoxItem.Foreground).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#FFF" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#FFEF99" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#FFE13F" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[2].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#FFF3B0" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[3].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                        </Storyboard>
                                    </BeginStoryboard>
                                </Trigger.EnterActions>
                                <Trigger.ExitActions>
                                    <BeginStoryboard>
                                        <Storyboard>
                                            <DoubleAnimation BeginTime="0:0:0.4" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Height"/>
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ListBoxItem.Foreground).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[2].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[3].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                        </Storyboard>
                                    </BeginStoryboard>
                                </Trigger.ExitActions>
                            </Trigger>
                            <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                                <Trigger.EnterActions>
                                    <BeginStoryboard>
                                        <Storyboard>
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#D8E6F5" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#617A98" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ListBoxItem.Foreground).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#F6F9FD" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#E0EBF7" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#D7E5F6" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[2].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation To="#F6F9FD" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[3].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                        </Storyboard>
                                    </BeginStoryboard>
                                </Trigger.EnterActions>
                                <Trigger.ExitActions>
                                    <BeginStoryboard>
                                        <Storyboard>
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ListBoxItem.Foreground).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[2].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                            <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[3].(GradientStop.Color)" />
                                        </Storyboard>
                                    </BeginStoryboard>
                                </Trigger.ExitActions>
                            </Trigger>
                        </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                    </ControlTemplate>
                </Setter.Value>
            </Setter>
        </Style>

 

 

最终效果（按钮是沿用以前教程制作的样式）：

 



 

样式代码部分基本没什么可讲的了，看看前面的教程应该都可以搞明白了，有不懂的地方请留言发问吧。

 

源代码下载

 

这次教程主要是为了后面做铺垫，在下一篇教程中，我将会为大家讲述如何定制列表项的内容，比如让每个项目都可以显示图片、文件尺寸等信息，借助 WPF 的强大界面设计特性，我们不需开发自定义控件，只需用一些 XAML 代码，就可以为普通控件赋予丰富的呈现功能，敬请关注。