C++ Notes: Table of Contents

C++ Notes: Table of Contents

Fred: C++ Notes: Table of Contents

Some of these supplemental notes are good, others only rough drafts or half-completed. Because they are designed only to provide additional examples, summaries, or explanations where the textbook is weak, they do not cover many obviously important topics. You can download a zipped version: notes-cpp-2004-12-19.zip [less than 400 KB]. -- Fred

Getting Started
Development Systems IDEs - Dev-C++ Model programs Example - Celsius to Fahrenheit. Example - Celsius to Fahrenheit loop. Example - Template for main. Misc Braces Development Techniques	Summaries Summary - Basic Elements - types, ... Summary - Expressions Summary - Control Flow Statements Summary - Functions Summary - Program Structure Summary - Header Files
Types and Expressions
Types Integers (int, short, long, char) Floating Point (float, double, long double) Characters (char) Reading characters Character functions - <cctype> bool Enums Enums Enum Values and I/O	Expressions Summary: Expressions Example: Converting to binary by division Operator: sizeof Bitwise Operators Operators: Bitwise Example: convert to binary using bitwise ops Example: Convert to hex using bitwise ops Exercises: ++, =, ?: Expressions
Control Flow
Loops Examples Ex: Line of stars - count up Ex: Line of stars - count down Ex: Finding max of input values Programming Problems - Reading from cin Programming Problem - cin Count Input Values Programming Problem - cin Count Equal Programming Problem - cin Max and Min Programming Problem - cin Average Programming Exercise - Average Positive Negative Programming Problems - Writing from a loop Programming Problem - Print Numbers Programming Problem - 99 Bottles of Beer Programming Problem - Ulam Sequence Programming Problems - Nested loops Programming Problem - Print Parallelogram Programming Problem - Figures Programming Problem - Multiplication Table	Switch Statement Switch Switch usage Simple Calculator Functions Function Concepts Function Structure Function return Statement Function Parameters Function Call Order Function Reference Parameters Programming Problems Programming Problem - Convert to Seconds Programming Problem - Temperature Opinion Programming Problem - Convert to Meters Programming Problem - Average 3 Numbers Programming Problem - Prompt Y/N Exceptions try - catch Standard exceptions Exception test
Input / Output
I/O streams - overview Idiom: cin loop Anti-idiom - Using cin in three places, instead of one End-Of-File (EOF) Reading numbers Reading characters Reading lines Reading text files	Example: File open dialog I/O operators - << and >> I/O manipulators String streams String stream example Idiom - Separate User Interface from Logic GUI Graphical User Interfaces
Arrays
One-dimensional Arrays Arrays Array Examples Array Memory Diagrams Array Initialization Passing Array Parameters Arrays - Problems and Solutions Arrays - Buffer overflow C-Strings - arrays of char C-Strings (arrays of chars) Common <cstring> functions C-string Prog exercises 1 C-string Prog exercises 2 Here are solutions to a few problems, using separate source files. C-Strings - Programming Exercise Solutions - main C-Strings - Programming Exercise Solutions - functions C-Strings - Programming Exercise Solutions - header 2-dimensional arrays 2-Dimensional arrays 2-D Array Memory Layout Arrays of arrays Battleship Example Example - Battleship ver 1 - First version does nothing Example - Battleship ver 2 - One ship in linear grid Example - Battleship ver 3a - Multiple ships in Suez Canal	Sorting Arrays Sorting Sort efficiency Bubble Sort - Fixed passes More Bubble Sorts Selection Sort isSorted STL sort for arrays Searching Arrays Linear Search Binary Search Recursive Binary Search Misc Array Function Examples Example - readArray Example - insert Example - erase Example - reverse Example - push Example - pop Example - maximum Example - average
Misc practical issues.
Multiple source files Multiple Source Files
Pointers, References, and Dynamic Allocation
Pointers and References Addresses, pointers, references Pointers The NULL pointer Pointer quote The Name of the Song is ... swap - references, pointers, STL, templates Pointers, arrays, and subscripts Arrays as pointers Arrays as Pointers - Weird but true Pointers and Subscripts - strcpy Programming Problems Words in Reverse Order Example - Words in Reverse Order - vector	Dynamic allocation (new, delete) Dynamic Allocation of Arrays Dynamic Allocation of C-Strings Example: Expanding an Array Dynamic allocation issues Example - Dynamic C-String Allocation
Structs
Structs Struct operations Struct Example: Time Struct operators Struct example 1 Struct example 2 -> operator	Examples Classical (non-OOP) Linked Lists Linked Lists - Example Using Nodes Singly linked, doubly linked, class lists Combining two circular, doubly linked lists Binary Search Trees Binary Search Trees Binary Tree Traversal Expression Trees Expression Trees Expression Tree Struct Expression Tree Class (like struct) Expression tree using inheritance
Object-Oriented Programming with Classes
OOP Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) OOP Terminology Classes Classes this Example: floatVector v1 Visibility - public and private Data members Member initializers Constructors and Destructors Constructors Shallow vs Deep Copies Copy Constructors Destructors Key Points - Constructors	Operator Overloading Operator Overloading Overloading Assignment Overloading Derived Class Assignment Member functions const member functions Friend functions Friend Functions Overloading << and >> Inheritance Nothing yet
Generic Programming
Templates Templates Template functions Nothing yet	Template Classes Example - CheckedArray Template Class Programming Exercises - Extend CheckedArray Example - CheckedArray Alternate Style
STL (Standard Template Library) containers, iterators, algorithms
General STL Overview Containers General information Introduction to Containers Sequence containers Common Sequence Container Operations Strings <string> header Vectors <vector> header Example - Vector reverse input Example - RPN (Reverse Polish Notation) calculator Passing Vector Parameters Iterators for vector Crossword Helper - uses vector, string, ifstream. Lists <list> header Deques Associative containers Maps, Multimaps pair utility struct Example - Word frequency using map Sets, Multisets Adapter containers (based on other containers) Stacks Queues Priority Queues	Iterators Introduction to Iterators Iterator Operators Iterators for vector Examples Lefthand Lefthand 1 - uses string. Lefthand 2 - uses string and vector. Lefthand 3 - uses string and set. Compress - Uses vector, string, sort. Printing input words in reverse order Using array - for comparison. Using vector and string Using stack and string
Misc Examples
string2int function Word length frequency (arrays, c-strings)
Misc
Random numbers Random Numbers Example - Shuffle Array Example - Deal Cards Example - Random Names Preprocessor #ifdef and #ifndef	Big-Oh Notation Big-Oh Introduction Big-Oh Examples

Other online sources

• www.cppreference.com - Function references.
• www.codeproject.com - Many articles from beginner to advanced. Very interesting.
• www.bruceeckel.com has both volumes of Bruce Eckel's excellent Thinking in C++ books. Yes, the entire books are there! These aren't for real beginners, but after you've had a little bit of C++ programming, these will be very useful.
• www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial
• publications.gbdirect.co.uk/c_book/ Has made an entire 1991 C book online freely available.

Acknowledgements.

Copyleft 2004 Fred Swartz MIT License