redis的简单学习2.1-redis的数据类型
4.set类型以及操作
set是集合，它是string类型的无序集合
set是通过hash table实现的，
添加、删除和查找的复杂度都是0(1)
对集合我们可以取交集、并集、差集
通过这些操作我们可以实现SNS中的好友推荐和blog的tag功能
sadd
向名称为key的set中添加元素
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset "world"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset "world"
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset
1) "world"
2) "hello"
smembers
获取名称为key的set中所有元素
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset
1) "hello"
1) "world"
srem
删除名称为key的set中的元素
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 "one"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 "two"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> srem myset2 "one"
(integer) 1
spop
随机返回并删除名称为key的set中一个元素
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 "one"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 "two"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> spop myset3
"two"
sdiff
返回所有给定key与第一个key的差集
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "three"
2) "two"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset3
1) "two"
2) "one"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff myset2 myset3
1) "three"
sdiffstore
返回所有给定key与第一个key的差集，并将结果存为另一个key
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "three"
2) "two"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset3
1) "two"
2) "one"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sdiffstore myset4 myset2 myset3
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset4
1) "three"
sinter
返回所有给定key的交集
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "three"
2) "two"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset3
1) "two"
2) "one"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sinter myset2 myset3
1) "two"
sinterstore
返回所有给定key的交集，并将结果存为另一个key
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "three"
2) "two"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset3
1) "two"
2) "one"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sinterstore myset4 myset2 myset3
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset4
1) "two"
sunion
返回所有给定key的并集
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "three"
2) "two"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset3
1) "two"
2) "one"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sunion myset2 myset3
1) "three"
2) "one"
3) "two"
sunionstore
返回所有给定key的并集
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "three"
2) "two"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset3
1) "two"
2) "one"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sunionstore myset 4 myset2 myset3
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset4
1) "three"
2) "one"
3) "two"
smove
从第一个key对应的set中移除member并添加到第二个对应的set中
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "three"
2) "two"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset3
1) "three"
2) "one"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smove myset2 myset7 three
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "two"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset7
1) "three"
scard
返回名称为key的set的元素个数
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> scard myset2
(integer) 1
sismember
测试member是否是名称为key的set的元素
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "two"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sismember myset2 two
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sismember myset2 one
(integer) 0
srandmember
随机返回名称为key的set的一个元素，但不删除元素
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset3
1) "two"
2) "one"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember myset3
"two"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember myset3
"one"
5.sorted sets类型以及操作
sorted set 是set的一个升级版本，它在set的基础上增加了一个顺序属性
这一属性在添加修改元素的时候可以指定
每次指定后，zset会自动重新按新的值调整顺序
可以理解为有两列的MySQL表，一列存value，一列存顺序，操作中key理解为zset的名字
zadd
向名称为key的zset中添加元素member，score用于排序，如果该元素存在，则更新其顺序
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset 1 "one"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset 2 "two"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset 3 "two" // 添加未成功，但是顺序号更新
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores // withscores 输出顺序号
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "3"
zrem
删除名称为key的zset中的元素member
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "3"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrem myzset two
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
zincrby
如果再名称为key的zset中已经存在元素member，则该元素的score增加increment
否则向该集合中添加该元素，其score的值为increment
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset2 1 "one"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset2 2 "two"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby myzset2 2 "one"
"3"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset2 0 -1 withscores
1) "two"
2) "2"
3) "one"
4) "3"
zrank
返回名称为key的zset中member元素的排名（按score从小到大排序）即下标
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset3 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "2"
5) "three"
6) "3"
7) "five"
8) "5"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrank myzset3 two
(integer) 1
zrevrank
返回名称为key的zset中member元素的排名（按score从大到小排序）即下标
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset3 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "2"
5) "three"
6) "3"
7) "five"
8) "5"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrank myzset3 two
(integer) 2
zrevrange
返回名称为key的zset（按score从大到小顺序）中的index从start到end的所有元素
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange myzset3 0 -1 withscores
1) "five"
2) "5"
3) "three"
4) "3"
5) "two"
6) "2"
7) "one"
8) "1"
zrangebyscore
返回集合中score在给定区间的元素
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset3 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "2"
5) "three"
6) "3"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore myzset3 2 3 withscores
1) "two"
2) "2"
3) "three"
4) "3"
zcount
返回集合中score在给定区间的数量
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset3 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "2"
5) "three"
6) "3"
7) "five"
8) "5"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zcount myzset3 2 3
(integer) 2
zcard
返回所有元素个数
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zcard myzset3
(integer) 4
zremrangebyrank
删除集合中排名在给定区间的元素
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset3 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "2"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zremrangebyrank myzset3 1 1
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset3 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
zremrangebyscore
删除集合中score在给定区间的元素
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset3 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "2"
5) "three"
6) "3"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zremrangebyscore myzset3 1 2
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset3 0 -1 withscores
1) "three"
2) "3"