Linux 下挂载及卸载硬盘的方法
1. 添加磁盘，查看磁盘状况
[root@db1 /]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 151 1305 9277537+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1 150 1204843+ 82 Linux swap Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
从查询结果看出，多了一个/dev/sdb的盘
2. 用fdisk 对/dev/sdb 进行分区
[root@db1 /]# fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-652, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-652, default 652): Using default value 652 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
再次查看分区情况，多出来一个/dev/sdb1 的区，这个1是我们在前面指定的，如果我们指定2，就变成 sdb2了。
[root@db1 /]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 151 1305 9277537+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1 150 1204843+ 82 Linux swap Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux [root@db1 /]#
如果创建完之后，/proc/partitions 查看不到对应的分区，使用parprobe 命令刷新一下就可以了：
[root@web1 ~]# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 175825944 sda 8 1 1020096 sda1 8 2 30716280 sda2 8 3 8193150 sda3 [root@web1 ~]# partprobe /dev/sda [root@web1 ~]# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 175825944 sda 8 1 1020096 sda1 8 2 30716280 sda2 8 3 8193150 sda3 8 4 135893835 sda4 [root@web1 ~]#
3. 格式化 /dev/sdb1 分区
[root@db1 /]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 655360 inodes, 1309289 blocks 65464 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280 40 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 16384 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
4. 创建目录 并将 /dev/sdb1 挂在到该目录下
[root@db1 /]# ls backup dev initrd media opt sbin sys usr bin etc lib misc proc selinux tftpboot var boot home lost+found mnt root srv tmp [root@db1 /]# mkdir /u01 [root@db1 /]# ls backup dev initrd media opt sbin sys u01 bin etc lib misc proc selinux tftpboot usr boot home lost+found mnt root srv tmp var [root@db1 /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /u01
5. 验证挂载是否成功
[root@db1 /]# df -k Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 9131772 7066884 1601012 82% / none 454256 0 454256 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 5154852 43040 4849956 1% /backup
6. 设置开机自动挂载
[root@db1 /]# vi /etc/fstab # This file is edited by fstab-sync - see 'man fstab-sync' for details LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 none /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /u01 ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/hdc /media/cdrom auto pamconsole,exec,noauto,m anaged 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy auto pamconsole,exec,noauto,m anaged 0 0
6. 卸载硬盘挂载
[root@localhost ~]# umount /data 注:/data为磁盘所挂载目录 [root@localhost ~]# df -h 查看磁盘情况
PS:如果挂载到已经有数据的目录请先备份原有磁盘下的数据,然后在挂载,
否则挂载后会隐藏原来磁盘下的数据，这种情况下可以通过卸载来恢复数据
关于/etc/fstab 命令，详见：
Linux fstab 参数详解
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2011/02/18/6194358.aspx