最简单的Windows win32 API 程序开发方法

第零章：准备好工具先开发一个小程序看看

第一步：找到我们所需要的所有原料

    这里用到的原料都是从mingw中获取的，先安装一个mingw然后搜索安装目录找到下面几个文件：

1. cc1.exe
2. as.exe
3. ld.exe
4. mingw32-make.exe

    由于这几个程序不是全部用静态库做出来的，所以有些dll文件也需要：

1. libgmp-10.dll
2. libiconv-2.dll
3. libintl-8.dll
4. libmpc-3.dll
5. libmpfr-4.dll
6. zlib1.dll
7. libgcc_s_dw2-1.dll

    当然开发win32程序必不可少的的这几个库文件：

1. libgdi32.a
2. libkernel32.a
3. libuser32.a

找到这14个文件之后，为了不让文件看起来太混乱，新建几个文件目录来存放他们：

把exe文件和dll文件放在tools目录中，a文件放在lib目录中，src目录是为源码准备的目录。

第二步：开始写程序

win32.c

#include "min.h"	// 函数的声明、结构体的声明和定义、宏定义

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

/* @@@@ Windows 程序必需1：WinMain函数 */
/* 这个函数相当于控制台程序的main函数 */
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
	MSG msg;
	HWND hwnd;
	static char szAppName[] = "myclass";

	/* @@@@ Windows 程序必需2：注册wndclassex */
	WNDCLASSEX wndclassex;
	wndclassex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
	wndclassex.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wndclassex.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wndclassex.hInstance = hInstance;
	wndclassex.hIcon = LoadIconA (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wndclassex.hCursor = LoadCursorA (NULL, IDC_ARROW); 
	wndclassex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH);
	wndclassex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wndclassex.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wndclassex.lpszClassName = szAppName;
	wndclassex.hIconSm = wndclassex.hIcon; 
	wndclassex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
	if (!RegisterClassExA (&wndclassex)) { 
		MessageBoxA (NULL, "RegisterClassEx failed!", szAppName, MB_ICONERROR); 
		return 0; 
	}

	/* 在这里创建一个窗口并将它显示出来，输出文字的功能是在回调函数中实现的。 */
	hwnd = CreateWindowExA (WS_EX_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, szAppName, "WindowTitle", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 
			CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

	ShowWindow (hwnd, 1); 
	UpdateWindow (hwnd); 

	
	/* @@@@ Windows 程序必需3：消息循环处理 */
	while (GetMessageA (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) 
	{
		TranslateMessage (&msg); 
		DispatchMessageA (&msg);
	}
	return msg.wParam;
}


/* @@@@ Windows 程序必需4：窗口回调函数 */
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) 
{
	HDC hdc;
	PAINTSTRUCT ps;
	switch (message) 
	{
		case WM_CREATE:
			return 0;
		case WM_PAINT:
			hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps); 
			TextOutA (hdc, 0, 0, "Hello world!", 12);
			TextOutA (hdc, 32, 32, "Win32 API!", 9);
			EndPaint (hwnd, &ps);
			return 0; 
		case WM_DESTROY:
			PostQuitMessage(0); 
			return 0;
	}
	return DefWindowProcA (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

min.h：

#if (!defined(__stdcall))
	#define	__stdcall	__attribute__((__stdcall__))
#endif

#ifndef NULL
#define NULL ((void*)0)
#endif
#ifndef FALSE
#define FALSE 0
#endif
#ifndef TRUE
#define TRUE 1
#endif

#ifndef CONST
#define CONST const
#endif

#ifndef VOID
#define VOID void
#endif

typedef unsigned char BYTE;

typedef char CHAR;
typedef short SHORT;
typedef long LONG;
typedef char CCHAR, *PCCHAR;
typedef unsigned char UCHAR,*PUCHAR;
typedef unsigned short USHORT,*PUSHORT;
typedef unsigned long ULONG,*PULONG;
typedef char *PSZ;

typedef void *PVOID,*LPVOID;

typedef unsigned long DWORD;
typedef int WINBOOL,*PWINBOOL,*LPWINBOOL;
typedef WINBOOL BOOL;

typedef BOOL *PBOOL,*LPBOOL;
typedef unsigned short WORD;
typedef float FLOAT;
typedef FLOAT *PFLOAT;
typedef BYTE *PBYTE,*LPBYTE;
typedef int *PINT,*LPINT;
typedef WORD *PWORD,*LPWORD;
typedef long *LPLONG;
typedef DWORD *PDWORD,*LPDWORD;
typedef CONST void *PCVOID,*LPCVOID;
typedef int INT;
typedef unsigned int UINT,*PUINT,*LPUINT;

typedef CHAR TCHAR;
typedef CHAR _TCHAR;

typedef TCHAR TBYTE,*PTCH,*PTBYTE;
typedef TCHAR *LPTCH,*PTSTR,*LPTSTR,*LP,*PTCHAR;
typedef CHAR *PCHAR,*LPCH,*PCH,*NPSTR,*LPSTR,*PSTR;
typedef const TCHAR *LPCTSTR;
typedef int INT_PTR, *PINT_PTR;
typedef unsigned int UINT_PTR, *PUINT_PTR;

typedef long LONG_PTR, *PLONG_PTR;
typedef unsigned long ULONG_PTR, *PULONG_PTR;

typedef const char *LPCCH,*PCSTR,*LPCSTR;


typedef UINT_PTR            WPARAM;
typedef LONG_PTR            LPARAM;
typedef LONG_PTR            LRESULT;
typedef void *HGDIOBJ;

#define MAKEINTRESOURCEA(i) (LPSTR)((DWORD)((WORD)(i)))

#define IDI_APPLICATION MAKEINTRESOURCEA(32512)

#define IDC_ARROW MAKEINTRESOURCEA(32512)

#define WS_EX_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW	0x300

#define WS_BORDER	0x800000
#define WS_CAPTION	0xc00000
#define WS_CHILD	0x40000000
#define WS_CHILDWINDOW	0x40000000
#define WS_CLIPCHILDREN 0x2000000
#define WS_CLIPSIBLINGS 0x4000000
#define WS_DISABLED	0x8000000
#define WS_DLGFRAME	0x400000
#define WS_GROUP	0x20000
#define WS_HSCROLL	0x100000
#define WS_ICONIC	0x20000000
#define WS_MAXIMIZE	0x1000000
#define WS_MAXIMIZEBOX	0x10000
#define WS_MINIMIZE	0x20000000
#define WS_MINIMIZEBOX	0x20000
#define WS_OVERLAPPED	0
#define WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW	0xcf0000
#define WS_POPUP	0x80000000
#define WS_POPUPWINDOW	0x80880000
#define WS_SIZEBOX	0x40000
#define WS_SYSMENU	0x80000
#define WS_TABSTOP	0x10000
#define WS_THICKFRAME	0x40000
#define WS_TILED	0
#define WS_TILEDWINDOW	0xcf0000
#define WS_VISIBLE	0x10000000
#define BS_3STATE	5
#define BS_AUTO3STATE	6
#define BS_AUTOCHECKBOX	3
#define BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON	9
#define BS_BITMAP	128
#define BS_BOTTOM	0x800
#define BS_CENTER	0x300
#define BS_CHECKBOX	2
#define BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON	1
#define BS_GROUPBOX	7
#define BS_ICON	64
#define BS_LEFT	256
#define BS_LEFTTEXT	32
#define BS_MULTILINE	0x2000
#define BS_NOTIFY	0x4000
#define BS_OWNERDRAW	0xb
#define BS_PUSHBUTTON	0
#define BS_PUSHLIKE	4096
#define BS_RADIOBUTTON 4
#define BS_RIGHT	512
#define BS_RIGHTBUTTON	32
#define BS_TEXT	0
#define BS_TOP	0x400
#define BS_USERBUTTON	8
#define BS_VCENTER	0xc00
#define BS_FLAT	0x8000

#define WM_SYNCPAINT  136
#define WM_MOUSEACTIVATE 33
#define WM_MOUSEMOVE 512
#define WM_LBUTTONDOWN 513
#define WM_LBUTTONUP 514
#define WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK 515
#define WM_RBUTTONDOWN 516
#define WM_RBUTTONUP 517
#define WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK 518
#define WM_MBUTTONDOWN 519
#define WM_MBUTTONUP 520
#define WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK 521
#define WM_MOUSEWHEEL 522
#define WM_MOUSEFIRST 512

#define CW_USEDEFAULT	0x80000000

#define WHITE_BRUSH 0
#define WM_PAINT 15
#define WM_DESTROY 2
#define MB_ICONERROR 16
#define WM_CREATE 1
#define CS_HREDRAW 2
#define CS_VREDRAW 1


typedef void *HANDLE;
#define DECLARE_HANDLE(n) typedef struct n##__{int i;}*n
DECLARE_HANDLE(HINSTANCE);
DECLARE_HANDLE(HWND);
DECLARE_HANDLE(HMENU);
DECLARE_HANDLE(HICON);
DECLARE_HANDLE(HCURSOR);
DECLARE_HANDLE(HDC);
DECLARE_HANDLE(HBRUSH);
typedef HINSTANCE HMODULE;

#define pascal __stdcall
#define _pascal __stdcall
#define __pascal __stdcall
#define PASCAL _pascal
#define CDECL _cdecl
#define STDCALL __stdcall
#define FASTCALL __fastcall
#define WINAPI __stdcall
#define WINAPIV __cdecl
#define APIENTRY __stdcall
#define CALLBACK __stdcall
#define APIPRIVATE __stdcall

#define UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(P) {(P)=(P);}
#define UNREFERENCED_LOCAL_VARIABLE(L) {(L)=(L);}
#define DBG_UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(P)
#define DBG_UNREFERENCED_LOCAL_VARIABLE(L)

typedef long(CALLBACK *WNDPROC)(HWND,UINT,WPARAM,LPARAM);

typedef struct tagRECT {
	LONG left;
	LONG top;
	LONG right;
	LONG bottom;
} RECT,*PRECT,*LPRECT;

typedef struct tagPAINTSTRUCT {
	HDC	hdc;
	BOOL fErase;
	RECT rcPaint;
	BOOL fRestore;
	BOOL fIncUpdate;
	BYTE rgbReserved[32];
} PAINTSTRUCT,*LPPAINTSTRUCT;

typedef struct _WNDCLASSEXA {
	UINT cbSize;
	UINT style;
	WNDPROC lpfnWndProc;
	int cbClsExtra;
	int cbWndExtra;
	HINSTANCE hInstance;
	HICON hIcon;
	HCURSOR hCursor;
	HBRUSH hbrBackground;
	LPCSTR lpszMenuName;
	LPCSTR lpszClassName;
	HICON hIconSm;
} WNDCLASSEXA,*LPWNDCLASSEXA,*PWNDCLASSEXA;
typedef WNDCLASSEXA WNDCLASSEX,*LPWNDCLASSEX,*PWNDCLASSEX;

typedef struct tagPOINT {
	LONG x;
	LONG y;
} POINT,POINTL,*PPOINT,*LPPOINT,*PPOINTL,*LPPOINTL;

typedef struct tagMSG {
	HWND hwnd;
	UINT message;
	WPARAM wParam;
	LPARAM lParam;
	DWORD time;
	POINT pt;
} MSG,*LPMSG,*PMSG;


HICON WINAPI LoadIconA(HINSTANCE,LPCSTR);

HCURSOR WINAPI LoadCursorA(HINSTANCE,LPCSTR);

HGDIOBJ WINAPI GetStockObject(int);
WORD WINAPI RegisterClassExA(CONST WNDCLASSEXA*);

BOOL __stdcall GetMessageA(LPMSG,HWND,UINT,UINT);
BOOL __stdcall TranslateMessage(const MSG*);
LONG __stdcall DispatchMessageA(const MSG*);
HWND __stdcall CreateWindowExA(DWORD,LPCSTR,LPCSTR,DWORD,int,int,int,int,HWND,HMENU,HINSTANCE,LPVOID);
BOOL __stdcall ShowWindow(HWND,int);
BOOL __stdcall UpdateWindow(HWND);
int __stdcall MessageBoxA(HWND,LPCSTR,LPCSTR,UINT);
HMODULE __stdcall GetModuleHandleA(LPCSTR);
void WINAPI PostQuitMessage(int);
HDC WINAPI BeginPaint(HWND,LPPAINTSTRUCT);
LRESULT WINAPI DefWindowProcA(HWND,UINT,WPARAM,LPARAM);
BOOL WINAPI EndPaint(HWND,const PAINTSTRUCT*);
BOOL WINAPI TextOutA(HDC,int,int,LPCSTR,int);
BOOL WINAPI LineTo(HDC,int,int);
BOOL WINAPI DestroyWindow(HWND);
BOOL WINAPI CloseWindow(HWND);
VOID WINAPI SwitchToThisWindow(HWND,BOOL);
HANDLE WINAPI GetStdHandle(DWORD);

第三步：编译运行，在src目录下创建下面两个文件

    为了方便，写个Makefile让程序自动编译：

TOOLPATH			= ../tools/
LIBPATH				= ../lib/

DEL				= del 

CC				= $(TOOLPATH)cc1.exe
AS				= $(TOOLPATH)as.exe
LD				= $(TOOLPATH)ld.exe
MAKE				= $(TOOLPATH)mingw32-make.exe

LIBS				= $(LIBPATH)libuser32.a $(LIBPATH)libgdi32.a $(LIBPATH)libkernel32.a

win32.exe: win32.o
	$(LD) -o win32.exe -Map win32.map win32.o $(LIBS)

%.o: %.s
	$(AS) $*.s -o $*.o

%.s: %.c
	$(CC) $*.c -o $*.s

clean:
	$(DEL) *.o
	$(DEL) *.s
	$(DEL) *.map

src_only:
	$(MAKE) clean
	$(DEL) *.exe

再写个批处理（make.bat）：

..\tools\mingw32-make.exe -r %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8

打开cmd，进入src所在的目录，输入make将自动生成win32.exe程序。

打开win32.exe来看看：

懒人模式：http://git.oschina.net/hanjianqiao/Windows_win32_API_simple