通过AndroidTestCase来进行android 单元测试
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在以前的博客中介绍过了如何用intrumentation进行android单元测试，其实还有一种方法同样可以，那就是利用AndroidTestCase来做单元测试，intrumentationTestCase和AndroidTestCase都是Junit.framwork.TestCase的子类，二者代表不用的方向。
如果想通过AndroidTestCase，大致可以通过以下几个步骤实现：
添加自己的test case code, 让他们继承自AndroidTestCase。
定义自己的testSuite类，用来管理test cases.
定义自己的testRunner，用来执行测试
下面首先来看一下这种方法所涉及到的android的类以及接口。
AndroidTestCase
Android test cases classes需要从这个类派生出来，而不再是从junit.framework.TestCase. 二者之间的最主要区别就是Android test cases提供了一个方法getContext()来获取当前的上下文变量，这在android测试中很重要的，因为很多的android api都需要context。
AndroidTestCase主要成员：
setUp() //Sets up the fixture, for example, open a network connection. tearDown() //Tears down the fixture, for example, close a network connection. testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly()
TestSuite (in package junit.package)
一个TestSuite就是一系列test case的集合。通过testsuite可以更好的来管理test case
TestSuite主要成员:
Void addTest (Test test) //Adds a test to the suite.
void addTestSuite(Class testClass) //Adds the tests from the given class to the suite
下面是一小段往test suite中添加test case的示例：
TestSuite suite= new TestSuite();
suite.addTest(new MathTest("testAdd")); //Adds a test to the suite.
suite.addTest(new MathTest("testDivideByZero"));
//或者可以通过addTestSuite()来添加
suite.addTestSuite(MathTest.class);
TestListener (in package junit.framework)
这是一个 interface ，用来监听测试进程
有以下4个Public Methods :
abstract void addError(Test test,Throwable t) //An error occurred. abstract void addFailure(Test test,AssertionFailedError t) //A failure occurred. abstract void endTest(Test test) //A test ended. abstract void startTest(Test test) //A test started.
AndroidTestRunner
继承自class junit.runner.BaseTestRunner，但是它没有提供ui, 甚至来一个基于console的UI都没有，所以，如果想要很好的查看测试结果的话，你需要自己来处理来自于test runner的callback 函数。一会可以通过例子演示一下
AndroidTestRunner主要方法：
SetTest(); runTest() addTestListener() setContext()
如果要使用AndroidTestRunner，需要在permission in manifest.xml中添加权限：
<uses-library android:name="android.test.runner"/>
最后，通过一个实例来演示一下：
1. 写一个test case:
MathTest.java
package com.ut.prac;
import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
import android.util.Log;
public class MathTest extends AndroidTestCase {
protected int i1;
protected int i2;
static final String LOG_TAG = "MathTest";
public void setUp() {
i1 = 2;
i2 = 3;
}
public void testAdd() {
Log.d( LOG_TAG, "testAdd" );
assertTrue( LOG_TAG+"1", ( ( i1 + i2 ) == 5 ) );
}
public void testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly() {
super.testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly();
Log.d( LOG_TAG, "testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly" );
}
}
2. 定义一个test suite类。
ExampleSuite.java
package com.ut.prac;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
public class ExampleSuite extends TestSuite {
public ExampleSuite() {
addTestSuite( MathTest.class );
}
}
3. 定义test runner,以及构建UI来处理测试流程，查看测试结果等。
MyJUnitExample.java
package com.ut.prac;
import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestListener;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.test.AndroidTestRunner;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyJUnitExample extends Activity {
static final String LOG_TAG = "junit";
Thread testRunnerThread = null;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
Button launcherButton = (Button)findViewById( R.id.launch_button );
launcherButton.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick( View view ) {
startTest();
}
} );
}
private synchronized void startTest() {
if( ( testRunnerThread != null ) &&
!testRunnerThread.isAlive() )
testRunnerThread = null;
if( testRunnerThread == null ) {
testRunnerThread = new Thread( new TestRunner( this ) );
testRunnerThread.start();
} else
Toast.makeText(
this,
"Test is still running",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
class TestDisplay implements Runnable {
public enum displayEvent {
START_TEST,
END_TEST,
ERROR,
FAILURE,
}
displayEvent ev;
String testName;
int testCounter;
int errorCounter;
int failureCounter;
TextView statusText;
TextView testCounterText;
TextView errorCounterText;
TextView failureCounterText;
public TestDisplay( displayEvent ev,
String testName,
int testCounter,
int errorCounter,
int failureCounter,
TextView statusText,
TextView testCounterText,
TextView errorCounterText,
TextView failureCounterText ) {
this.ev = ev;
this.testName = testName;
this.testCounter = testCounter;
this.errorCounter = errorCounter;
this.failureCounter = failureCounter;
this.statusText = statusText;
this.testCounterText = testCounterText;
this.errorCounterText = errorCounterText;
this.failureCounterText = failureCounterText;
}
public void run() {
StringBuffer status = new StringBuffer();
switch( ev ) {
case START_TEST:
status.append( "Starting" );
break;
case END_TEST:
status.append( "Ending" );
break;
case ERROR:
status.append( "Error: " );
break;
case FAILURE:
status.append( "Failure: " );
break;
}
status.append( ": " );
status.append( testName );
statusText.setText( new String( status ) );
testCounterText.setText( "Tests: "+testCounter );
errorCounterText.setText( "Errors: "+errorCounter );
failureCounterText.setText( "Failure: "+failureCounter );
}
}
class TestRunner implements Runnable,TestListener {
static final String LOG_TAG = "TestRunner";
int testCounter;
int errorCounter;
int failureCounter;
TextView statusText;
TextView testCounterText;
TextView errorCounterText;
TextView failureCounterText;
Activity parentActivity;
public TestRunner( Activity parentActivity ) {
this.parentActivity = parentActivity;
}
public void run() {
testCounter = 0;
errorCounter = 0;
failureCounter = 0;
statusText = (TextView)parentActivity.
findViewById( R.id.status );
testCounterText = (TextView)parentActivity.
findViewById( R.id.testCounter );
errorCounterText = (TextView)parentActivity.
findViewById( R.id.errorCounter );
failureCounterText = (TextView)parentActivity.
findViewById( R.id.failureCounter );
Log.d( LOG_TAG, "Test started" );
AndroidTestRunner testRunner = new AndroidTestRunner();
testRunner.setTest( new ExampleSuite() );
testRunner.addTestListener( this );
testRunner.setContext( parentActivity );
testRunner.runTest();
Log.d( LOG_TAG, "Test ended" );
}
// TestListener
public void addError(Test test, Throwable t) {
Log.d( LOG_TAG, "addError: "+test.getClass().getName() );
Log.d( LOG_TAG, t.getMessage(), t );
++errorCounter;
TestDisplay td = new TestDisplay(
TestDisplay.displayEvent.ERROR,
test.getClass().getName(),
testCounter,
errorCounter,
failureCounter,
statusText,
testCounterText,
errorCounterText,
failureCounterText );
parentActivity.runOnUiThread( td );
}
public void endTest(Test test) {
Log.d( LOG_TAG, "endTest: "+test.getClass().getName() );
TestDisplay td = new TestDisplay(
TestDisplay.displayEvent.END_TEST,
test.getClass().getName(),
testCounter,
errorCounter,
failureCounter,
statusText,
testCounterText,
errorCounterText,
failureCounterText );
parentActivity.runOnUiThread( td );
}
public void startTest(Test test) {
Log.d( LOG_TAG, "startTest: "+test.getClass().getName() );
++testCounter;
TestDisplay td = new TestDisplay(
TestDisplay.displayEvent.START_TEST,
test.getClass().getName(),
testCounter,
errorCounter,
failureCounter,
statusText,
testCounterText,
errorCounterText,
failureCounterText );
parentActivity.runOnUiThread( td );
}
@Override
public void addFailure(Test test, junit.framework.AssertionFailedError t) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Log.d( LOG_TAG, "addFailure: "+test.getClass().getName() );
Log.d( LOG_TAG, t.getMessage(), t );
++failureCounter;
TestDisplay td = new TestDisplay(
TestDisplay.displayEvent.FAILURE,
test.getClass().getName(),
testCounter,
errorCounter,
failureCounter,
statusText,
testCounterText,
errorCounterText,
failureCounterText );
parentActivity.runOnUiThread( td );
}
}
4. 最后是xml文件
Manifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.ut.prac" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" /> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" /> <activity android:name=".MyJUnitExample" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="3" /> </manifest>
Mail.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent"> <Button android:id="@+id/launch_button" android:text="@string/launch_test" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/status" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/testCounter" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/errorCounter" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/failureCounter" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="" /> </LinearLayout>