十一、yii表单进化史html->CHtml->CActiveForm->CForm

数据库的操作离不开表单，那么yii中又该如何使用表单来添加一行新数据咧

首先我们看看原生的Html的做法

controller中创建一个actionHtml

public function actionHtml(){
        //如果有表单提交，则给user对象赋值
        if(!empty($_POST)){
            //实例化user模型
            $model = new User();
            $now = time();
//            dump($_POST);
            $model->username = $_POST['username'];
            $model->city_id = $_POST['city_id'];
            $model->create_time = $now;
            $model->update_time = $now;
            if(!$model->save()){
                dump($model->getErrors());
            }else{
                dump('保存成功');
            }
        }
        //渲染视图html并传入Model参数
        $this->render('html');
    }

新建视图html.php

<div class="form">
    <h1>添加新的用户</h1>
    <form method="POST">
        <div class="row">
            <label>用户名</label>
            <input type="text" name="username" value=""/>
        </div>
        <div class="row">
            <label>城市</label>
            <select name="city_id">
                <?php echo User::getCityOptions();?>
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="row">
            <input type="submit" value="添加">
        </div>
    </form>
</div>

在User模型中定义了获取城市下拉选项的方法

public static function getCityOptions(){
            $option = '<option value="">请选择</option>';
            $citys = self::getCitys();
            if(!empty($citys)){
                foreach ($citys as $v=>$name) {
                    $option.= "<option value={$v}>$name</option>";
                }
            }
            return $option;
        }
 
        public static function getCitys(){
            $citys = Yii::app()->db->createCommand()->select('id,name')->from('city')->queryAll();
            if(!empty($citys)){
                $citys = CHtml::listData($citys, 'id', 'name');
            }
            return $citys;
        }

yii将html进行了一次封装，这个类就是CHtml，CHtml是一个静态类，提供了一个用于创建HTML视图的辅助方法。

那么CHtml怎么使用列

controller中

public function actionChtml(){
        if(!empty($_POST)){
            $now = time();
            $model = new User();
            //将post提交的值赋值给attributes属性
            $model->attributes = $_POST;
//            dump($model->attributes);
            $model->create_time = $now;
            $model->update_time = $now;
            if(!$model->save()){
                dump($model->getErrors());
            }else{
                dump('添加成功');
            }
        }
 
        $this->render('chtml');
    }

view层

<div class="form">
    <h1>添加新的用户</h1>
    <?php echo CHtml::beginForm('', 'POST');?>
        <div class="row">
            <?php echo CHtml::label('用户名', 'username');?>
            <?php echo CHtml::textField('username', '');?>
        </div>
        <div class="row">
            <?php echo CHtml::label('城市', 'city_id')?>
            <?php echo CHtml::dropDownList('city_id', '', User::getCitys())?>
        </div>
        <div class="row">
            <?php echo CHtml::submitButton('添加')?>
        </div>
    <?php echo CHtml::endForm();?>
</div>

CHtml的标签静态方法最终都会去调用一个CHtml::tag的静态方法，htmlOptions是该标签的属性和属性值键值对

 

CHtml为了将模型和表单紧密结合起来，Chtml封装了一系列的active方法

controller中

public function actionActive(){
        $model = new User();
        if(!empty($_POST)){
            $now = time();
//            dump($_POST);//打印结果见图1
            $model->attributes = $_POST['User'];
            $model->create_time = $now;
            $model->update_time = $now;
            if(!$model->save()){
                dump($model->getErrors());
            }else{
                dump('添加成功');
            }
        }
        $this->render('active',array(
            'model'=>$model,
        ));
    }

view中

<div class="form">
    <h1>添加新的用户</h1>
    <?php echo CHtml::beginForm('', 'POST');?>
        <div class="row">
            <?php echo CHtml::activeLabel($model, 'username');?>
            <?php echo CHtml::activeTextField($model, 'username');?>
        </div>
        <div class="row">
            <?php echo CHtml::activeLabel($model, 'city_id');?>
            <?php echo CHtml::activeDropDownList($model, 'city_id', User::getCitys())?>
        </div>
        <div class="row buttons">
            <?php echo CHtml::submitButton('添加')?>
        </div>
    <?php echo CHtml::endForm();?>
</div>

我们看到视图文件中的label显示的是 用户名和城市，而不是username和city_id，是因为他调用了User模型中的 attributeLabel方法

将model和form结合的目的是为例验证model，为了更好的验证model，yii又为我们封装了一个挂件CActiveForm

CActiveForm提供了一系列方法，这些方法可以帮助简化表单创建的复杂性，也可以帮助创建基于模型数据的可交互HTML表单。

cactiveform挂件我们推荐使用gii生成

生成完成之后我们进入views/user目录下就会看到active_form文件

<div class="form">
 
<?php $form=$this->beginWidget('CActiveForm', array(
    'id'=>'user-active_form-form',
    // Please note: When you enable ajax validation, make sure the corresponding
    // controller action is handling ajax validation correctly.
    // See class documentation of CActiveForm for details on this,
    // you need to use the performAjaxValidation()-method described there.
    'enableAjaxValidation'=>false,
)); ?>
 
    <p class="note">Fields with <span class="required">*</span> are required.</p>
 
    <?php echo $form->errorSummary($model); ?>
 
    <div class="row">
        <?php echo $form->labelEx($model,'username'); ?>
        <?php echo $form->textField($model,'username'); ?>
        <?php echo $form->error($model,'username'); ?>
    </div>
 
    <div class="row">
        <?php echo $form->labelEx($model,'city_id'); ?>
        <?php echo $form->textField($model,'city_id'); ?>
        <?php echo $form->error($model,'city_id'); ?>
    </div>
 
    <div class="row">
        <?php echo $form->labelEx($model,'create_time'); ?>
        <?php echo $form->textField($model,'create_time'); ?>
        <?php echo $form->error($model,'create_time'); ?>
    </div>
 
    <div class="row">
        <?php echo $form->labelEx($model,'update_time'); ?>
        <?php echo $form->textField($model,'update_time'); ?>
        <?php echo $form->error($model,'update_time'); ?>
    </div>
 
 
    <div class="row buttons">
        <?php echo CHtml::submitButton('Submit'); ?>
    </div>
 
<?php $this->endWidget(); ?>
 
</div><!-- form -->

在控制器中我们需要做如下的配置

模仿gii提示的控制器方法，我们做如下代码

public function actionActiveform(){
        $model=new User;
 
        // uncomment the following code to enable ajax-based validation
        /*
        if(isset($_POST['ajax']) && $_POST['ajax']==='user-active_form-form')
        {
            echo CActiveForm::validate($model);
            Yii::app()->end();
        }
        */
 
        if(isset($_POST['User']))
        {
            $model->attributes=$_POST['User'];
            if($model->validate())
            {
                // form inputs are valid, do something here
                return;
            }
        }
        $this->render('active_form',array('model'=>$model));
    }